Communist Party of Persia

Communist Party of Iran
حزب کمونیست ایران
General SecretaryHaydar Khan Amo-oghli
First SecretaryAvetis Sultan-Zade
Founded1920
Banned1921
Succeeded byTudeh Party of Iran[1]
NewspaperCombat
Youth wingYoung Communist League of Persia
IdeologyCommunism
Political positionFar-left
International affiliationCommunist International

The Communist Party of Persia (Persian: حزب کمونیست ایران, romanized: Ḥezb-e komūnīst-e Iran) was an Iranian communist party. Its leader was Armenian Iranian called Avetis Mikaleian aka Ahmad Sultanzadeh, Sultanzadeh.[2] It had 6,000 members.[2]

Its predecessor, the transnational socialist Adalat (Justice) party (Persian: فرقه عدالت, romanized: Ferqa'ye ʿEdālat) was formed in 1912[2] or in 1916[3] after the first Russian Revolution by Iranian radical immigrants in Baku. The Baku Adalat Party was officially established in 1917[4] by the former social democrats who supported Baku-based Bolsheviks. Adalat party participated in the Communist International in 1919 and was partially absorbed by Communist Party of Azerbaijan in 1920. Its Iranian part was renamed to the "Communist Party of Persia" or also "Communist Party of Iran"[5][2] in 1920.[4]

Haydar Khan Amo-oghli, one of the leaders of the Persian Constitutional Revolution, was elected as its general secretary. Its foundation came about as a result of the establishment of the Persian Socialist Soviet Republic, earlier that year, by Mirza Kuchik Khan and his Jangali ("Jungle Movement") insurgents.

The party was banned in 1921 (coinciding with the defeat of the Persian Socialist Soviet Republic), though members continued activities underground until the foundation of the Tudeh Party of Iran in 1941, which thereafter became the official communist party in the country.[5]

References

  1. ↑ Vahabzadeh, Peyman (2010). Guerrilla Odyssey: Modernization, Secularism, Democracy, and the Fadai Period of National Liberation In Iran, 1971–1979. Syracuse University Press. p. 182. ISBN 9780815651475.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Mather, Yassamine (17 May 2019). "Iran's communist movement : Reform and revolution". Taylor & Francis. doi:10.4324/9780367134464-2. Retrieved 12 July 2026.
  3. ↑ Khandagh, Najleh (2016). "THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE TUDEH PARTY (MASS PARTY) OF IRAN 1941-47". European Journal of Research and Reflection in Arts and Humanitie. 4. ISSN 2056-5887.
  4. 1 2 Tachau, Frank (1994). "Justice Party I". Political parties of the Middle East and North Africa. Greenwood Press. p. 159. ISBN 9780313266492.
  5. 1 2 Demin, Iurii Aleksandrovich (January 2026). "The Reds in Iran: The Communist Party of Iran, the Comintern, and the Bolsheviks in 1922 to the early 1930s". Iranian Studies. 59 (1): 55–72. doi:10.1017/irn.2025.10120. ISSN 0021-0862.

Further reading

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