Calyptraphorus
| Calyptraphorus Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Shell of Calyptraphorus termieri (syntype at MNHN, Paris) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Rostellariidae |
| Genus: | †Calyptraphorus Conrad, 1857 |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Calyptraphorus, also known by its alternative spelling Calyptrophoris, is an extinct genus of sorbeochonid gastropod that belongs to the family Rostellariidae. It had a global distribution occurring from the Cretaceous period to the mid-Pliocene epoch. Members of this genus were likely epifaunal grazers.[1][2]
Evolutionary history
The earliest records of this genus date back to the Cretaceous period possibly during the Campanian age although it seems that the formation is was found in is possibly Maastrichtian age.[3] During the Cretaceous, members of this genus can be found in Mexico and Mali. This genus would subsequently survive the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (K-Pg) that ended the Mesozoic era. During the Paleogene, this genus can be found in a wide range of places including Mexico, United States (Texas, Alabama, Louisiana, South Carolina, Virginia, New Jersey and Maryland), Mali and Nigeria. During the Eocene epoch their range would include Mexico, Peru, the United States (Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas, Virginia, New Jersey and Maryland) India and Saudi Arabia.[1]
It was thought that Calyptraphorus had become extinct before the end of the Eocene epoch. However a single specimen that has not been described a species was found in the Tartaro Formation in Northern Luzon (Philippines). This means that the genus temporal range was extended by 30 million years going extinct during the mid-Pliocene epoch. This would also make Calyptraphorus a Lazarus taxon disappearing from the fossil record for a long period of time and reappearing.[2]
Taxonomy
Species
This genus currently contains 17 described species. A list of them can be found below:[1][4][2]
- Calyptraphorus afra (É. Vincent, 1913)
- Calyptraphorus africanus L. R. Cox, 1952
- Calyptraphorus binodiferus Perrilliat & Vega, 1997[5]
- Calyptraphorus chelonites C. A. White, 1887
- Calyptraphorus ewekoroensis (Adegoke, 1977)
- Calyptraphorus hollandi Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909
- Calyptraphorus hopkinsi Olsson, 1934
- Calyptraphorus itamaracensis Muñiz, 1993
- Calyptraphorus jacksoni W. B. Clark, 1895
- Calyptraphorus lissoni
- Calyptraphorus stamineus (Conrad, 1855)
- Calyptraphorus septentrionalis Stanton, 1921
- Calyptraphorus stamineus (Conrad, 1855)
- Calyptraphorus termieri Salvan, 1955
- Calyptraphorus terrysmithae Perrilliat, 2013
- Calyptraphorus velata
- Calyptraphorus velatus
This genus also currently contains several (nine) species who lack formal opinion data. Below is a list of these species:[1][4]
- Calyptraphorus aldrichi J. A. Gardner, 1935
- Calyptraphorus carrizensis J. A. Gardner, 1945
- Calyptraphorus compressus (Aldrich, 1894)
- Calyptraphorus indicus Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909
- Calyptraphorus popenoe J. A. Gardner, 1935
- Calyptraphorus trinodiferus Conrad, 1857
- Calyptraphorus velates
- Calyptraphorus velatus (Conrad, 1833)
- Calyptraphorus velusus
References
- 1 2 3 4 "PBDB Taxon". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2026-05-05.
- 1 2 3 Kase, Tomoki & Aguilar, Yolanda. (2014). The Gastropod Genus Calyptraphorus (Rostellariidae: Stromboidea: Mollusca): A Lazarus Taxon from the Pliocene of the Philippines. Paleontological Research. 18. 169-175. 10.2517/2014PR016.
- ↑ Irwin, Alison R.; Bouchet, Philippe; Crame, J. Alistair; Harper, Elizabeth M.; Kronenberg, Gijs C.; Strong, Ellen E.; Williams, Suzanne T. (November 2024). "Molecular phylogenetics of the superfamily Stromboidea (Caenogastropoda): New insights from increased taxon sampling". Zoologica Scripta. 53 (6): 818–838. doi:10.1111/zsc.12685. ISSN 0300-3256.
- 1 2 "Marine Species Traits - Calyptraphorus Conrad, 1857 †". marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2026-05-05.
- ↑ Perrilliat, Maria de Carmen; Vega, Fancisco J. (1997). "A New Species of Calyptraphorus (Mesogastropoda: Strombidae) from the Maastrichtian of Southern Mexico; Some Paleobiogeographic and Evolutionary Implications". Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology. 29 (3–4).