Brain-specific homeobox

BSX
Identifiers
Aliases	BSX, BSX1, brain specific homeobox
External IDs	OMIM: 611074; MGI: 2669849; GeneCards: BSX
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	122,981,834 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (mouse)
End	40,791,353 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	gonad; ; hypothalamus;
	Top expressed in
	kidney tubule; ; stroma of kidney; ; epithalamus; ; septum of telencephalon; ; arcuate nucleus; ; pineal gland; ; mesencephalon; ; nephron; ; kidney tubule;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	DNA-binding transcription factor activity; DNA binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; nucleus; transcription regulator complex;
Biological process	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; eating behavior; locomotory behavior; transcription, DNA-templated; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; mammary gland involution; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Databases	NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
	390259
	244813
	ENSG00000188909
	ENSMUSG00000054360
	Q3C1V8
	Q810B3
	NM_001098169
	NM_178245
	NP_001091639
	NP_839976
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Brain-specific homeobox is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BSX gene.^[5]

Tissue distribution

In mouse it has been shown to be expressed in the telencephalic septum, pineal gland, the mammillary bodies and arcuate nucleus.^[6]

Structure

Bsx is an evolutionarily highly-conserved homeodomain-containing transcription factor that belongs to the ANTP-class.^[7]

Function

In the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, Bsx has been demonstrated to be necessary for normal expression levels of the two orexigenic neuropeptides Agouti-related peptide and Neuropeptide Y.^[8]

In the pineal gland of the clawed frog Xenopus, Bsx is expressed following the circadian rhythm and controls photoreceptor cell differentiation.^[9] In zebrafish Bsx is required for normal development of all cell types within the pineal gland, including melatonin-releasing pinealocytes, photoreceptor cells and leftwards migrating parapineal cells,^[10] which in zebrafish are crucial for the establishment of brain asymmetry.^[11]

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000188909 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000054360 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Entrez Gene: BSX brain-specific homeobox".
↑ Cremona M, Colombo E, Andreazzoli M, Cossu G, Broccoli V (January 2004). "Bsx, an evolutionary conserved Brain Specific homeoboX gene expressed in the septum, epiphysis, mammillary bodies and arcuate nucleus". Gene Expression Patterns. 4 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1016/S1567-133X(03)00151-0. PMID 14678827.
↑ Ferrier DE (14 April 2016). "Evolution of Homeobox Gene Clusters in Animals: The Giga-Cluster and Primary vs. Secondary Clustering". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 4 36. Bibcode:2016FrEEv...4...36F. doi:10.3389/fevo.2016.00036. hdl:10023/8685.
↑ Sakkou M, Wiedmer P, Anlag K, Hamm A, Seuntjens E, Ettwiller L, et al. (June 2007). "A role for brain-specific homeobox factor Bsx in the control of hyperphagia and locomotory behavior". Cell Metabolism. 5 (6): 450–463. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.007. PMID 17550780.
↑ D'Autilia S, Broccoli V, Barsacchi G, Andreazzoli M (April 2010). "Xenopus Bsx links daily cell cycle rhythms and pineal photoreceptor fate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (14): 6352–6357. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.6352D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1000854107. PMC 2852004. PMID 20308548.
↑ Schredelseker T, Driever W (July 2018). "Bsx controls pineal complex development". Development. 145 (13) dev.163477. Cambridge, England: dev163477. doi:10.1242/dev.163477. PMID 29945867.
↑ Duboc V, Dufourcq P, Blader P, Roussigné M (2015). "Asymmetry of the Brain: Development and Implications". Annual Review of Genetics. 49 (1): 647–672. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-112414-055322. PMID 26442849.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000188909 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000054360 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: BSX brain-specific homeobox".

[6] Cremona M, Colombo E, Andreazzoli M, Cossu G, Broccoli V (January 2004). "Bsx, an evolutionary conserved Brain Specific homeoboX gene expressed in the septum, epiphysis, mammillary bodies and arcuate nucleus". Gene Expression Patterns. 4 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1016/S1567-133X(03)00151-0. PMID 14678827.

[7] Ferrier DE (14 April 2016). "Evolution of Homeobox Gene Clusters in Animals: The Giga-Cluster and Primary vs. Secondary Clustering". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 4 36. Bibcode:2016FrEEv...4...36F. doi:10.3389/fevo.2016.00036. hdl:10023/8685.

[8] Sakkou M, Wiedmer P, Anlag K, Hamm A, Seuntjens E, Ettwiller L, et al. (June 2007). "A role for brain-specific homeobox factor Bsx in the control of hyperphagia and locomotory behavior". Cell Metabolism. 5 (6): 450–463. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.007. PMID 17550780.

[9] D'Autilia S, Broccoli V, Barsacchi G, Andreazzoli M (April 2010). "Xenopus Bsx links daily cell cycle rhythms and pineal photoreceptor fate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (14): 6352–6357. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.6352D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1000854107. PMC 2852004. PMID 20308548.

[10] Schredelseker T, Driever W (July 2018). "Bsx controls pineal complex development". Development. 145 (13) dev.163477. Cambridge, England: dev163477. doi:10.1242/dev.163477. PMID 29945867.

[11] Duboc V, Dufourcq P, Blader P, Roussigné M (2015). "Asymmetry of the Brain: Development and Implications". Annual Review of Genetics. 49 (1): 647–672. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-112414-055322. PMID 26442849.

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