Borophagus hilli

Borophagus hilli
Fossil jaw, Florida Museum of Natural History
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Placentalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Canidae
Genus: †Borophagus
Species:
†B. hilli
Binomial name
†Borophagus hilli
C. S. Johnston 1939
Synonyms
  • Borophagus crassapineatus Olsen 1956
  • Osteoborus crassapineatus Olsen 1956
  • Osteoborus progressus Hibbard 1944
Reconstruction of Borophagus by Charles R. Knight, 1902

Borophagus hilli is an extinct species of the genus Borophagus of the subfamily Borophaginae, a group of canids endemic to North America from the Late Miocene until the Early Pleistocene.

Overview

Borophagus hilli was named by C. S. Johnston in 1939.[1] Though not the most massive borophagine by size or weight, it had a more highly evolved capacity to crunch bone than earlier, larger genera such as Epicyon, which seems to be an evolutionary trend of the group (Turner, 2004). During the Pliocene epoch, Borophagus began being displaced by Canis genera such as Canis edwardii and later by Aenocyon dirus. Early species of Borophagus were placed in the genus Osteoborus until recently, but the genera are now considered synonyms.[2] Borophagus hilli possibly led a hyena-like lifestyle scavenging carcasses of recently dead animals.

Taxonomy

Typical features of this genus are a bulging forehead and powerful jaws; it was probably a scavenger and a predator.[3] Its crushing premolar teeth and strong jaw muscles would have been used to crack open bone, much like the hyena of the Old World. The adult animal is estimated to have been about 80 cm in length, similar to a coyote, although it was much more powerfully built.[4]

Recombination

Borophagus hilli was synonymized subjectively with Borophagus direptor by Kurten and Anderson in 1980 as well as synonymous with Osteoborus crassapineatus, Osteoborus progressus. It was recombined as Borophagus hilli by Xiaoming Wang et al. in 1999.[5]

Fossil distribution

Borophagus hilli fossil specimens are widespread from east central Florida to southeastern Washington, from Idaho to New Mexico to Texas. Specimens were also found as far south as the Cuscatlán Formation of El Salvador, which also serves as the youngest dated specimen of B. hilli (Early Pleistocene, late Blancan faunal stage).[6]

References

  1. ↑ C. S. Johnston. 1939. Journal of Paleontology
  2. ↑ Wang, Xiaoming; Richard Tedford; Beryl Taylor (1999-11-17). "Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 243. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-03-20. Retrieved 2007-07-08.
  3. ↑ Lambert, David (1985). The Field Guide to Prehistoric Life. New York: Facts on File. p. 163. ISBN 0-8160-1125-7.
  4. ↑ Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 220. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.
  5. ↑ Wang, Xiaoming; Richard Tedford; Beryl Taylor (1999-11-17). "Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 243. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-03-20. Retrieved 2007-07-08.
  6. ↑ Soibelzon, L.H.; Romero, M.R.; Huziel Aguilar, D.; Tartarini, V.B. (2008). "A Blancan (Pliocene) short-faced bear from El Salvador and its implications for Tremarctines in South America". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 250 (1): 1–8. Bibcode:2008NJGPA.250....1S. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0250-0001. Retrieved 2019-02-21.

Further reading

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