Battle of Baneh

Battle of Baneh
Part of Ottoman–Persian War (1776–1779)

Baneh
Date22 April 1777
Location
Baneh, present-day Iran
Result Ottoman victory
Belligerents
Ottoman Empire Zand Iran
Commanders and leaders
Mehmed Pasha
Ahmad Pasha		 Saleh Khan
Casualties and losses
Unknown Heavy

The Battle of Baneh was a battle in the Ottoman–Persian War (1776–1779). On April 22, 1777, an Ottoman force under the command of Mehmed Pasha, the governor of Baban inflicted a defeat on the Persian army under Saleh Khan, the governor of Ardalan under the Zand Dynasty, at Baneh.

Background

Following the Zand dynasty's attack on the Baban Sanjak in Iran in 1774 and its siege and occupation of Basra on April 16, 1776,[1] the Ottoman Empire declared war on Iran on May 2, 1776.[2]

Battle

In the spring of 1777, the Ottomans attacked Ardalan from Baban. At the end of 1776, Karim Khan's commander, Nazar Ali Khan, had withdrawn from Kermanshah to the capital, Shiraz.

Meanwhile, the troops that Abdullah Pasha, the governor of Baghdad who had been appointed Serasker, was supposed to send, had not yet reached Baban by the spring of 1777.

Therefore, Hasan Pasha, the governor of Kirkuk and Shahrizor, launched an attack via the Mosul front without waiting for Abdullah Pasha and with permission from the Ottoman capital. Hasan Pasha assigned duties to Baban Mehmed Pasha, the governor of the Baban Sanjak, and his brother, Baban Ahmed Pasha, the governor of the Köy and Harir Sanjak, within the forces under his command. He sent Ahmed Pasha from the Zohab column towards Kermanshah, and Mehmed Pasha from Kara Çulan towards Sanandaj. However, this time the situation was the opposite of that of 1774; while Ahmed Pasha defected to the Iranian side,[3] Mehmed Pasha obeyed the order and advanced towards Baneh with the troops under his command.[4]

On April 22, the Ottoman unit encountered the troops of Saleh Khan, the Iranian governor of Baneh. After a three-hour battle, the Ottoman unit defeated the Iranian provincial army.[5] Then they invaded Baneh and advanced towards Sanandaj.

Aftermath

Baban Mehmed Pasha's victory against the Iranian corps on April 21 shocked Iran's military position in the region. To halt the advance of the Ottoman forces into Iranian territory, Khosrow Khan, the governor of Sine and one of Karim Khan's most valuable commanders, launched an offensive. However, in the Battle of Sanandaj on May 5th, the Iranian army suffered an defeat.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Perry 1979, p. 183.
  2. ↑ Aksun 1994, p. 427.
  3. ↑ Osmanlı Tarihi", İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara (1994), vol.4/1, p.461
  4. ↑ XIX. Yüzyılın ilk yarısında Osmanlı-İran Siyasî İlişkileri (1774-1848), Sıtkı Uluerler, Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ (2009), p.57
  5. ↑ Perry 2015, p. 190.
  6. ↑ Perry 2015, p. 190-191.

Sources

  • Aksun, Ziya Nur (1994). Osmanlı Tarihi. Istanbul: Ötüken Yayınları. ISBN 9754371458.
  • Perry, John R. (2015). Karim Khan Zand: A History of Iran, 1747–1779. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-66102-5.
  • Perry, John R. (1979). Karim Khan Zand: A History of Iran (1747-1779). University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226661025. Retrieved 17 August 2026.
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