B3 0651+428

B3 0651+428
Pan-STARRS image of B3 0651+428
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationAuriga
Right ascension06h 54m 43.52s[1]
Declination+42° 47′ 58.73″[1]
Redshift0.126000[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity37774 ± 600 km/s[1]
Distance1,818.0 ± 133.6 Mly (557.40 ± 40.97 Mpc)[1]
magnitude (J)14.07[1]
magnitude (H)13.42[1]
Characteristics
TypeBLLAC[1]
Size~224,000 ly (68.7 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Other designations
LEDA 2206435, 2MASX J06544356+4247588, 6C B065111.5+425203, VAS J0654+4247, 7C 0651+4251, 2MASS J06544352+4247587, RX J0654.6+4247[1]

B3 0651+428 is a BL Lacertae object[2] located in the northern constellation of Auriga. The redshift of the object is estimated to be (z) 0.126[1] and it was first discovered as an astronomical radio source by astronomers in July 1996 and such is found to contain a radio spectrum that is flat, thus being classified as a flat spectrum source.[3]

Description

B3 0651+428 is classified to be an elliptical galaxy based on R-band imaging, orientated at 146° with the total magnitude being 15.98 ± 0.04 and has an effective radius of 4.8 ± 0.1 arcseconds.[4] The optical spectrum of the galaxy mainly contains Lyman-alpha and ionized neon emission with the source shown mildly polarized at around 2%.[3]

The source of the galaxy is compact and it has a core and jet morphology based on observations made with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI).[5] When observed on parsec scales, it has a resolved radio core and a radio jet that is shown on one side.[6]

The jet is estimated to have an extension of around 40 milliarcseconds from the direction of the core with a measured position angle of -146°. Radio imaging at 5 GHz frequencies, also showed the jet has a collimated appearance that reaches up to about 15 milliarcseconds away from the core position.[7] There is a presence of a jet knot feature shown as polarized by 9% with its electric vector position angle mainly in parallel direction towards the jet.[6] A study suggested the core is the brightest known component.[8]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "NED Search results for B3 0651+428". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2026-04-19.
  2. ↑ Wu, Zhongzu; Jiang, D. R.; Gu, Minfeng; Liu, Yi (2007-04-01). "VLBI observations of seven BL Lacertae objects from RGB sample" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 466 (1): 63–73. arXiv:0706.0191. Bibcode:2007A&A...466...63W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066754. ISSN 0004-6361.
  3. 1 2 Marcha, M. J. M.; Browne, I. W. A.; Impey, C. D.; Smith, P. S. (July 1996). "Optical spectroscopy and polarization of a new sample of optically bright flat radio spectrum sources" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 281 (2): 425–448. doi:10.1093/mnras/281.2.425. ISSN 0035-8711.
  4. ↑ Nilsson, K.; Pursimo, T.; Heidt, J.; Takalo, L. O.; Sillanpää, A.; Brinkmann, W. (2003-03-01). "R-band imaging of the host galaxies of RGB BL Lacertae objects" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 400 (1): 95–118. Bibcode:2003A&A...400...95N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021861. ISSN 0004-6361.
  5. ↑ Antón, S.; Browne, I. W. A.; Marchã, M. J. M.; Bondi, M.; Polatidis, A. (August 2004). "The spectral energy distributions of the revised 200-mJy sample". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 352 (2): 673–688. arXiv:astro-ph/0404606. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.352..673A. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07961.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  6. 1 2 Bondi, M.; Marchã, M. J. M.; Polatidis, A.; Dallacasa, D.; Stanghellini, C.; Antón, S. (July 2004). "VLBA polarization observations of BL Lac objects and passive elliptical galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 352 (1): 112–124. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.352..112B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07903.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  7. ↑ Bondi, M.; Marchã, M. J. M.; Dallacasa, D.; Stanghellini, C. (August 2001). "Intermediate BL Lac objects" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 325 (3): 1109–1123. Bibcode:2001MNRAS.325.1109B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04519.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  8. ↑ Augusto, Pedro; Gonzalez-Serrano, J. Ignacio; Perez-Fournon, Ismael; Wilkinson, Peter N. (April 2006). "Flat-spectrum symmetric objects with 1 kpc sizes - I. The candidates". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 368 (3): 1411–1428. arXiv:astro-ph/0602511. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.368.1411A. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10227.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
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