Bürg (crater)

Bürg
Lunar Orbiter 4 image
Coordinates45°00′N 28°12′E / 45.0°N 28.2°E / 45.0; 28.2
Diameter41.04 km
Depth3.07[1] km
Colongitude332° at sunrise
FormationCopernican[2]
EponymJohann T. Bürg
Location of Bürg
LRO image

Bürg is a prominent lunar impact crater in the northeast part of the Moon.[3] It lies within the lava-flooded, ruined crater formation designated Lacus Mortis.[4] To the south and southeast is the crater pair Plana and Mason. To the west, beyond the rim of Lacus Mortis, is the prominent crater Eudoxus.[5]: 26 

The rim of Bürg is nearly circular with relatively little wear. The interior is bowl-shaped, and there is a large central mountain at the midpoint.[4] The spectra of the central peak fits a noritic gabbro mineralogy, which originated from a depth of 3.9 to 5.8 km.[6] Along the crest of this mountain some observers have noted a small, crater-like pit.[5]: 26  The crater has a ray system that crosses Mare Serenitatis,[7] and is consequently mapped as part of the Copernican System.[2] It is characterised by an extremely high rockfall density by lunar standards.[8]: 2 

To the west is a rille system designated the Rimae Bürg,[3] which spans a distance of about 100 kilometers.

Bürg is named for Austrian astronomer Johann Tobias Bürg,[9] who discovered Antares's companion star during an occultation event in 1819.[10] His name was introduced into lunar nomenclature by J. H. von Mädler in 1837.[11] This designation was officially adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1935.[9]

Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Bürg.[12]

Bürg[5]: 294  Latitude Longitude Diameter
A 46.8° N 33.1° E 12 km
B 42.6° N 23.5° E 6 km

References

  1. ↑ Pike, R. J. (September 1976). "Crater Dimensions from Apollo Data and Supplemental Sources". The Moon. 15 (3–4): 463–477. Bibcode:1976Moon...15..463P. doi:10.1007/BF00562253.
  2. 1 2 Wilhelms, Don E.; With Sections By Mccauley, John F.; Trask, Newell J. (1987), The geologic history of the Moon, USGS Professional Paper: 1348. Plate 11: Copernican System, doi:10.3133/pp1348
  3. 1 2 Grego, Peter (2005). The Moon and How to Observe It. Astronomers' Observing Guides Series. London: Springer-Verlag. p. 137. ISBN 1-85233-748-6.
  4. 1 2 Moore, Patrick (2001). On the Moon. Sterling Publishing Co. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-304-35469-6.
  5. 1 2 3 Bussey, B.; Spudis, P. (2004). The Clementine Atlas of the Moon. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81528-4.
  6. ↑ Cahill, J. T. S.; et al. (September 2009). "Compositional variations of the lunar crust: Results from radiative transfer modeling of central peak spectra". Journal of Geophysical Research. 114 (E9) E09001. Bibcode:2009JGRE..114.9001C. doi:10.1029/2008JE003282.
  7. ↑ Bart, Gwendolyn D.; Melosh, H. J. (April 2007). "Using lunar boulders to distinguish primary from distant secondary impact craters". Geophysical Research Letters. 34 (7) L07203. Bibcode:2007GeoRL..34.7203B. doi:10.1029/2007GL029306.
  8. ↑ Bickel, Valentin Tertius; et al. (June 8, 2020). "Impacts drive lunar rockfalls over billions of years". Nature Communications. 11: 1–7. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16653-3. eISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7280507.
  9. 1 2 "Bürg". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.
  10. ↑ Plotner, Tammy (2009). The Night Sky Companion: A Yearly Guide to Sky-Watching 2009. New York: Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 121, 319. ISBN 978-0-387-79509-6.
  11. ↑ Whitaker, Ewen A. (1999). Mapping and Naming the Moon. Cambridge University Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-521-62248-6.
  12. ↑ Grego, P. (2015). "Satellite Crater". In Hargitai, H.; Kereszturi, Á. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms. New York, NY: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_328.
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