Arctocyonia

Arctocyonians; Temporal range: Early Paleocene to Early Eocene
	Fossils of Arctocyon primaevus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Infraclass:	Placentalia
Grandorder:	Ferungulata
Order:	†Arctocyonia; Van Valen, 1966
Families
	†Arctocyonidae; †Oxyclaenidae; †Quettacyonidae

Arctocyonians (Arctocyonia; also known as "Procreodi") (from Ancient Greek ἄρκτος (árktos), meaning "bear", and κύων (kúon), meaning "dog", and thus, "bear-dog") are a clade of Ferungulata mammals whose stratigraphic range runs from the Early Paleocene to the Early Eocene epoch.^[1]^[2] While some classify arctocyonians as stem-artiodactyls,^[3]^[4] others have classified the group as members of Ferae.^[5] There are three families classified in the order: Arctocyonidae, Oxyclaenidae, and Quettacyonidae.

References

↑ Chew, Amy E. (2009). "Paleoecology of the Early Eocene Willwood Mammal Fauna from the Central Bighorn Basin, Wyoming". Paleobiology. 35 (1): 13–31. Bibcode:2009Pbio...35...13C. doi:10.1666/07072.1. ISSN 0094-8373. JSTOR 20445619. S2CID 129785602.
↑ T. R. Lyson; I. M. Miller; A. D. Bercovici; K. Weissenburger; A. J. Fuentes; W. C. Clyde; J. W. Hagadorn; M. J. Butrim; K. R. Johnson; R. F. Fleming; R. S. Barclay; S. A. Maccracken; B. Lloyd; G. P. Wilson; D. W. Krause; S. G. B. Chester (October 2019). "Exceptional continental record of biotic recovery after the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction". Science. 366 (6468): 977–983. doi:10.1126/science.aay2268. PMID 31649141. S2CID 204883579.
↑ McKenna, M. C. (1975). "Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia". In Luckett, W. P.; Szalay, F. S. (eds.). Phylogeny of the Primates. New York: Plenum. pp. 21–46.
↑ De Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2012-10-31). "Reassessment of the small 'arctocyonid' Prolatidens waudruae from the Early Paleocene of Belgium, and its phylogenetic relationships with ungulate-like mammals". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (4): 964–976. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.747531. S2CID 86402154. Retrieved 2020-02-26.
↑ Halliday, Thomas J. D.; Upchurch, Paul; Goswami, Anjali (2015). "Resolving the relationships of Paleocene placental mammals" (PDF). Biological Reviews. 92 (1): 521–550. doi:10.1111/brv.12242. ISSN 1464-7931. PMC 6849585. PMID 28075073.

[:8-1] Chew, Amy E. (2009). "Paleoecology of the Early Eocene Willwood Mammal Fauna from the Central Bighorn Basin, Wyoming". Paleobiology. 35 (1): 13–31. Bibcode:2009Pbio...35...13C. doi:10.1666/07072.1. ISSN 0094-8373. JSTOR 20445619. S2CID 129785602.

[:7-2] T. R. Lyson; I. M. Miller; A. D. Bercovici; K. Weissenburger; A. J. Fuentes; W. C. Clyde; J. W. Hagadorn; M. J. Butrim; K. R. Johnson; R. F. Fleming; R. S. Barclay; S. A. Maccracken; B. Lloyd; G. P. Wilson; D. W. Krause; S. G. B. Chester (October 2019). "Exceptional continental record of biotic recovery after the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction". Science. 366 (6468): 977–983. doi:10.1126/science.aay2268. PMID 31649141. S2CID 204883579.

[3] McKenna, M. C. (1975). "Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia". In Luckett, W. P.; Szalay, F. S. (eds.). Phylogeny of the Primates. New York: Plenum. pp. 21–46.

[4] De Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2012-10-31). "Reassessment of the small 'arctocyonid' Prolatidens waudruae from the Early Paleocene of Belgium, and its phylogenetic relationships with ungulate-like mammals". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (4): 964–976. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.747531. S2CID 86402154. Retrieved 2020-02-26.

[HallidayUpchurch2015-5] Halliday, Thomas J. D.; Upchurch, Paul; Goswami, Anjali (2015). "Resolving the relationships of Paleocene placental mammals" (PDF). Biological Reviews. 92 (1): 521–550. doi:10.1111/brv.12242. ISSN 1464-7931. PMC 6849585. PMID 28075073.

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