Anxau

Anxau
Total population
extinct by the 18th century[1]
Regions with significant populations
Southeastern Texas, U.S.
Languages
Coahuilteco variant
Religion
Indigenous religion
Related ethnic groups
Coahuiltecan, Pampopa, Payaya

The Anxau people (sometimes spelled "Xauno" and "Xana")[2] were a hunter-gatherer tribe of Coahuiltecan people.[3] They lived south of present-day San Antonio, Texas,[4] mostly near the Medina River between present-day Medina and Bexar counties.[5][6]

The Anxau are believed to have been affiliated with the Pastia people.[7][8]

History

17th century

In 1690,[9] early Spanish explorers and missionaries (including Damián Massanet)[10] encountered a number of ethnically distinct bands of aboriginal peoples near the Medina River who spoke a common Coahuiltecan dialect.[11][7][12] These tribes also shared similar societal values and traditions.[11] This group included the Anxau, Pampopa, Pastia, Payaya, and others.[12][13][14]

18th century

The Anxau people were extinct by the 18th century.[1]

Legacy

The tribe was cited in an archaeological survey of the land of Lackland Air Force Base.[15]

In 2010, a sculpture unveiled at the Texas State Capitol included the Anxau among a list of extinct tribes.[16]

References

  1. 1 2 Miller, Char (2000-12-08). "Afterword". The Texas Observer. Retrieved 2025-03-12.
  2. ↑ Campbell, Thomas Nolan (1985). Indian Groups Associated with Spanish Missions of the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park: T.N. Campbell and T.J. Campbell. Center for Archaeological Research, University of Texas at San Antonio.
  3. ↑ Baird, Bill. "A trek through the Medina River Valley is a journey into San Antonio's rich past". San Antonio Current. Retrieved 2025-03-12.
  4. ↑ "Heritage South Sector Plan" (PDF). City of San Antonio. September 16, 2010. p. B-34.
  5. ↑ Kenmotsu, Nancy A.; Wade, Mariah F. (2002). "American Indian Tribal Affiliation Study, Phase I: Ethnohistoric Literature Review". National Park Service. Retrieved 2025-03-12.
  6. ↑ The History of Rancho de las Cabras (PDF). U.S. Department of Interior. 1998.
  7. 1 2 Campbell, Thomas N. "Pastia Indians". The Handbook of Texas. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  8. ↑ Naylor, Thomas H. (1986). The Presidio And Militia On The Northern Frontier Of New Spain. University of Arizona Press.
  9. ↑ Foster, William C. (2010-01-01). Spanish Expeditions into Texas, 1689–1768. Univ of TX + ORM. ISBN 978-0-292-76250-3.
  10. ↑ "Indian Groups Associated with Spanish Missions of the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park (Indian Groups and Mission San Jose)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2025-03-12.
  11. 1 2 Jennifer L., Logan. "Reassessing Cultural Extinction: Change and Survival at Mission San Juan Capistrano, Texas". Coahuiltecan Language. NPS.gov. Archived from the original on November 10, 2004. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  12. 1 2 "Historic Camps and Crossings on the Medina and San Antonio Rivers". Beyond Texas History.com. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  13. ↑ "Who Were the "Coahuiltecans"?". BeyondTexasHistory.com. 2006-09-18.
  14. ↑ Clark, Patricia Roberts (2009-10-21). Tribal Names of the Americas: Spelling Variants and Alternative Forms, Cross-Referenced. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5169-2.
  15. ↑ Bousman, Britt. "Archaeological Survey of Lackland Air Force Base, Bexar County, Texas". Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State.
  16. ↑ Dean, Rob (2010). Santa Fe: Its 400th Year : Exploring the Past, Defining the Future. Sunstone Press. ISBN 978-0-86534-795-3.
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