A. R. Khan

A. R. Khan
HPk HJ HQA
اے آر خان
Official Military portrait, 1966
Minister of Defence
In office
12 October 1966 – 5 April 1969
PresidentAyub Khan
Preceded byAyub Khan
Succeeded byGeneral Yahya Khan
Minister of Interior
In office
5 December 1966 – 25 March 1969
Preceded byChaudhry Ali Akbar Khan
Succeeded byGeneral Abdul Hamid Khan
3rd Commander-in-Chief
Pakistan Navy
In office
1 March 1959 – 20 October 1966
Preceded byV/Adm HMS Choudri
Succeeded byV/Adm S. M. Ahsan
Personal details
BornAfzal Rahman Khan
20 March 1921
Kala Afgana, Punjab Province (British India)
Died27 June 1983(1983-06-27) (aged 62)
Karachi, Pakistan
Children3
EducationGovernment College, Lahore
Staff College, Quetta
Joint Services Staff College (UK)
Military service
Branch/service Royal Indian Navy (1940–1947)
 Pakistan Navy (1947–1966)
Years of service
1940–1969
RankVice Admiral
UnitNaval Executive Branch
CommandsPNS Tariq
PNS Tippu Sultan
Battles/wars
AwardsHilal-e-Pakistan
Hilal-e-Jurat
Hilal-e-Quaid-e-Azam

Afzal Rahman Khan[a] (20 March 1921 – 27 June 1983) better known as A. R. Khan, was a Pakistani former three-star rank naval officer who served as the third Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Navy from 1959 until 1966. He is noted for being the longest serving chief and was responsible for launching the submarine program in the navy.[1]

After his service in the navy, he served in President Ayub Khan's administration simultaneously as Interior Minister and Defence Minister. He left office shortly after General Yahya Khan succeeded Ayub Khan as President.

Commissioned in the Royal Indian Navy in 1940, Khan earned notability and prestige when he commanded the Pakistan Navy against Indian Navy during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Early life and education

Afzal Rahman Khan was born into a Pashtun family of agriculturalists in the village of Kala Afgana[2] in the Gurdaspur District on 21 March 1921.[3] His parents were Abdur Rahman Khan and Aziz Bibi Khan.[4]

He received his early education in his village and was later educated at Baring High School, Batala, and Government College, Lahore.[3]

Personal life

He married Hameeda in 1944 and they had three children, one son and two daughters.[4]

Service years

Royal Indian Navy (1940-1947)

He gained commission as a Midshipman in the Royal Indian Navy in 1940.[3][5] He was also trained in naval artillery at HMS EXCELLENT in the United Kingdom[3] and participated in World War II on behalf of Great Britain.: 190 [6]

He studied at the Staff College, Quetta from December 1945 to April 1946 and graduated with a staff course degree.[7] During this time, he was contemporary to Gopal Gurunath Bewoor (Indian Army), Iqbal Khan and Abdul Hamid Khan– all became generals in Indian and Pakistan Army.[7] He provided his gunnery services to HMS Duke of York at the time of the partition of British India and decided to opted for Pakistan in 1947.: 190 [6]

Pakistan Navy (1947-1966)

He did not participate in first war with India in 1947, instead he commanded a destroyer from Karachi to Mumbai to oversee the evacuation of Indian emigrants to Pakistan.[8] He was among the first twenty naval officers who joined the Royal Pakistan Navy (RPN) as a Lieutenant with a service number PN. 0006.[9] He was the third most senior Lieutenant in the navy in terms of seniority list provided by the Royal Indian Navy to the Ministry of Defense (MoD) in 1947.[9]

In 1949, he was promoted as Lieutenant-Commander and served as commanding officer of PNS Tariq, the first destroyer, when it was commissioned from the Royal Navy on 30 September 1949.[8] In 1950, he was promoted as Commander and commanded the Tippu Sultan and sailed on a goodwill mission to Middle East and Eastern Europe; he visited Jeddah, Malta, Venice, Athens, Istanbul, İzmir and Crete.[5]

In 1951, he participated in Task Force 91 that was held in Trincomalee Sri Lanka with the Royal Navy.[5] His career progressed well in the navy and helped establish the Naval Intelligence (NI) and helped establish naval bases in Karachi.[5]

In 1958–59, the Naval NHQ staff had been in a brief conflict with the Ministry of Defence over the rearmament issues which eventually led the resignation of Vice-Admiral HMS Choudrie.[10] Rear Admiral A. R. Khan took command of the navy on 1 March 1959 and was promoted to Vice Admiral on 26 December 1961.[3]

He earned public notability when he acted as a leader during the war with India in 1965 despite having prior no knowledge on covert operation in Indian Kashmir.: 24 [11] He oversaw the planning of and execution of the naval operation to attack the Indian Navy which earned him the prestige in the country.: 25 [11] After the war, he was publicly honored and was decorated with Hilal-i-Jurat by President Ayub Khan.[5][12]

In August 1965, Admiral A. R. Khan succeeded Air Marshal Asghar Khan as Pakistan's Military Adviser to SEATO.[2]

About the uprising and riots in East-Pakistan in 1969, Vice-Admiral A. R. Khan told the journalists that the "country was under the Mob rule and that Police were not strong enough to tackle the situation.": 130 [13] He served in ministerial post until 1969 when President Ayub Khan resigned and handed over the presidency to his Army Commander-in-Chief General Yahya Khan who suspended the Constitution.[5] In protest to the martial law, Vice-Admiral A.R. Khan resigned from his portfolio on 25 March 1969.[5][14]

After his resignation, Khan moved to Islamabad and lived a quiet life.[5]

He died in Karachi on 27 June 1983.[15]

Notes

  1. ↑ Urdu: افضل رحمان خان

References

  1. ↑ Pillar of Pakistan. "Chiefs of Naval Staff". Archived from the original on 1 November 2010.
  2. 1 2 SEATO Record. Vol. 4. Bangkok: Secretary-General, Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. August 1965. Retrieved 18 July 2026.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 NEW DEFENSE MINISTER APPOINTED. Pakistan Affairs. 1966. p. 192.
  4. 1 2 The International Who's Who 1974–75 (38th ed.). London: Europa Publications. 1974. p. 655.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Siddiqui, Kazi Zulkader. "Petaro; BOG bio". www.petaro.org. Kazi Zulkader Siddiqui, petaro. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  6. 1 2 Roy, Mihir K. (1995). War in the Indian Ocean. Lancer Publishers, Roy. ISBN 9781897829110.
  7. 1 2 "Notable Alumni of The College". Command and Staff College Quetta. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  8. 1 2 Virtuti Militari. "The First Destroyer". pakdef.org. « PakDef Military Consortium. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  9. 1 2 Kazi, KGN (11 January 2011). "The first few executive officers transferred to the Pakistan Navy on Partition". Flickr. Dr. KGN Kazi archives of 1950s. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  10. ↑ Nadia Ghani (11 July 2010). "NON-FICTION: The narcissist". DAWN.COM. Nadia Ghani, Dawn. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  11. 1 2 Anwar, Muhammad; Baig, Ebad (December 2012). Pakistan: Time for Change. AuthorHouse, Anwar. ISBN 9781477250303.
  12. ↑ Cardozo, Major General Ian (December 2006). The Sinking of INS Khukri: Survivor's Stories. Roli Books Private Limited, Cardozo. ISBN 9789351940999.
  13. ↑ Siddiqui, Kalim (18 June 1972). Conflict, Crisis and War in Pakistan. Springer, Siddiqui. ISBN 9781349013395.
  14. ↑ "Defense and Interior Ministries:Vice-Admiral Afzal Rahman Khan".
  15. ↑ Impact International. Vol. 13–14. 1983.
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