Abell 963 BCG

Abell 963 BCG
SDSS image of Abell 963 BCG.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationLeo Minor
Right ascension10h 17m 03.64s[1]
Declination+39° 02′ 49.85″[1]
Redshift0.205607[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity61,640 ± 9 km/s[1]
Distance2,965.0 ± 207.5 Mly (909.06 ± 63.63 Mpc)[1]
Group or clusterAbell 963
magnitude (J)14.15[1]
magnitude (H)13.05[1]
Characteristics
TypeBrCIG[1]
Size~841,000 ly (257.7 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Other designations
2MASX J10170363+3902500, Abell 0963:[BHB2008] BCG, LEDA 2142331, OGC 0046, RX J1017.0+3902, SDSS J101703.63+390249.3, WHL J101703.6+390249 BCG[1]

Abell 963 BCG (short for Abell 963 Brightest Cluster Galaxy) is a massive elliptical galaxy of Type-cD located in the constellation of Leo Minor. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.205[1] and it was first discovered in November 1965 by astronomers who categorized it as a supergiant galaxy which possibly contains a double nucleus.[2] It is the brightest cluster galaxy of an X-ray luminous galaxy cluster Abell 963.[3][4]

Description

Abell 963 BCG is the central dominant galaxy of Abell 963. It displays no signs of any emission lines in its optical spectrum.[5][6][7] It is also categorized as a fossil galaxy, with an estimated luminosity of 7.08 ± 0.21 × 1011 L☉ and a total stellar mass of 1.56 × 1012 M☉. The age of the BCG is estimated to be around 10.8 billion years.[8]

The core of the BCG has a red appearance based on its color profile shape.[9] The total ultraviolet (UV) star formation has been estimated as 2.70 M☉ per year.[10] A central velocity dispersion of 337 ± 6 kilometers per second has been calculated for the BCG.[11]

A study in June 1988 reported two patchy blue arc structures positioned on both sides of the BCG. The arc structures are located within the extended envelope of the BCG. The first arc is estimated to be located 18.5 arcseconds, with a position angle of 70°, while the other arc is located 12 arcseconds away from the BCG's center with a position angle of 30°. The BCG itself is both large and has an elliptical appearance with an estimated axis diameter of 110 kiloparsecs. The major axis of the BCG also bisects one or both arc structures.[12]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "NED Search results for Abell 943 BCG (LEDA 2142331)". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2026-05-14.
  2. ↑ Morgan, W. W.; Lesh, Janet Rountree (November 1965). "The Supergiant Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 142: 1364. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142.1364M. doi:10.1086/148422. ISSN 0004-637X.
  3. ↑ Stott, J. P.; Edge, A. C.; Smith, G. P.; Swinbank, A. M.; Ebeling, H. (March 2008). "Near-infrared evolution of brightest cluster galaxies in the most X-ray luminous clusters since z = 1". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 384 (4): 1502–1510. arXiv:0712.0496. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.384.1502S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12807.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  4. ↑ Lavery, R. J.; Henry, J. P. (May 1998). "The Velocity Dispersion and X-Ray Structure of Abell 963". American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #192. 192: 37.03. Bibcode:1998AAS...192.3703L.
  5. ↑ Ellis, Richard; Allington-Smith, Jeremy; Smail, Ian (March 1991). "Spectroscopy of arcs in the rich cluster Abell 963". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 249 (1): 184–190. doi:10.1093/mnras/249.1.184. ISSN 0035-8711.
  6. ↑ Sand, David J.; Treu, Tommaso; Smith, Graham P.; Ellis, Richard S. (March 2004). "The Dark Matter Distribution in the Central Regions of Galaxy Clusters: Implications for Cold Dark Matter". The Astrophysical Journal. 604 (1): 88–107. arXiv:astro-ph/0309465. Bibcode:2004ApJ...604...88S. doi:10.1086/382146. ISSN 0004-637X.
  7. ↑ Crawford, C. S.; Allen, S. W.; Ebeling, H.; Edge, A. C.; Fabian, A. C. (July 1999). "The ROSAT Brightest Cluster Sample - III. Optical spectra of the central cluster galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 306 (4): 857–896. arXiv:astro-ph/9903057. Bibcode:1999MNRAS.306..857C. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02583.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  8. ↑ Harrison, Craig D.; Miller, Christopher J.; Richards, Joseph W.; Lloyd-Davies, E. J.; Hoyle, Ben; Romer, A. Kathy; Mehrtens, Nicola; Hilton, Matt; Stott, John P.; Capozzi, Diego; Collins, Chris A.; Deadman, Paul-James; Liddle, Andrew R.; Sahlén, Martin; Stanford, S. Adam (June 2012). "The XMM Cluster Survey: The Stellar Mass Assembly of Fossil Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 752 (1): 12. arXiv:1202.4450. Bibcode:2012ApJ...752...12H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/752/1/12. ISSN 0004-637X.
  9. ↑ Bildfell, Chris; Hoekstra, Henk; Babul, Arif; Mahdavi, Andisheh (October 2008). "Resurrecting the red from the dead: optical properties of BCGs in X-ray luminous clusters". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 389 (4): 1637–1654. arXiv:0802.2712. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389.1637B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13699.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  10. ↑ Hoffer, Aaron S.; Donahue, Megan; Hicks, Amalia; Barthelemy, R. S. (2012-03-01). "Infrared and Ultraviolet Star Formation in Brightest Cluster Galaxies in the Accept Sample". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 199 (1): 23. arXiv:1201.3373. Bibcode:2012ApJS..199...23H. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/199/1/23. ISSN 0067-0049.
  11. ↑ Loubser, S I; Hoekstra, H; Babul, A; O'Sullivan, E (2018-02-23). "Diversity in the stellar velocity dispersion profiles of a large sample of brightest cluster galaxies z ≤ 0.3" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 477 (1): 335–358. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty498. ISSN 0035-8711.
  12. ↑ Lavery, Russell J.; Henry, J. Patrick (June 1988). "Two blue arcs associated with the cD galaxy of Abell 963". The Astrophysical Journal. 329: L21. Bibcode:1988ApJ...329L..21L. doi:10.1086/185168. ISSN 0004-637X.
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