2019 Indian general election in Karnataka

2019 Indian general election in Karnataka
18,23 April 2019
28 seats
Turnout68.81% (Increase 1.61%)
  First party Second party
 
Leader B. S. Yediyurappa Mallikarjun Kharge
Party BJP INC
Alliance NDA UPA
Leader's seat did not contest Gulbarga
(lost)
Last election 17 9
Seats won 25 1
Seat change Increase 8 Decrease 8
Percentage 51.38% 31.88%
Swing Increase 8.38% Decrease 8.12%
  Third party
 
Leader H. D. Deve Gowda
Party JD(S)
Alliance UPA
Leader's seat Tumkur
(lost)
Last election 2
Seats won 1
Seat change Decrease 1
Percentage 9.67%
Swing Decrease 1.33%
Prime Minister before election

Narendra Modi
BJP

 Prime Minister after election

Narendra Modi
BJP

The 2019 Indian general election were held in Karnataka on Two phases- 18 and 23 April 2019 to constitute the 17th Lok Sabha.[1][2]

Lok Sabha constituencies in Karnataka

National Democratic Alliance

Karnataka NDA seat sharing map
National Democratic Alliance
Party Flag Symbol Leader Seats
Bharatiya Janata Party B. S. Yediyurappa 27
Independent politician Sumalatha Ambareesh 1
Total 28

BJP support for Sumalatha Ambareesh

During the 2019 Indian general election, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) chose not to field a candidate in the Mandya Lok Sabha constituency and instead extended support to independent candidate Sumalatha Ambareesh. The decision was aimed at consolidating the anti-government vote against the Congress–JD(S) alliance, whose candidate was Nikhil Kumaraswamy, son of Chief Minister H. D. Kumaraswamy and grandson of former Prime Minister H. D. Deve Gowda. Mandya was regarded as a prestige constituency for the JD(S).

Sumalatha, the widow of Kannada actor and former Congress MP Ambareesh, entered the election as an independent after the Congress allotted the Mandya seat to its alliance partner, the JD(S). Although she met senior BJP leader S. M. Krishna, she chose not to contest on a BJP ticket. Her campaign received support from several leading Kannada film actors, including Yash, Darshan, and Sudeep, while some local Congress workers also backed her despite the alliance.

In the election, Sumalatha Ambareesh defeated Nikhil Kumaraswamy by 125,876 votes. Her victory was considered a major setback for the Congress–JD(S) alliance and a significant political success for the BJP's strategy of supporting an independent candidate without contesting the seat.[3]

United Progressive Alliance

Karnataka INC + JD(S) seat sharing map
United Progressive Alliance
Party Flag Symbol Leader Seats
Indian National Congress Mallikarjun Kharge 21
Janata Dal (Secular) H. D. Kumaraswamy 7
Total 28

The Congress–Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)) alliance contested the 2019 Indian general election in Karnataka as a pre-poll coalition against the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The alliance was formed after the Congress supported the JD(S) in forming the Karnataka government following the 2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election. Under the arrangement, H. D. Kumaraswamy served as Chief Minister while the Congress became the junior coalition partner. The two parties announced that they would jointly contest the 2019 Lok Sabha election in an attempt to consolidate anti-BJP votes in the state.[4]

The alliance entered the election with a seat-sharing agreement under which the Congress contested 21 of Karnataka's 28 Lok Sabha constituencies, while the JD(S) contested the remaining 7. A coalition coordination and monitoring committee, chaired by former Chief Minister Siddaramaiah with JD(S) leader Danish Ali as convenor, was created to coordinate governance and election strategy. The alliance expected effective transfer of votes between Congress and JD(S) supporters in constituencies contested by either partner.[5]

During the election campaign, the alliance highlighted its governance record in Karnataka and campaigned jointly against the BJP. However, the coalition remained under strain due to ideological differences, internal factionalism and disagreements over seat-sharing. Several Congress leaders and workers expressed dissatisfaction over constituencies allotted to the JD(S), while reports emerged of local leaders refusing to campaign wholeheartedly for alliance candidates. Prime Minister Narendra Modi repeatedly criticised the coalition, describing it as a "20 per cent commission government" and accusing it of corruption and dynastic politics. BJP leaders also alleged that the coalition government lacked stability.[6][7]

The alliance suffered a heavy defeat in the election. The BJP won 25 of Karnataka's 28 Lok Sabha seats, while the Congress retained only Bengaluru Rural, where D. K. Suresh was re-elected. The JD(S) retained only Hassan, where Prajwal Revanna won his maiden parliamentary election. Independent candidate Sumalatha Ambareesh, backed by the BJP, won the Mandya constituency.[8]

The alliance's poor performance was widely attributed to ineffective vote transfer between Congress and JD(S) supporters, dissatisfaction among party workers over the seat-sharing arrangement, and continuing internal conflicts within the coalition government. The results led to renewed speculation about the stability of the Congress–JD(S) government in Karnataka, with reports suggesting that disgruntled legislators from both parties could defect to the BJP. The defeat significantly weakened the coalition and marked one of the BJP's strongest electoral performances in Karnataka.

During the 2019 Indian general election in Karnataka, the Indian National Congress allotted the Tumakuru Lok Sabha constituency to its alliance partner, the Janata Dal (Secular), under the seat-sharing agreement. Former Prime Minister H. D. Deve Gowda contested from Tumakuru after vacating his traditional Hassan constituency for his grandson Prajwal Revanna. The decision led to a rebellion by sitting Congress MP S. P. Muddahanumegowda, who filed his nomination as an independent despite party directives to withdraw.

The Janata Dal (Secular) later requested the Congress to contest the Bengaluru North constituency, stating that it was unable to identify a suitable candidate. The Congress subsequently fielded state minister Krishna Byre Gowda against the BJP's sitting MP and Union Minister D. V. Sadananda Gowda. In the election, D. V. Sadananda Gowda retained the seat, defeating Krishna Byre Gowda by 147,518 votes.[9][10]

Voter's Turnout

First phase election on 18 April with highest voting recorded in Mandya of 80.24% and the lowest is recorded in Bangalore South of 53.48% as per the official announcement from Election CEO of Karnataka.

Poll Date State No. of. Seats Turnout (%)[11]
18 Apr 2019 Karnataka - Phase 1 14 68.96 Increase
23 Apr 2019 Karnataka - Phase 2 14 68.66 Increase

Candidates

List of Candidates

Constituency NDA UPA
# Name PartyCandidate PartyCandidate
1 Chikkodi BJP Annasaheb Jolle INC Prakash Hukkeri
2 Belgaum BJP Suresh Angadi INC Virupakshi Sadhunavar
3 Bagalkot BJP P. C. Gaddigoudar INC Veena Kashappanavar
4 Bijapur (SC) BJP Ramesh Jigajinagi JD(S) Sunitha D. Chavan
5 Gulbarga (SC) BJP Umesh. G. Jadhav INC Mallikarjun Kharge
6 Raichur (ST) BJP Raja Amresh Nayak INC B. V. Nayak
7 Bidar BJP Bhagwanth Khuba INC Eshwara Khandre
8 Koppal BJP Karadi Amarappa INC Rajashekar Hitnal
9 Bellary (ST) BJP Devendrappa INC V. S. Ugrappa
10 Haveri BJP S. C. Udasi INC D. R. Patil
11 Dharwad BJP Pralhad Joshi INC Vinay Kulkarni
12 Uttara Kannada BJP Anant Kumar Hegde JD(S) Anand Asnotikar
13 Davanagere BJP G. M. Siddeshwara INC H. B. Manjappa
14 Shimoga BJP B. Y. Raghavendra JD(S) Madhu Bangarappa
15 Udupi Chikmagalur BJP Shobha Karandlaje JD(S) Pramod Madhwaraj
16 Hassan BJP A. Manju JD(S) Prajwal Revanna
17 Dakshina Kannada BJP Nalin Kumar Kateel INC Mithun Rai
18 Chitradurga (SC) BJP A. Narayana Swamy INC B. N. Chandrappa
19 Tumkur BJP G. S. Basavaraj JD(S) H. D. Deve Gowda
20 Mandya IND Sumalatha JD(S) Nikhil Gowda
21 Mysore BJP Pratap Simha INC C. H. Vijayashankar
22 Chamarajanagar (SC) BJP Srinivasa Prasad INC R. Dhruvanarayana
23 Bangalore Rural BJP Ashwath Narayana Gowda INC D. K. Suresh
24 Bangalore North BJP D. V. Sadananda Gowda INC Krishna Byre Gowda
25 Bangalore Central BJP P. C. Mohan INC Rizwan Arshad
26 Bangalore South BJP Tejasvi Surya INC B. K. Hariprasad
27 Chikballapur BJP B. N. Bache Gowda INC Veerappa Moily
28 Kolar (SC) BJP S. Muniswamy INC K. H. Muniyappa

Background of Candidates

Lok Sabha Name of Candidate Background Party
Source[12]
Chikkodi Prakash Hukkeri Sitting MP from Chikkodi; Former five-time MLA from Hukkeri; Served as Karnataka Minister for Sugar and Agriculture Marketing; Senior Congress leader from Belagavi district. Indian National Congress
Belagavi Virupakshi Sadhunnavar Industrialist and educationist; Contested his first Lok Sabha election; Former independent candidate in the 2015 MLC election; Faced BJP MP Suresh Angadi. Indian National Congress
Bagalkote Veena Kashappanavar Former Zilla Panchayat member; Wife of former MLA Vijayanand Kashappanavar; Only woman candidate fielded by Congress in Karnataka; Represented the Panchamashali Lingayat community. Indian National Congress
Kalaburgi Mallikarjun Kharge Senior Congress leader and Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha; Two-time MP from Kalaburgi; Former Union Minister for Railways and Labour; Nine-time MLA from Gurmitkal. Indian National Congress
Raichur B. V. Nayak Sitting MP from Raichur; Son of former four-time MP Venkatesh Nayak; Belongs to an influential political family; Won the constituency in 2014. Indian National Congress
Bidar Eshwar Khandre Working President of KPCC; Son of senior Congress leader Bhimappa Khandre; Senior Lingayat leader from Bidar district; Faced BJP MP Bhagwanth Khuba. Indian National Congress
Ballari V. S. Ugrappa Sitting MP after winning the 2018 by-election; Senior Congress leader and advocate; Close associate of Siddaramaiah; Belongs to the Valmiki community. Indian National Congress
Haveri D. R. Patil Former four-time Member of Parliament; Veteran Congress leader from Gadag region; Belongs to the Reddy-Lingayat community; Contested from Haveri after constituency delimitation. Indian National Congress
Dharwad Vinay Kulkarni Former Karnataka Minister; Prominent Lingayat leader; Contested the 2014 Lok Sabha election; Loyalist of former Chief Minister Siddaramaiah. Indian National Congress
Davangere H. B. Manjappa President of Davangere District Congress Committee; Chosen after the party changed its original candidate; Senior Congress organiser in the district. Indian National Congress
Dakshina Kannada Mithun Rai President of Dakshina Kannada Youth Congress; Young Congress leader from Mangaluru; Known for promoting local cultural traditions; Backed by D. K. Shivakumar. Indian National Congress
Chitradurga B. N. Chandrappa Sitting MP from Chitradurga; Long-time Congress leader; Former Chairman of Karnataka LIDKAR; Associated with the party since 1989. Indian National Congress
Mysuru–Kodagu C. H. Vijayshankar Former two-time Member of Parliament; Returned to Congress after leaving BJP; Veteran politician from Mysuru region; Contested against BJP MP Pratap Simha. Indian National Congress
Bengaluru Rural D. K. Suresh Sitting MP from Bengaluru Rural; Brother of Congress leader D. K. Shivakumar; First elected in the 2013 by-election; Retained the seat in 2014. Indian National Congress
Bengaluru North Krishna Byre Gowda Karnataka Minister for Law and Parliamentary Affairs; Second-generation politician; Former Agriculture Minister; Five-time MLA. Indian National Congress
Bengaluru Central Rizwan Arshad Chairman of KPCC Communications Department; Contested the constituency for the second time; Young Congress leader from Bengaluru; Relied on JD(S) alliance support. Indian National Congress
Bengaluru South B. K. Hariprasad Senior Congress leader and Rajya Sabha MP; Former AICC General Secretary; Earlier contested against Ananth Kumar; Veteran parliamentarian. Indian National Congress
Kolar K. H. Muniyappa Seven-time Member of Parliament; Former Union Minister of State; One of Congress's longest-serving MPs; Represented Kolar continuously since 1991. Indian National Congress
Chamarajanagar R. Dhruvanarayana Sitting MP from Chamarajanagar; Two-time Member of Parliament; Senior Congress leader from the region; Faced V. Srinivasa Prasad. Indian National Congress
Chikkaballapura M. Veerappa Moily Former Chief Minister of Karnataka; Former Union Cabinet Minister; Senior Congress strategist and author; Represented Chikkaballapura since 2009. Indian National Congress
Uttara Kannada Anand Asnotikar Former BJP and Congress leader; Served as Karnataka Minister; Joined JD(S) before the 2019 election; Contested against Anantkumar Hegde. Janata Dal (Secular)
Vijayapura Sunita Devanand Chavan Wife of Nagthan MLA Devanand Chavan; Made her electoral debut in 2019; Only woman candidate fielded by JD(S); Contested against BJP's Ramesh Jigajinagi. Janata Dal (Secular)
Tumakuru H. D. Deve Gowda Former Prime Minister of India; Former Chief Minister of Karnataka; National President of JD(S); Shifted from Hassan to Tumakuru. Janata Dal (Secular)
Hassan Prajwal Revanna Son of H. D. Revanna; Grandson of H. D. Deve Gowda; JD(S) General Secretary; One of the youngest candidates in Karnataka. Janata Dal (Secular)
Mandya Nikhil Kumaraswamy Son of Chief Minister H. D. Kumaraswamy; Grandson of H. D. Deve Gowda; Kannada film actor turned politician; Made his electoral debut in 2019. Janata Dal (Secular)
Udupi–Chikkamagaluru Pramod Madhwaraj Former Karnataka Minister; Former Congress leader; Businessman from Udupi; Contested on a JD(S) ticket under the alliance. Janata Dal (Secular)
Shivamogga Madhu Bangarappa Son of former Chief Minister S. Bangarappa; Former MLA from Sorab; Actor and film producer; Contested Shivamogga for the second time within six months. Janata Dal (Secular)

Opinion Polls

Date published Polling agency Lead
NDA INC + JD(S)
Jan 2019 Spick Media 13 15 2
Jan 2019 CVoter 14 14  –
Date published Polling agency Others Lead
NDA INC + JD(S)
Jan 2019 CVoter 44% 47.9% 8.1% 3.9%

Results

BJP won 25 seats. INC won 1 seat and JD(S) won 1 seat .Independent (Supported by BJP) Won 1 Seat.

25 1 1 1
BJP INC JD(S) IND

Coalition wise - Party result

Parties Alliance Parties Contested seats Alliance contested seats Seats won
Bharatiya Janata Party[13] National Democratic Alliance 27 28 25
Sumalatha
(Independent)[14]		 1 1
Indian National Congress[15][16] INC + JD(S) 21 28 1
Janata Dal (Secular)[16] 7 1

Party wise

Alliance/ Party Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Contested Won +/−
NDA BJP 1,80,53,454 51.38 Increase 8.38 27 25 Increase 8
IND 7,03,660 2.00 Steady 1 1 Increase 1
Total 1,87,57,114 53.38 Steady 28 26 Steady
UPA INC 1,12,03,016 31.88 Decrease 8.92 21 1 Decrease 8
JD(S) 33,97,229 9.67 Decrease 1.33 7 1 Decrease 1
Total 1,46,00,245 41.55 Steady 28 2 Steady
Others 8,66,332 2.47 Steady 158 0 Steady
IND 6,64,181 1.89 Steady 265 0 Steady
NOTA 2,50,810 0.71 Steady
Total 3,51,38,682 100% - 507 28 -

Constituency-wise results

Constituency Winner Runner-up Margin
Candidate Party Votes % Candidate Party Votes % Votes %
1 Chikkodi A. Shankar Jolle BJP 645,017 52.89 Prakash Hukkeri INC 526,140 43.14 118,877 9.75
2 Belgaum Suresh Angadi BJP 761,991 63.12 Dr. Sadhunavar INC 370,687 30.71 391,304 32.41
3 Bagalkot P. C. Gaddigoudar BJP 664,638 55.17 Veena Kashappanavar INC 496,451 41.21 168,187 13.96
4 Bijapur Ramesh Jigajinagi BJP 635,867 57.16 Sunita D. Chavan JD(S) 377,829 33.96 258,038 23.20
5 Gulbarga Umesh. G. Jadhav BJP 620,192 52.10 Mallikarjun Kharge INC 524,740 44.08 95,452 8.02
6 Raichur Raja Amareshwara BJP 598,337 53.19 B. V. Nayak INC 480,621 42.72 117,716 10.47
7 Bidar Bhagwanth Khuba BJP 585,471 52.36 Eshwara Khandre INC 468,637 41.91 116,834 10.45
8 Koppal K. S. Amarappa BJP 586,783 49.28 Basavaraj Hitnal INC 548,386 46.06 38,397 3.22
9 Bellary Devendrappa BJP 616,388 50.44 V. S. Ugrappa INC 560,681 45.88 55,707 4.56
10 Haveri S. C. Udasi BJP 683,660 53.92 D. R. Patil INC 542,778 42.81 140,882 11.11
11 Dharwad Pralhad Joshi BJP 684,837 56.41 Vinay Kulkarni INC 479,765 39.51 205,072 16.90
12 Uttara Kannada Anantkumar Hegde BJP 786,042 68.09 Anand Asnotikar JD(S) 306,393 26.54 479,649 41.55
13 Davanagere G. M. Siddeshwara BJP 652,996 54.63 H. B. Manjappa INC 483,294 40.44 169,702 14.19
14 Shimoga B. Y. Raghavendra BJP 729,872 56.84 Madhu Bangarappa JD(S) 506,512 39.45 223,360 17.39
15 Udupi Chikmagalur Shobha Karandlaje BJP 718,916 62.43 Pramod Madhwaraj JD(S) 369,317 32.07 349,599 30.36
16 Hassan Prajwal Revanna JD(S) 676,606 52.92 A. Manju BJP 535,282 41.86 141,324 11.06
17 Dakshina Kannada Nalin Kumar Kateel BJP 774,285 57.55 Mithun M. Rai INC 499,664 37.14 274,621 20.41
18 Chitradurga A. Narayanaswamy BJP 626,195 50.24 B. N. Chandrappa INC 546,017 43.80 80,178 6.44
19 Tumkur G. S. Basavaraj BJP 596,127 47.86 H. D. Devegowda JD(S) 582,788 46.79 13,339 1.07
20 Mandya Sumalatha Ambareesh IND 703,660 51.00 Nikhil Kumaraswamy JD(S) 577,784 41.88 125,876 9.12
21 Mysore Prathap Simha BJP 688,974 52.27 C. H. Vijayashankar INC 550,327 41.75 138,647 10.52
22 Chamarajanagar V. Srinivas Prasad BJP 568,537 44.74 R. Dhruvanarayana INC 566,720 44.60 1,817 0.14
23 Bangalore Rural D. K. Suresh INC 878,258 54.12 Ashwath N. Gowda BJP 671,388 41.37 206,870 12.75
24 Bangalore North D. V. Sadananda BJP 824,500 52.84 Krishna Byregowda INC 676,982 43.39 147,518 9.45
25 Bangalore Central P. C. Mohan BJP 602,853 50.33 Rizwan Arshad INC 531,885 44.41 70,968 5.92
26 Bangalore South Tejasvi Surya BJP 739,229 62.14 B. K. Hariprasad INC 408,037 34.30 331,192 27.84
27 Chikkballapur B. N. Bache Gowda BJP 745,912 53.74 M. Veerappa Moily INC 563,802 40.62 182,110 13.12
28 Kolar S. Muniswamy BJP 709,165 56.32 K. H. Muniyappa INC 499,144 39.64 210,021 16.68

By-Polls Held

Constituency Winner Runner Up Margin
Source[17][18]
No. Name Date Candidate Party Votes % Candidate Party Votes %
2 Belgaum 17 April 2021 Mangala Angadi BJP 440,327 43.07 Satish Jarkiholi INC 435,087 42.56 5,240
The Belgaum Lok Sabha bypoll was held following the death of the incumbent MP, Suresh Angadi.

Post-election Union Council of Ministers from Karnataka

Source:[19][20]
# Name Constituency Designation Department From To Party
1 Nirmala Sitharaman Rajya Sabha
(Karnataka)		 Cabinet Minister Minister of Finance
Minister of Corporate Affairs		 31 May
2019		 9 June
2024		 BJP
2 Pralhad Joshi Dharwad Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
Minister of Coal
Minister of Mines
3 D. V. Sadananda Gowda Bangalore North Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers 7 July
2021
4 Suresh Angadi Belgaum MoS Ministry of Railways 23 September
2020 (Died)
5 Rajeev Chandrasekhar Rajya Sabha
(Karnataka)		 Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
Ministry of Jal Shakti
(Addl. Charge from Dec 2023)		 7 July
2021		 9 June
2024
6 Shobha Karandlaje Udupi Chikmagalur Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare
Ministry of Food Processing Industries
(Addl. Charge from Dec 2023)
7 A. Narayanaswamy Chitradurga (SC) Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
8 Bhagwanth Khuba Bidar Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

Assembly segments wise lead of Parties

Party Assembly segments Position in Assembly
Bharatiya Janata Party 170 104
Indian National Congress 36 80
Janata Dal (Secular) 11 37
Others 7 3
Total 224

References

  1. ↑ Singh, Vijaita (1 September 2018). "General election will be held in 2019 as per schedule, says Rajnath Singh". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  2. ↑ Vishnoi, Anubhuti (25 February 2019). "Lok Sabha polls dates soon after EC team's Kashmir visit". The Economic Times.
  3. ↑ "Actor Ambareesh's Wife Sumalatha Gets BJP Backing In Karnataka's Mandya". NDTV. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  4. ↑ "Congress, JDS To Fight 2019 Polls Together, Reach Karnataka Cabinet Deal". NDTV. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  5. ↑ "Congress-JDS Coalition A "20 Per Cent Commission Government": PM Modi". NDTV. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  6. ↑ "2019 results: With BJP sweeping Karnataka, will the Congress-JD(S) government survive?". Scroll.in. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  7. ↑ "India Election Results: BJP Sweeps Karnataka After State Poll Setback, Congress-JDS In Trouble". NDTV. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  8. ↑ "Election results 2019: BJP makes gains; JD(S)-Congress combine trails". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  9. ↑ "Tumukuru or Bengaluru North, Deve Gowda remains undecided". The Hindu BusinessLine. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  10. ↑ "How It Became HD Deve Gowda vs Ally Congress In Karnataka's Tumakuru". NDTV. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  11. ↑ Final voter turnout of Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the Lok Sabha Elections 2019, The Election Commission of India (20 April 2019, updated 4 May 2019)
  12. ↑ "Lok Sabha 2019: Full list of Congress-JD(S) alliance candidates in Karnataka". The News Minute. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  13. ↑ "BJP Shortlists Candidates For All 28 Lok Sabha Seats In Karnataka". NDTV.com. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  14. ↑ "BJP to support Sumalatha in Mandya Lok Sabha seat". Deccan Herald. 23 March 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  15. ↑ "Lok Sabha election 2019: JDS gives back Bangalore North LS seat to Congress". India Today. 25 March 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  16. 1 2 "Congress-JD(S) reach seat-sharing pact in Karnataka". The Hindu. 13 March 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  17. ↑ "Belgaum By Election : बेळगाव लोकसभा पोटनिवडणुकीची मतमोजणी, तयारी पूर्ण". ABP Live Marathi. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  18. ↑ "Karnataka bypolls: BJP leading in Belgaum". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  19. ↑ "3 MPs from Karnataka to be inducted as Union ministers". The Economic Times. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  20. ↑ "4 MPs from Karnataka to Take Oath as Union Ministers in PM Modi's New Cabinet". News18. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
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