2016 WPA World Nine-ball Championship

WPA World 9-Ball Championship 2016
Tournament information
Sport9-ball
Locational-Arabi Sports Club,
Doha, Qatar
DatesJuly 30, 2016–August 4, 2016
Tournament
format
Double elimination / Single elimination
HostWPA World Nine-ball Championship
Participants128
Final positions
ChampionAustria Albin Ouschan[1]
Runner-upUnited States Shane Van Boening

The 2016 WPA World Nine-ball Championship was the 25th edition of the 9-Ball pool World Championships. It took place from July 30 to August 4, 2016, in the al-Attiya Sports Arena of the Al-Arabi Sports Club in Doha. The Qatari capital was the seventh time in a row the venue for the 9-Ball Championships.[2]

Albin Ouschan defeated American Shane Van Boening 13–6 in the final and became the first Austrian 9-ball world champion.[3] This was the third Austrian World pool champion, after Gerda Hofstätter won the Women's WPA World Nine-ball Championship in 1995, and Oushchan's sister Jasmine Ouschan who won the WPA World Ten-Ball Championship in 2010.[4]

The defending champion was Taiwanese player Ko Pin-yi, who lost to Jayson Shaw in the last 64.

Format

The tournament was attended by 128 players, of which the top 24 players in the world rankings qualified automatically. A total of 92 starting places were awarded according to a quota by the continental and regional associations as well as the hosting Qatari association and event sponsors. From July 25 to 28, 2016, a qualifying tournament was held in which 128 participants played in three knockout competitions for the remaining 12 starting places.[5]

In the main tournament, the 128 participants were first divided into 16 groups of 8 players and competed there from July 30 to August 1 in the double knockout system against each other. Four players in each group qualified for the final round. This took place from August 2 to 4 and was played in the knockout system.[6]

The event was played in the change break format, and with the triangle of balls were moved up the table, so that the 9-ball was placed where the 1 ball would usually be placed.

Prize money

Amount[2]
Winner$40.000
Runner Up$20.000
Semifinal$8.000
Quarter final$5.000
Last 16$3.000
Last 32$2.000
Last 64$1.500
65.–96. Place$500
Total200.000

Preliminary round

[7][8][9]

Group 1

[10]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
Chinese Taipei Ko Pin-yi9
Algeria Mohamed Elraousti1
Chinese Taipei Ko Pin-yi9
Austria Mario He5
Lebanon Mazen Berjuai5
Austria Mario He9
India Shahbaz Adil Khan4
Germany Thorsten Hohmann9
Germany Thorsten Hohmann9
South Korea Jeong Young-hwa7
South Korea Jeong Young-hwa9
Qatar Waleed Majid5
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
Lebanon Mazen Berjuai1
Algeria Mohamed Elraousti3South Korea Jeong Young-hwa9
Lebanon Mazen Berjuai9
Qatar Waleed Majid4
India Shahbaz Adil Khan7Austria Mario He9
Qatar Waleed Majid9

Group 2

[11]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
Chinese Taipei Chang Jung-lin9
Hong Kong Lo Ho Sum5
Chinese Taipei Chang Jung-lin9
Philippines Jeffrey Ignacio7
Philippines Jeffrey Ignacio9
Poland Karol Skowerski4
Finland Petri Makkonen9
Qatar Abdul Aziz Alawadhi0
Finland Petri Makkonen4
Philippines Johann Chua9
Canada Francis Crevier8
Philippines Johann Chua9
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
Poland Karol Skowerski9
Hong Kong Lo Ho Sum5Finland Petri Makkonen6
Poland Karol Skowerski9
Canada Francis Crevier7
Qatar Abdul Aziz Alawadhi2Philippines Jeffrey Ignacio9
Canada Francis Crevier9

Group 3

[12]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
England Darren Appleton9
Italy Bruno Muratore4
England Darren Appleton6
Chinese Taipei Chu Hong-ming9
Chinese Taipei Chu Hong-ming9
Portugal Henrique Correia2
Bangladesh MD Almin9
Sweden Marcus Chamat4
Bangladesh MD Almin4
Russia Ruslan Chinakhov9
Kuwait Omar Al-Shaheen4
Russia Ruslan Chinakhov9
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
Italy Bruno Muratore8
Italy Bruno Muratore9Bangladesh MD Almin9
Portugal Henrique Correia5
Kuwait Omar Al-Shaheen9
Sweden Marcus Chamat4England Darren Appleton5
Kuwait Omar Al-Shaheen9

Group 4

[13]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
Singapore Aloysius Yapp8
Spain Francisco Sánchez Ruiz9
Spain Francisco Sánchez Ruiz9
Peru Christopher Tevez5
England Daryl Peach6
Peru Christopher Tevez9
Saudi Arabia Mohannad al-Ghumayz7
Qatar Antonio Gabica9
Qatar Antonio Gabica8
Austria Albin Ouschan9
Philippines Roberto Gomez6
Austria Albin Ouschan9
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
England Daryl Peach9
Singapore Aloysius Yapp5Qatar Antonio Gabica7
England Daryl Peach9
Philippines Roberto Gomez9
Saudi Arabia Mohannad al-Ghumayz2Peru Christopher Tevez3
Philippines Roberto Gomez9

Group 5

[14]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
Canada John Morra9
Ukraine Artem Koshovyi5
Canada John Morra2
China Zhou Long9
China Zhou Long9
Japan Aoki Ryoji2
Canada Alex Pagulayan9
Kuwait Mohammad al-Kashawi5
Canada Alex Pagulayan9
Vietnam Lương Chí Dũng4
Vietnam Lương Chí Dũng9
Chinese Taipei Yang Ching-shun8
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
Ukraine Artem Koshovyi9
Ukraine Artem Koshovyi9Vietnam Lương Chí Dũng8
Japan Aoki Ryoji8
Chinese Taipei Yang Ching-shun9
Kuwait Mohammad al-Kashawi4Canada John Morra6
Chinese Taipei Yang Ching-shun9

Group 6

[15]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
England Karl Boyes9
Qatar Mohammed Saeed5
England Karl Boyes9
Eritrea Hamzaa Saeed Ali3
Japan Naoyuki Ōi8
Eritrea Hamzaa Saeed Ali9
Iran Armin Mahmoudi5
Singapore Toh Lian Han9
Singapore Toh Lian Han9
Philippines Jeff de Luna6
Philippines Jeff de Luna9
China Wang Can6
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
Japan Naoyuki Ōi1
Qatar Mohammed Saeed2Philippines Jeff de Luna9
Japan Naoyuki Ōi9
China Wang Can7
Iran Armin Mahmoudi7Eritrea Hamzaa Saeed Ali9
China Wang Can9

Group 7

[16]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
Philippines Dennis Orcollo9
United Arab Emirates Abdullah Karmastaji5
Philippines Dennis Orcollo4
Philippines Ramil Gallego9
England Imran Majid6
Philippines Ramil Gallego9
Indonesia Irsal Nasution9
Qatar Ali Abdulhadi Almeri2
Indonesia Irsal Nasution8
Spain David Alcaide9
Germany Christian Götemann4
Spain David Alcaide9
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
England Imran Majid5
United Arab Emirates Abdullah Karmastaji2Indonesia Irsal Nasution9
England Imran Majid9
Germany Christian Götemann7
Qatar Ali Abdulhadi Almeri6Philippines Dennis Orcollo9
Germany Christian Götemann9

Group 8

[17]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
Greece Nikos Ekonomopoulos9
Poland Konrad Juszczyszyn3
Greece Nikos Ekonomopoulos9
Scotland Jayson Shaw5
Scotland Jayson Shaw9
Iraq Karar Abdulwahed3
Australia Justin Campbell7
Saudi Arabia Abdul Rahman al-Amar9
Saudi Arabia Abdul Rahman al-Amar8
Chinese Taipei Ko Ping-chung9
United States Robert Hart1
Chinese Taipei Ko Ping-chung9
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
Poland Konrad Juszczyszyn8
Poland Konrad Juszczyszyn9Saudi Arabia Abdul Rahman al-Amar9
Iraq Karar Abdulwahed5
Australia Justin Campbell7
Australia Justin Campbell9Scotland Jayson Shaw9
United States Robert Hart2

Group 9

[18]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
China Liu Haitao9
Hong Kong Andrew Kong Bu Hong6
China Liu Haitao9
Venezuela Jalal Yousef1
Venezuela Jalal Yousef9
United States Shaun Wilkie6
Netherlands Niels Feijen9
Qatar Abdul Latif al-Fawal3
Netherlands Niels Feijen6
Greece Alexander Kazakis9
Japan Satoshi Kawabata7
Greece Alexander Kazakis9
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
United States Shaun Wilkie3
Hong Kong Andrew Kong Bu Hong1Netherlands Niels Feijen9
United States Shaun Wilkie9
Japan Satoshi Kawabata9
Qatar Abdul Latif al-Fawal6Venezuela Jalal Yousef7
Japan Satoshi Kawabata9

Group 10

[19]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
China Chu Bingjie9
Algeria Nadim Okbani3
China Chu Bingjie9
Mexico Rubén Bautista1
Japan Hiroshi Takenaka5
Mexico Rubén Bautista9
Chinese Taipei Hsieh Chia-chen9
Poland Mieszko Fortuński7
Chinese Taipei Hsieh Chia-chen9
Iran Ali Maghsoud5
Iran Ali Maghsoud9
Finland Mika Immonen8
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
Japan Hiroshi Takenaka7
Algeria Nadim Okbani3Iran Ali Maghsoud9
Japan Hiroshi Takenaka9
Poland Mieszko Fortuński9
Poland Mieszko Fortuński9Mexico Rubén Bautista5
Finland Mika Immonen4

Group 11

[20]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
Philippines Warren Kiamco9
United Arab Emirates Omran Salem5
Philippines Warren Kiamco9
Germany Oliver Ortmann7
Germany Oliver Ortmann9
United States Skyler Woodward5
Bangladesh Sayeem Hossain2
Poland Wojciech Szewczyk9
Poland Wojciech Szewczyk3
Chinese Taipei Wu Kun-lin9
Chinese Taipei Wu Kun-lin9
Germany Ralf Souquet6
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
United States Skyler Woodward5
United Arab Emirates Omran Salem3Poland Wojciech Szewczyk9
United States Skyler Woodward9
Germany Ralf Souquet9
Bangladesh Sayeem Hossain4Germany Oliver Ortmann7
Germany Ralf Souquet9

Group 12

[21]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
Netherlands Nick van den Berg7
Japan Hayato Hijikata9
Japan Hayato Hijikata3
Spain Francisco Díaz-Pizarro9
Kuwait Abdulla al-Yousif7
Spain Francisco Díaz-Pizarro9
Indonesia Muhammad Simanjuntak9
Bahrain Fahad al-Jassas7
Indonesia Muhammad Simanjuntak6
Czech Republic Roman Hybler9
Czech Republic Roman Hybler9
Philippines Carlo Biado6
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
Netherlands Nick van den Berg4
Netherlands Nick van den Berg9Indonesia Muhammad Simanjuntak9
Kuwait Abdulla al-Yousif7
Philippines Carlo Biado9
Bahrain Fahad al-Jassas1Japan Hayato Hijikata8
Philippines Carlo Biado9

Group 13

[22]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
China Wu Jia-qing9
Qatar Ali al-Obaidly3
China Wu Jia-qing9
South Korea Ryu Seung-woo5
Peru Manuel Chau8
South Korea Ryu Seung-woo9
United States Óscar Domínguez9
Poland Mateusz Śniegocki8
United States Óscar Domínguez4
Estonia Denis Grabe9
Japan Tōru Kuribayashi2
Estonia Denis Grabe9
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
Qatar Ali al-Obaidly6
Qatar Ali al-Obaidly9United States Óscar Domínguez9
Peru Manuel Chau7
Poland Mateusz Śniegocki9
Poland Mateusz Śniegocki9South Korea Ryu Seung-woo5
Japan Tōru Kuribayashi7

Group 14

[23]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
China Li Hewen9
Lebanon Mohammed Berjaui4
China Li Hewen9
Qatar Francisco Felicilda4
Netherlands Marco Teutscher7
Qatar Francisco Felicilda9
Chinese Taipei Lo Li-wen9
Argentina Ariel Casto3
Chinese Taipei Lo Li-wen9
Japan Yukio Akakariyama5
Japan Yukio Akakariyama9
United States Shane Van Boening5
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
Netherlands Marco Teutscher1
Lebanon Mohammed Berjaui1Japan Yukio Akakariyama9
Netherlands Marco Teutscher9
United States Shane Van Boening9
Argentina Ariel Casto2Qatar Francisco Felicilda3
United States Shane Van Boening9

Group 15

[24]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
Philippines Lee Vann Corteza9
United Arab Emirates Salah al-Remawi5
Philippines Lee Vann Corteza9
Saudi Arabia Abdulla al-Shemmari7
Saudi Arabia Abdulla al-Shemmari9
United States Hunter Lombardo4
Philippines Rogelio Belleca Sotero9
Vietnam Do Hoang Quan6
Philippines Rogelio Belleca Sotero6
Russia Konstantin Stepanov9
Russia Konstantin Stepanov9
Chinese Taipei Chang Yu-Lung8
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
United Arab Emirates Salah al-Remawi9
United Arab Emirates Salah al-Remawi9Philippines Rogelio Belleca Sotero5
United States Hunter Lombardo6
Chinese Taipei Chang Yu-Lung9
Vietnam Do Hoang Quan2Saudi Arabia Abdulla al-Shemmari3
Chinese Taipei Chang Yu-Lung9

Group 16

[25]

Main RoundWinner’s Round
Qatar Bashar Hussain9
Algeria Abder Rehman Mebarki6
Qatar Bashar Hussain3
China Dang Jinhu9
China Dang Jinhu9
Germany Joshua Filler8
China Han Haoxiang9
Jordan Ahmed M. Salah8
China Han Haoxiang9
Chinese Taipei Cheng Yu-hsuan3
India Himanshu Dinesh Jain3
Chinese Taipei Cheng Yu-hsuan9
1st playoff round2nd playoff round
Germany Joshua Filler3
Algeria Abder Rehman Mebarki0Chinese Taipei Cheng Yu-hsuan9
Germany Joshua Filler9
Jordan Ahmed M. Salah9
Jordan Ahmed M. Salah9Qatar Bashar Hussain5
India Himanshu Dinesh Jain6

Knockout phase

[26][27][28][29]

Round of 64 Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarter finals Semi-final Final
            
Chinese Taipei Ko Pin-yi 5
Scotland Jayson Shaw 11
Scotland Jayson Shaw 11
Philippines Dennis Orcollo 6
Germany Thorsten Hohmann 8
Philippines Dennis Orcollo 11
Scotland Jayson Shaw 11
Ukraine Artem Koshovyi 10
Chinese Taipei Chang Jung-lin 11
Japan Satoshi Kawabata 7
Chinese Taipei Chang Jung-lin 7
Ukraine Artem Koshovyi 11
Philippines Johann Chua 9
Ukraine Artem Koshovyi 11
Scotland Jayson Shaw 7
Austria Albin Ouschan 11
Chinese Taipei Chu Hong-ming 3
Germany Ralf Souquet 11
Germany Ralf Souquet 10
Austria Mario He 11
Russia Ruslan Tschinachow 9
Austria Mario He 11
Austria Mario He 9
Austria Albin Ouschan 11
Spain Francisco Sánchez 11
Eritrea Hamzaa Saeed Ali 8
Spain Francisco Sánchez 6
Austria Albin Ouschan 11
Austria Albin Ouschan 11
Philippines Jeffrey Ignacio 7
Austria Albin Ouschan 11
Canada Alex Pagulayan 4
China Zhou Long 11
Chinese Taipei Chang Yu-Lung 7
China Zhou Long 8
Canada Alex Pagulayan 11
Canada Alex Pagulayan 11
Indonesia Irsal Nasution 8
Canada Alex Pagulayan 11
Indonesia M. Simanjuntak 7
England Karl Boyes 7
Indonesia Muhammad Simanjuntak 11
Indonesia M. Simanjuntak 11
Singapore Toh Lian Han 10
Singapore Toh Lian Han 11
Bangladesh MD Almin 6
Canada Alex Pagulayan 11
Chinese Taipei Ko Ping-chung 10
Philippines Ramil Gallego 5
Philippines Carlo Biado 11
Philippines Carlo Biado 11
South Korea Jeong Young-hwa 4
Spain David Alcaide 9
South Korea Jeong Young-hwa 11
Philippines Carlo Biado 9
Chinese Taipei Ko Ping-chung 11
Greece Nikos Ekonomopoulos 11
Philippines Jeff de Luna 7
Greece Nikos Ekonomopoulos 6
Chinese Taipei Ko Ping-chung 11
Chinese Taipei Ko Ping-chung 11
Poland Wojciech Szewczyk 9
Austria Albin Ouschan 13
United States Shane Van Boening 6
China Liu Haitao 11
Japan Yukio Akakariyama 4
China Liu Haitao 6
Greece Alexander Kazakis 11
Greece Alexander Kazakis 11
United States Óscar Domínguez 4
Greece Alexander Kazakis 11
China Chu Bingjie 7
China Chu Bingjie 11
Jordan Ahmed M. Salah 3
China Chu Bingjie 11
Poland Karol Skowerski 3
Chinese Taipei Hsieh Chia-chen 7
Poland Karol Skowerski 11
Greece Alexander Kazakis 9
United States Shane Van Boening 11
Philippines Warren Kiamco 7
United States Shane Van Boening 11
United States Shane Van Boening 11
Chinese Taipei Wu Kun-lin 5
Chinese Taipei Wu Kun-lin 11
Saudi Arabia Abdul Rahman al-Amar 10
United States Shane Van Boening 11
Kuwait Omar Al-Shaheen 5
Spain Francisco Díaz-Pizarro 9
Kuwait Omar Al-Shaheen 11
Kuwait Omar Al-Shaheen 11
United Arab Emirates Salah al-Remawi 4
Czech Republic Roman Hybler 5
United Arab Emirates Salah al-Remawi 11
United States Shane Van Boening 11
Chinese Taipei Cheng Yu-hsuan 9
China Wu Jia-qing 11
Netherlands Niels Feijen 9
China Wu Jia-qing 7
Estonia Denis Grabe 11
Estonia Denis Grabe 11
Poland Mieszko Fortuński 3
Estonia Denis Grabe 11
England Daryl Peach 6
China Li Hewen 7
England Daryl Peach 11
England Daryl Peach 11
Chinese Taipei Lo Li-wen 5
Chinese Taipei Lo Li-wen 11
Chinese Taipei Yang Ching-shun 10
Estonia Denis Grabe 3
Chinese Taipei Cheng Yu-hsuan 11
Philippines Lee Vann Corteza 10
Chinese Taipei Cheng Yu-hsuan 11
Chinese Taipei Cheng Yu-hsuan 11
Russia Konstantin Stepanov 8
Russia Konstantin Stepanov 11
Poland Mateusz Śniegocki 8
Chinese Taipei Cheng Yu-hsuan 11
China Dang Jinhu 8
China Dang Jinhu 11
Philippines Roberto Gomez 7
China Dang Jinhu 11
China Han Haoxiang 7
China Han Haoxiang 11
Iran Ali Maghsoud 7

Final

PlayerLagRackRacks
won
12345678910111213141516171819
Austria Albin Ouschan • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13
United States Shane Van Boening 1 1 1 1 1 1 6

References

  1. ↑ "Albin Is Ocean's Apart". azbilliards.com. Archived from the original on July 21, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
  2. 1 2 Ted Lerner (July 29, 2016). "2016 World 9-Ball All Set to kick off in Qatar". wpa-pool.com. World Pool-Billiard Association. Archived from the original on July 30, 2016. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
  3. ↑ Erich Matheis (August 4, 2016). "Albin Ouschan ist Weltmeister im 9er-Ball". oepbv.at (in German). Österreichischer Pool-Billard-Verband. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
  4. ↑ "Albin Ouschan tritt aus dem großen Schatten". kurier.at. August 4, 2016. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
  5. ↑ "World 9-Ball Championship 2016". CueScore. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  6. ↑ "Invitation World 9 Ball Championship 2016 (W9BC) July 25 to August 4, 2016" (PDF). wpa-pool.com. World Pool-Billiard Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  7. ↑ Ted Lerner (July 30, 2016). "The Middle East rises on the World Stage". wpa-pool.com. World Pool-Billiard Association. Archived from the original on July 31, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  8. ↑ Ted Lerner (July 31, 2016). "Fit, fresh and fabulous". wpa-pool.com. World Pool-Billiard Association. Archived from the original on July 31, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  9. ↑ Ted Lerner (August 1, 2016). "Pressure becomes the great Equalizer on Judgement Day". wpa-pool.com. World Pool-Billiard Association. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved August 2, 2016.
  10. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 1". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  11. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 2". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  12. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 3". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  13. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 4". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  14. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 5". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  15. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 6". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  16. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 7". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  17. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 8". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  18. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 9". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  19. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 10". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  20. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 11". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  21. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 12". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  22. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 13". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  23. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 14". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  24. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 15". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  25. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – group 16". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  26. ↑ "World 9 Ball 2016 – Final Round". online-brackets.com. Online Brackets. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  27. ↑ Ted Lerner (August 2, 2016). "Shaw, Shane go on the Offensive". wpa-pool.com. World Pool-Billiard Association. Archived from the original on August 3, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  28. ↑ Ted Lerner (August 3, 2016). "It's down to a fantastic four in Doha". wpa-pool.com. World Pool-Billiard Association. Archived from the original on August 3, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
  29. ↑ Ted Lerner (August 5, 2016). "Albin is Ocean's Apart". wpa-pool.com. World Pool-Billiard Association. Archived from the original on August 5, 2016. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
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