1900 Summer Olympics medal table

1900 Summer Olympics medals
Portrait of Alvin Kraenzlein standing, shown from about the chest while facing the camera.
American athlete Alvin Kraenzlein won four gold medals at the 1900 Summer Olympics, the most of any competing athlete.
LocationParis,  France
Highlights
Most gold medals France (31)
Most total medals France (112)
Medalling NOCs19
World map showing the medal achievements of each country during the 1900 Summer Olympics
Legend:
   represents countries that won at least one gold medal.
   represents countries that won at least one silver medal but no gold medals.
   represents countries that won at least one bronze medal (no gold or silver).
   represents participating countries that did not win medals.
   represents entities that did not participate at the 1900 Summer Olympics.

The 1900 Summer Olympics, now officially known as the Games of the II Olympiad,[1] were an international multi-sport event held in Paris, France, from May 14 to October 28, 1900, as part of the 1900 World's Fair.[2] A total of 1,226 athletes representing 26 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated. The games featured 95 events in 19 sports.[3][4] Archery, Basque pelota, cricket, croquet, equestrian jumping, football, golf, polo, rugby union, rowing, sailing, tug of war, and water Polo were contested for the first time at these Games.[5] Women competed in the Olympics for the first time during the 1900 games.[6] Athletes representing 19 NOCs received at least one medal. France won the most of every type of medal, while the United States won the second-most of every type of medal.[7] Spain,[8] Cuba,[9] the Netherlands,[10] Italy,[11] and Belgium[12] all won their nation's first Olympic gold medals. Belgium,[12] Italy,[11] Netherlands,[10] Cuba,[9] Spain,[8] Norway,[13] India,[14] Bohemia,[15] and Sweden[16] all won their nation's first Olympic medals of any kind.

In the early Olympic Games, several team events were contested by athletes from multiple nations.[17] During the 1900 games, athletes participating in mixed teams won medals in football, polo, rowing, tennis, and tug of war.[3]

Three rectangular Olympic medals shown in a display case
Gilt silver, silver, and bronze medals for the 1900 Olympic Games in the Olympic Museum collection

The 1900 Olympics is unique in being the only Olympic Games to feature rectangular medals, which were designed by Frédérique Vernon.[18] Gilt silver medals were awarded for first place in shooting, lifesaving, motor racing, and gymnastics,[19][20] while second place silver medals were awarded in shooting, rowing, sailing, tennis, gymnastics, fencing, equestrian, and athletics.[19] Third place bronze medals were awarded in gymnastics, firefighting, and shooting.[20][19] However, in many sports, medals were not awarded, with most of the listed prizes being cups and other similar trophies.[2] The International Olympic Committee has retrospectively assigned gold, silver, and bronze medals to competitors who earned first, second, and third-place finishes in order to bring early Olympics in line with current awards.[2] Alvin Kraenzlein won four gold medals at the 1900 Summer Olympics, the most of any competing athlete.[21]

Awards

Prizes worth a total of 953,448 francs were awarded to the athletes across the competitions.[22] Various cash prizes and art objects were awarded to the athletes.[2] In addition, medals and plaques were distributed, including the sports plaque designed by Frédéric de Vernon, available in gilt silver, silver, or bronze. Produced by Monnaie de Paris, the medal features two sides.[20] On the front, a winged goddess holds laurel branches high above her head, with Paris and the grand monuments of the Universal Exhibition visible in the background. On the reverse, a victorious athlete stands proudly on a podium, raising a laurel branch in his right hand. Behind him, a stadium and the Acropolis of Athens serve as a reminder of the deep connection between ancient and modern Olympic traditions.[23][24]

Medal count

A game of tug of war in the centre with a large crowd on the left.
A mixed team made up of athletes from Sweden and Denmark beat the French team to win gold in the tug of war at the 1900 Summer Olympics.[25]

The medal table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is consistent with IOC conventional sorting in its published medal tables. The table uses the Olympic medal table sorting method. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won, where a nation is an entity represented by a NOC. The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals.[26][27] If teams are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by their IOC country code.[28]  ‡  Changes in medal standings (see below)

  *   Host nation (France)

1900 Summer Olympics medal table[7][A]
RankNOCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 France*‡314140112
2 United States20131548
3 Great Britain‡208937
4 Belgium66618
5 Switzerland63110
6 Germany4329
7 Italy3205
8 Denmark1326
9 Mixed team1236
 Netherlands1236
11 Hungary1225
12 Cuba1102
13 Spain1001
14 Austria0336
15 Norway0235
16 India0202
17 Bohemia0112
18 Australia0033
19 Sweden0011
Totals (19 entries)969494284

Changes in medal standings

Reallocation of Olympic medals to club affiliation

IOC attribution policy

From the 1896 to 1904 Olympic Games, athletes were not always entered by nationality. While many competed under their National Olympic Committees (NOCs), others were entered by clubs, particularly in team events. In such cases, participation and medals could be attributed to the country of the club rather than the athlete's nationality.[29] Consequently,The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has applied an inconsistent approach for attributing participation and medals from the 1896–1904 Olympic Games over time, alternating between the athlete's nationality and the national affiliation of the club they represented.

  • Team events: Until 2024, the IOC classified all teams composed of athletes from different countries in the early Modern Olympic Games as mixed teams (IOC code ZZX), regardless of whether they represented an established club. Since 2024, teams representing a club have been attributed to the club's country, even if they included foreign athletes. Only ad hoc teams formed solely for the Olympic Games are now classified as mixed teams.[30][31]
  • Individual events: From 2021 to 2024, the IOC attributed medals in individual events according to the athlete's nationality, even when the athlete represented a foreign club. Since 2024, participation and medals have instead been attributed according to the national affiliation of the club represented by the athlete, largely restoring the attribution policy that had been applied for these Games prior to 2021.

A total of 21 medals from the 1900 Olympic Games, 8 in individual and 13 in team events, have been reallocated by the IOC since 2024.

†As a result of the reallocation, two countries — Canada and Luxembourg — are no longer represented in the official medal table of the 1900 Olympic Games.

Individual events

The below table list only the medalists, whose medals were reclassified in 2024 by the IOC.

   Denotes medal assigned by IOC to the athlete's registered NOC (club affiliation)
Medal Sport/Event Athlete (Nationality) NOC affiliation of club Pre-2024 reallocation Post-2024 reallocation Note
 GoldAthletics
Men's 2500 metres steeplechase		  George Orton (CAN) United States (USA)
University of Pennsylvania		  CAN[32][33]  USA[34][35] [note 1]
 BronzeAthletics
Men's 400 metres hurdles
 GoldAthletics
Marathon		  Michel Théato (LUX) France (FRA)
Club Amical et Sportif de Saint-Mandé		  LUX[36]  FRA[37] [note 2]
 GoldSwimming
Men's 200 metre freestyle		  Frederick Lane (AUS) Great Britain (GBR)
Blackpool Swimming Club		  AUS[38][39]  GBR[40][41] [note 3]
 GoldSwimming
Men's 200 metre obstacle
 SilverCycling
Men's 25 kilometres		  Lloyd Hildebrand (GBR) France (FRA)
Cercle des Sports de France		  GBR[42]  FRA[43] [note 4]
 SilverGolf
Women's individual		  Pauline Whittier (USA) Switzerland (SUI)
St. Moritz Golf Club		  USA[44]  SUI[45] [note 5]
 Bronze Abbie Pratt (USA)France (FRA)
Dinard Golf Club		 USA[44] FRA[45]

Team events

The below table list only the teams, whose medals were reclassified in 2024 by the IOC.

   Denotes medal assigned by IOC to the team's registered NOC (club affiliation)

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Figures in table reflect all official changes in medal standings.
  1. ↑ George Orton was Canada's first Olympic medalist and Olympic champion, although this wasn't immediately recognized. National teams did not exist in 1900, and Orton ran for the University of Pennsylvania and was therefore assumed to be American, but he always considered himself a proud Canadian.[66]
  2. ↑ Michel Théato represented a French club at the Olympics, so it had always been assumed that Théato was French. Athletics historian Alain Bouillé, however, discovered that he was born in Luxembourg.[67]
  3. ↑ Frederick Lane's nationality at the 1900 Paris Olympics is disputed. He was an Australian national although represented the Amateur Swimming Association of Great Britain and also swam for a British club, the Blackpool Swimming Club.[68]
  4. ↑ Lloyd Hildebrand's win in cycling was originally assigned to Great Britain, but in 2024 it was reassigned to France by the International Olympic Committee. The IOC stated that this happened because he "was born and brought up in France, and competed for a French club before and after Paris 1900".[69][70]
  5. ↑ At the time of the 1900 Olympic golf event, Pauline Whittier was a US citizen but was living in Switzerland and playing her golf at the St. Moritz Golf Club.[71] Abbie Pratt was also a US national in 1900 but she entered the Olympic golf tournament playing out of the Dinard Golf Club in France.[72]
  6. ↑ The team race was essentially a club contest, with the Racing Club de France taking on a team from the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA) of Great Britain. Australian sprinter Stan Rowley competed for the AAA, allowing the association to field a team.[73]
  7. ↑ At the 1900 Polo event, Foxhunters Hurlingham (GBR), BLO Polo Club Rugby (GBR), and Bagatelle Polo Club de Paris (FRA) won the medals in polo. All three podium teams were composed of players of mixed nationalities, reflecting the flexible team rules of the 1900 Games.[74]
  8. ↑ An "unknown French boy" is recorded to have participated as the coxswain for the gold-winning. mixed team (which was the Dutch team prior to his joining) in the men's coxed pair rowing competition.
    Believed to possibly be the youngest Olympic medalist in history, the identity of the boy remains to this day unknown. Despite being referred to as the "unknown French boy" in Olympic archives, his nationality is not known with certainty.[75]
  9. ↑ Only three teams participated in the inaugural rugby event at the Olympics and only two games were contested. France, represented by Union des Sociétés Françaises, played both Germany (FC 1880 Frankfurt)[76] and Great Britain (Moseley Wanderers),[77] the French winning both matches. The IOC classified the side from France, with Constantin Henriquez being from Haiti, until 2024 as a "Mixed Team". Further, André Roosevelt, an American born in France, was also on the French team.[78]
  10. ↑ The yacht "Ollé" of William Exshaw (GBR) was the winner of both races in the 2-3 ton class, over 19 km (one long and two short rounds). Helmsman Exshaw lived in France and had two French crew members, making it a multi-national team.[79][80]
  11. ↑ Victor Lindberg, a champion swimmer in New Zealand and Australia, arrived in England a month before the 1900 Summer Olympics. Selected by the Royal Life Saving Society and granted temporary membership in the Osborne Swimming Club, he competed in water polo and played in all three of the club' matches, winning a gold medal for Great Britain.[81][82]
    Lindberg’s nationality is complex: he was born in Fiji to Swedish and Irish parents and grew up in New Zealand, while representing a British club in Paris. Following the precedent set for the Australian Frederick Lane, he is classified as a New Zealander rather than British.[81][83]
  12. ↑ Libellule de Paris has been listed as having a player by the name of "Devenot", but Olympic historian Bill Mallon identifies this player as Jules Clévenot, who also competed in swimming events at the Games.[84] Their squad also included Bill Burgess, a Briton who would later become the second man to swim across the English Channel.[85]
  13. ↑ The French team included ten British nationals, two of whom were born in France, and two Frenchmen: as such, it is considered to be a mixed team,[86] though it is currently listed by the IOC as representing France.[87]
  14. ↑ The French team, representing the Racing Club de France, included 3 players who were later part of the gold-winning rugby team for France. Jean Collas, Charles Gondouin, and Émile Sarrade were all part of both teams,[88] while it is often misreported that another of their rugby teammates, the Haitian-born Constantin Henriquez was also on the tug of war team, but this was a case of mistaken identity due to their similar names, with Colombian-born Francisco Henríquez de Zubiría taking part in the tug of war.[89]
  15. ↑ At the 1900 Summer Olympics, an association football tournament was contested for the first time. Only two matches were held between the three club sides, and no medals were awarded. France's representatives were determined by the USFSA, which elected the Parisian champion Club Français.[90] For Belgium, after Racing Club de Bruxelles declined to participate, a student selection with players from the Université libre de Bruxelles was sent by the Federation.[91][92] The team was reinforced with a few non-students. English club Upton Park F.C. represented Great Britain.[90][92]
    The IOC originally credited Great Britain, France and a "Mixed Team" with gold, silver and bronze medals, respectively, as part of its attempt to reconcile early Olympic Games with the modern award scheme. The Belgian team included one British and one Dutch player. In 2024 the bronze medal was reallocated to Belgium.[93]

References

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  5. ↑ "New sports take a bow". International Olympic Committee. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  6. ↑ "Women at the Olympics". Pontifical Council for the Laity. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  7. 1 2 "Olympedia – 1900 Summer Olympics Overview". www.olympedia.org. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
  8. 1 2 "Medallas y Resultados – Comité Olímpico Español (COE)". Comité Olímpico Español (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  9. 1 2 "Cuba - Profile". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  10. 1 2 "Netherlands - Profile". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  11. 1 2 "Italy - Profile". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  12. 1 2 "Belgium - Profile". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  13. ↑ "Norway - Profile". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  14. ↑ "India - Profile". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  15. ↑ "Olympedia – Bohemia (BOH)". www.olympedia.org. Retrieved 2025-01-11.
  16. ↑ "Sweden - Profile". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  17. ↑ "1896 - Summer Olympics I (Athens, Greece)". TSN. Archived from the original on 18 June 2008. Retrieved 6 May 2008.
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  26. ↑ Ostlere, Lawrence (11 August 2024). "Olympic medal table: USA beat China to top spot at Paris 2024". The Independent. Archived from the original on 12 August 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  27. ↑ Araton, Harvey (18 August 2008). "A Medal Count That Adds Up To Little". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  28. ↑ Cons, Roddy (10 August 2024). "What happens if two countries are tied in the Olympic medal table? Tiebreaker rules explained". Diario AS. Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  29. ↑ "Olympedia – FAQ Nationality". Olympedia. Retrieved 11 February 2026.
  30. ↑ "Athens 1896 doubles men Results - Olympic tennis". Olympics. Archived from the original on 2024-09-03. Retrieved 2024-09-03.
  31. ↑ "Mixed team at the Olympics". Olympedia. Archived from the original on 2 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  32. ↑ "Paris 1900 3000m steeplechase men Results - Olympic Athletics (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. July 2022. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022.
  33. ↑ "Paris 1900 400m hurdles men Results - Olympic Athletics (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. June 2022. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022.
  34. ↑ "Paris 1900 3000m steeplechase men Results - Olympic Athletics". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  35. ↑ "Paris 1900 400m hurdles men Results - Olympic Athletics". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  36. ↑ "Paris 1900 marathon men Results - Olympic Athletics (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. August 2022. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022.
  37. ↑ "Paris 1900 marathon men Results - Olympic Athletics". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  38. ↑ "Paris 1900 200m freestyle men Results - Olympic Swimming (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. October 2022. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022.
  39. ↑ "Paris 1900 200m obstacle event men Results - Olympic Swimming (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. September 2022. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022.
  40. ↑ "Paris 1900 200m freestyle men Results - Olympic Swimming". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  41. ↑ "Paris 1900 200m obstacle event men Results - Olympic Swimming". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  42. ↑ "Paris 1900 25 kilometres men Results - Olympic Cycling Track (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. November 2021. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021.
  43. ↑ "Paris 1900 25 kilometres men Results - Olympic Cycling Track". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  44. 1 2 "Paris 1900 Individual women Results - Olympic Golf (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. October 2022. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022.
  45. 1 2 "Paris 1900 Individual women Results - Olympic Golf". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  46. ↑ "Paris 1900 5000m team men Results - Olympic Athletics (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. June 2022. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022.
  47. ↑ "Paris 1900 5000m team men Results - Olympic Athletics". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  48. 1 2 3 "Paris 1900 polo men Results - Olympic (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. December 2022. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022.
  49. 1 2 3 "Paris 1900 polo men Results - Olympic". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  50. ↑ "Paris 1900 pair-oared shell with coxswain men Results - Olympic Rowing (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. August 2022. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022.
  51. ↑ "Paris 1900 pair-oared shell with coxswain men Results - Olympic Rowing". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  52. ↑ "Paris 1900 rugby men Results - Olympic (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. December 2022. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022.
  53. ↑ "Paris 1900 rugby men Results - Olympic". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  54. ↑ "Paris 1900 2-3t mixed Results - Olympic Sailing (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. July 2022. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022.
  55. ↑ "Paris 1900 2-3t mixed Results - Olympic Sailing". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  56. ↑ "Paris 1900 2-3 Ton Race Two Open Results - Olympic sailing (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. July 2022. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022.
  57. ↑ IOC. "Paris 1900 2–3 Ton Race Two Open Results – Olympic sailing". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2026-07-27.
  58. 1 2 "Paris 1900 water polo men Results – Olympic water-polo (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. January 2022. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022.
  59. 1 2 IOC. "Paris 1900 water polo men Results – Olympic water-polo". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2026-07-27.
  60. ↑ "Paris 1900 cricket men Results - Olympic cricket (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. November 2022. Archived from the original on 21 November 2022.
  61. ↑ IOC. "Paris 1900 cricket men Results - Olympic cricket". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2026-07-27.
  62. ↑ "Paris 1900 tug of war men Results – Olympic tug-of-war (pre-2024)". International Olympic Committee. October 2022. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022.
  63. ↑ IOC. "Paris 1900 tug of war men Results – Olympic tug-of-war". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2026-07-27.
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Bibliography

  • Mallon, Bill (2009). The 1900 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary. Results of the early modern Olympics. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-4064-1.
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