Windward Antilles
Windward Islands Îles du Vent (French) Bovenwindse Eilanden (Dutch) Islanan riba di bientu (Papiamento) Islas de Barlovento (Spanish) | |
|---|---|
 Location within the Caribbean | |
 Location within the Caribbean (Excluiding Trinidad and Tobago). | |
| Region | Caribbean |
| Island States | 21
|
| Area | |
• Total | 12,000 km2 (4,600 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 3,500,000 |
| • Density | 291.66/km2 (755.4/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Windward Antillean |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (AST) |
.svg.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
The Windward Antilles are a group of islands part of the Lesser Antilles, forming a volcanic arc to the East of the Caribbean Sea, preferably subdivided in English into:
- The "Leeward Islands" (the northeastern subgroup), between the Virgin Islands and Dominica.
- The "Windward Islands" (the southeastern subgroup), between Martinique and Grenada, generally extended to Trinidad and Tobago.
Terminological use
This term is almost completely absent in the English language. Although it is common in Spanish, French and Dutch, in English, it is sometimes used in reference to the Windward Antillean SSS Islands in contraposition to the Leeward Antillean ABC Islands in Dutch contexts. The table below provides a comparison across different local languages.
| Language | Windward Antilles | Leeward Antilles | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spanish, French, Dutch and Papiamentu. | Islas de Barlovento (Spanish) Îles du Vent (French), Bovenwindse eilanden (Dutch) and Islanan riba di bientu (Papiamentu). |
 Islas de Sotavento (Spanish) Îles Sous-le-Vent (French), Benedenwindse eilanden (Dutch) and Islanan bou di bientu (Papiamentu). | |
| English |  Windward Islands |
 Leeward Islands |
Leeward Antilles |
Geographic Distribution
Windward Antilles are the following (from North to South):
.svg.png)
Political Status
13 countries clame the sovereignty of the Windward Antilles. 8 of these are totally part of the islands (Trinidad and Tobago, Dominica, Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada and Barbados). The other 5 countries have most of their territory outside of the region (France, the USA, the Netherlands, the UK and Venezuela).
The Windward Antilles, part of the Lesser Antilles of the Caribbean sea, have a surface of almost 12,000 km² (more than 4600 sq mi) and more than 2 thirds belong to only two countries: Trinidad and Tobago (with 5100 km² or 1970 sq mi totally part of the region) and France (2800 km² or 1080 sq mi of French territory in the Antilles).
Demography
Trinidad and Tobago (with almost 1,4 million people), plus the French territories (Guadaloupe, Martinique, Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthélemy, with almost 0,9 million people), represent almost two thirds of the Windward Antillean population from a total of 3,5 million people.
The local population mostly consists of Afrodescendants, racially mixed people from Indigenous peoples and descendants of centuries-old migrations, recent immigrants from other Antillean islands and a very small minority of European descendants.
Languages
English and French are the official and most spoken languages in the Windward Antilles.
Saint Martin island is the only one where both languages are the most prevalent ones but French is the only local official language due two the island being a territory of France (Slightly more than the northern half, part of the European Union) and the Kingdom of the Netherlands (southern half of the island), leaving Dutch as the official language of the Dutch side of the island.
Oostindie claims that on the Dutch Windward Antilles, the SSS Islands, English is the vernacular languages unlike on the Dutch Leeward Antilles, the ABC Islands, where Papiamentu is the vernacular, although all of these territories share Dutch as the official language.[1] Sint Maarten stands out because Dutch is not even the second most spoken language due to Spanish-speaking and Haitian Creole-speaking immigrants.[2]
Caribbean English and French-based creoles are the most spoken linguistic varieties in the region. Some Islands use English as the co-official language with Dutch, but the latter is scarcely used. Other common regional languages are Papiamentu and Spanish.
The indigenous languages of the islands became extinct. The languages spoken by Subsaharan Africans brought to the islands could not survive either. Although both groups left a substrate on both English and French-based creoles.
See also
References
- ↑ Oostindie, Gert (2003). Decolonising the Caribbean: Dutch Policies in a Comparative Perspective. Amsterdam University Press. p. 201. ISBN 978-90-485-0529-6.
- ↑ Oostindie, Gert (January 1, 2011). "Dutch Antilles". World Scholar: Latin America & the Caribbean.