Voisava Kastrioti

Voisava
The Dream of Skanderbeg's Mother – Jörg Breu II 1533
Other namesJella (Gjela),[1] Vojsava, Vojislava
BornPolog, likely a reference to the Polog valley
Noble familyKastrioti (by marriage)
Spouse
​
(m. 1390)​
Issue
Reposh Kastrioti
Stanisha Kastrioti
Kostandin Kastrioti
Mara Kastrioti
Gjergj Kastrioti
Jelena Kastrioti
Mamica Kastrioti
Angelina Kastrioti
Vlajka Kastrioti

Voisava was a Bulgarian noblewoman and wife of Gjon Kastrioti, an Albanian feudal lord from the House of Kastrioti.[2][3][4][5][6] They had nine children together, one of whom was the Albanian national hero Gjergj Kastrioti, better known as Skanderbeg.[7]

Early life

The wife of Gjon Kastrioti is mentioned for the first time by Albanian authors Marin Barleti and Gjon Muzaka about 70–80 years after her death as Voisava. Both authors lived in the immediate generation after Skanderbeg's death and mention her origin as being in the Polog region. Barleti explicitly states that Polog stretches from the mountains of Mokra in southern Albania to Skopje,[8][9] and that it is part of the land of Bulgaria.[10] The present-day region of Polog in northwestern North Macedonia has approximately the same location and was first mentioned under this name by Anna Komnene in 1148.[11] The name remained in wide circulation during the Serbian rule of northern Macedonia and after its fall to the Ottomans in the late 1300s.[12][13] It has also been suggested that another Polog, closer to the town of Bitola in the plain of Pelagonia, may be the location of the Polog mentioned by Barleti.[14] The only archival reference to her name is a notary act from the archives of the Republic of Ragusa dated July 10, 1439, which names Gjon Kastrioti's widow Jella.[15]

Origin

The issue of the origin of Voisava has been a matter of a lot of speculation among scholars. In his biography of Skanderbeg published in Venice in 1504, Albanian historian and priest Marin Barleti describes her father as nobilissimus Tribalorum princeps (the most noble prince of the Triballi) and then repeatedly explains that Triballi is just another name for Bulgarians and that Polog, where Voislava was from, is part of the land of the Bulgarians.[3][4][5] Therefore, a number of historians, including, e.g., Biçoku and Makušev have argued for a Bulgarian origin of Voislava.[16][17] In 1510, Albanian nobleman Gjon Muzaka wrote in his Muzaka chronicles that Voisava (whom he refers to as Voisava Tripalda) was related to his mother's family. Although he does not explicitly asserts that Voisava was Albanian, a number of other historians have posited that she came from the Albanian Muzaka family.[18] However, according to Chistyakova, Muzaka's claim was only meant to justify the Muzakas’ ancestral rights to all of Albania.[19] Finally, based on the fact that Polog at the time was ruled by the Serbian Branković dynasty, a modern theory interprets the reference to a nobilissimus Tribalorum princeps as an indication that Voisava was of Serbian origin. However, there are no primary or archival sources that connect Voisava to the Branković family.[16]

Etymology

The name Voisava is a feminine rendition of the Slavic name Vojislav from voj (war, struggle) and slava (fame, glory).[20][21][22][23] As the name was in use among the Albanian nobility, with, e.g., Karl Thopia and Gjergj Arianiti both having daughters named Voisava, Omari has suggested that the name did not have a particular ethnic affiliation in the region.[24] However, Russian linguist Selishchev has argued that mixed marriages, especially between Albanian men and Slavic women, were common at the time and that Slavonic was ordinarily used alongside Latin in Albanian noblemen's chanceries.[25][26]

Family

Voisava married the Albanian feudal landowner Gjon Kastrioti, who ruled in a region of Albania (dominus partium Albanie) which corresponds roughly to the areas between Mat and Dibër.[27][28] The marriage likely happened around 1390.[29] The family was closely linked to Orthodoxy, as shown by the foundation of the so-called "Albanian Tower" (Serbian: Arbanaški pirg) in Hilandar and the monastic life of Gjon's son Reposh.[30][31] She bore 9 children to Gjon, four sons and five daughters:

Early sources

The earliest works mentioning Voisava are:

  • Marin Barleti, an Albanian-Venetian historian, wrote in his biography of Skanderbeg, Historia de vita et gestis Scanderbegi Epirotarvm principis, which was originally published in Venice in 1504, that Voisava's father was "a noble prince (or ruler) of the Triballi" (pater nobilissimus Triballorum princeps).[18] Subsequently, he repeatedly clarified that he uses Triballi is a synonym for Bulgarians.[4][3] Barleti is the only contemporary writer who explicitly describes Voisava's origin.
  • Gjon Muzaka, a member of the Albanian Muzaka family in Italy, mentioned her in his chronicle first as Visava Tribalda[46] and then as Voisava Tripalda, and says that she "came from a beautiful place".[47] Furthermore, Muzaka states that his mother's side is related to Voisava's father.[48] This led Fan Noli and Harry Hodgkinson to theorize that Voisava was a Muzaka. According to William Miller,[20] and Johann Georg von Hahn, the surname (Tripalda) added by Muzaka is a corruption, a derivative from Barleti's quote on the Triballi.[49]
  • Andrea Angelo Comneno, a member of the Albanian Engjëlli family from Drisht mentioned her in his 1551 work titled "Genealogia d'imperatori romani et constantinopolitani et de regi prencipi et signori che da Isatio Angelo & Vespasiano imperatore suo nipote son discesi, per infino al presente anno 1551" links her to the Muzaka family. This medieval Italian text, preserved in the National Central Library of Florence, states: "Coi de Musachia ha generato Voissaua ch'hebbe Iuuam Castriotto signor di Croia et del conta do detto Emathia," meaning, "From the house of Muzaka descends Voisava, the wife of Gjon Kastrioti, Lord of Krujë and Count of Emathia (Mat)."[50]

In historiography

Albanian origin

  • Johann Georg von Hahn (1811–1869), a German expert in Albanian studies, had several theses on the genealogy of Albanian noble families in Albanesische Studien (1854). In Reise durch die Gebiete von Drin und Wardar (1867/69), he theorized that if one of Vrana Konti's descendants held the title "Marchese di Tripalda," then Vrana and Voisava Tripalda might have been related by blood.[51]
  • Fan Noli (1882–1965), an Albanian-American writer, in his 1947 biography of Skanderbeg, adopted the view that she came from the Muzaka family.[52]
  • Harry Hodgkinson (1913–1994), a British writer and Balkans expert with strong pro-Albanian and anti-Serbian and anti-Bulgarian positions,[53] considered her a member of the Muzaka family, as well.[54] However, Oliver Schmitt has stated that Hodgkinson had done no archival research.[55]
  • Boško Bojović, a Serbian medievalist with a research focus on the relations of the Kastrioti family to Mount Athos (Hilandar), considers her a member of the Muzaka family.[56]

Bulgarian origin

  • Strashimir Dimitrov (1892–1960), a Bulgarian historian, states that she was a daughter of a local Bulgarian lord (boyar) from Polog, which is part of Macedonia and Bulgaria.[57]
  • Vikentij Makušev, a Russian Slavist and Albanologist, asserts that Voisava was the daughter of a local Bulgarian noble from Polog.[17]
  • Kasëm Biçoku, an Albanian historian, states that in Barleti's work, the name Triballian is used as a synonym for Bulgarian. According to Biçoku, there is no existing archival evidence to support the assumption that Voisava was a member of the Brankovic family.[16]
  • Georgi Traychev, a Bulgarian ethnographer, historian and revolutionary, traces the origin of Voisava to a Bulgarian noble family from the region of Upper Reka (around the present-day village of Mavrovo in North Macedonia), which used to be part of Upper Polog in the Late Middle Ages.[58]
  • Spas Tashev, a Bulgarian demographer and historian, reiterates that Voisava was the daughter of a Bulgarian boyar from Polog.[59]
  • Nataliya Chistyakova, a Russian historian and classical philologist, states in the notes to the Russian translation of Barleti's biography of Skanderbeg that Barleti makes it very clear that Voisava is the daughter of the Prince the Triballi and that the Triballi themselves are also referred to as Bulgarians; according to her, all primary sources point to Voisava's Slavic origin.[60]

Serbian origin

  • Karl Hopf (1832–1873), a German historian and expert in Byzantine studies, in Chroniques Greco-romanes (1873), concluded that she was the daughter of a Serbian lord from Polog.[61]
  • William Miller (1864–1945), an English medievalist, criticized in his review the claim that Skanderbeg was purely Albanian. He pointed out that Skanderbeg's mother had a Slavic name and that the epithet 'Tripalda' is derived from 'Triballi', a term used by Byzantine historians for Serbs. Miller also questioned why Skanderbeg would donate villages to the Serbian monastery Hilandar on Mount Athos if "he had no connection to Serbia".[20]
  • Vasil Zlatarski (1866–1935), a Bulgarian medievalist, mentioned her as the daughter of a Serbian nobleman.[62]
  • Tatomir Vukanović (1907–1997), a Serbian ethnologist, stated that she was the daughter of a Serbian nobleman from the Polog region. He further argued that this connection influenced the Slavic names given to her sons and their later substantial donation to the Hilandar Monastery.[21]
  • Robert Elsie (1950–2017), a Canadian-born German Albanologist, mentioned her as a Slavic woman, related to the noble Serbian Brankovići family.[63]
  • Oliver Schmitt, a professor of South-East European history at Vienna University, writes in his biography Skanderbeg: Der neue Alexander auf dem Balkan (2009) that she was likely a Serbian noblewoman, belonging to the Branković family and the daughter of Grgur Branković.[64]

Ambiguous origin

  • Afanasiy Selishchev, a prominent Russian linguist and historian, reiterates several times that Voisava is the daughter of a Slavic boyar from Polog, without further specifying if she was Bulgarian or Serbian.[65]
  • Boban Petrovski, a Macedonian historian and author of Voisava Tribalda (2006), hesitantly concludes that there is a possibility that Voisava was of Slavic origin, most likely Serbian, as she may have been the daughter of a lord of the Triballians (Serbs) in Polog who ruled before the Ottoman conquest.[66] He had several theses on the ultimate identity of Voisava's father: "If the Branković family indeed governed Polog in the last decade of the 14th century, it arises the chance that Voisava was a daughter of Grgur Branković or even Vuk Branković."[67] However, he says, "the word "Tribalda" associated with Scanderbeg's mother's name does not necessarily mean ethnic determination, but could represent a state qualification, or could refer to his father's service to Stefan Lazarević, despot of medieval Serbia".[68]

References

  1. ↑ Omari 2014, p. 31:l quadro si complica quando un documento notarile ragusano del 10 luglio 1439, a differenza delle cronache cinquecentesche basate sulle memorie, attribuisce alla vedova di Giovanni Kastrioti il nome Jella, anziché Voisava.
  2. ↑ Barleti 1964, p. 50 "Gruaja e këtij e kish emrin Vojsavë, të cilën e bënin jo të padënjë për atë burrë më nj’anë i ati shumë fisnik, princi i tribalëvetb)... b) Emër i një fisi, i cili në kohë antike, banonte në trevat e Maqedhonisë dhe e Bullgarisë së sotme. Me këtë emër Barleti këtu dhe gjetiu quan banorët sllavë të këtyre vendeve." [His wife was named Vojsava. She was rendered not unworthy of such a husband, on the one hand, by her most noble father, the prince of the Triballib)... b) The name of a tribe which, in antiquity, inhabited the territories of present-day Macedonia and Bulgaria. Here and elsewhere, Barleti uses this name for the Slavic inhabitants of these lands.].
  3. 1 2 3 Barleti 1964, p. 302 "Debrea, pasi kaloi pjesën më të madhe të vëndit të tribalëvet, që popullorçe e quajnë Bullgari, kish arritur në Pollog, një vënd i quajtur kështu nga banorët, ose më mirë një krahinë e Bullgarisë në fjalë..." [After crossing most of the land of the Triballi, popularly called Bulgaria, the Dibran reached Polog, a place so named by its inhabitants—or rather, a region of the aforementioned Bulgaria...].
  4. 1 2 3 Barleti, p. 225 "...si tribalët, të cilët quhen edhe bullgarë..." [...such as the Triballi, who are also called Bulgarians...].
  5. 1 2 Barleti 1957, p. 9 "... а жена иво Войсава была от рода князей словенских болгарских..." [...and his wife, Vojsava, descended from a lineage of Slav Bulgarian princes...].
  6. ↑ Barleti 1957, p. 167 "Все исторические источники подтверждают славянское происхождение матери Скандербега. Барлетий называет ее дочерью князя трибаллов, а ниже поясняет, что трибаллы иначе еще называются болгарами." [All historical sources confirm the Slavic origin of Skanderbeg’s mother. Barletius calls her the daughter of the prince of the Triballi and explains further below that the Triballi are also called Bulgarians].
  7. ↑ "Skanderbeg | Albanian hero". Encyclopedia Britannica. 13 January 2024.
  8. ↑ Barletius, Marinus (1508). Historia De Vita Et Gestis Scanderbegi Epirotarvm Principis. p. 90v.
  9. ↑ Barleti, p. 302 "Barbari kish zënë vënd aty në fushë të Pologut dhe po priste të gdhihej. Fusha kufizohej nga njëra anë prej malit tonë të Mokrës, nga ana tjetër prej qytetit të turqvet, që e quajnë Shkup." [The barbarians had encamped there on the plain of Polog and was awaiting daybreak. The plain was bounded on one side by our mountain of Mokra and on the other by the Turkish city called Skopje].
  10. ↑ Barleti 1964, p. 302 "... kish arritur në Pollog, një vënd i quajtur kështu nga banorët, ose më mirë një krahinë e Bullgarisë në fjalë... [... reached Polog, a place so named by its inhabitants—or rather, a region of the aforementioned Bulgaria...].
  11. ↑ Petrovski, Boban. Mediaeval Settlements and Roads in Polog - Written records. Retrieved 23 June 2022. However, the earliest clear initial reference to it comes from mid-12th century, from the «Alexiad» by the Byzantine author Anna Komnina
  12. ↑ Koprivica, Marija. "Polog pod srpskom vlašću u srednjem veku, Spomenica akademika Miloša Blagojevića, Beograd 2015, 65-94/ Polog under Serbian Rule in the Middle Ages". Academia Edu. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  13. ↑ İnbaşı, Mehmet. "HE KAZA OF KALKANDELEN (Tetovo) (1455-1569)". Academia.edu. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  14. ↑ Omari 2014, p. 31
  15. ↑ Omari 2014, p. 31:l quadro si complica quando un documento notarile ragusano del 10 luglio 1439, a differenza delle cronache cinquecentesche basate sulle memorie, attribuisce alla vedova di Giovanni Kastrioti il nome Jella, anziché Voisava.
  16. 1 2 3 Biçoku 2007, p. 28:Burimet e kësaj të dhëne dëshmojnë se i ati i saj ka qenë prej një dere “shumë fisnike dhe prijës i tribalëve” (sinonim i bullgarëve). Sipas një hipoteze të fundit, pa mbështetje burimore, Vojsava është konsideruar vajzë e familjes së njohur aristokrate Brankoviçi, që në atë kohë sundonte trevën e Kosovës së sotme e të Maqedonisë dhe Shkupin e kishte kryeqendër të saj. Martesa me Vojsavën, vajzën e prijësit të bullgarëve, dëshmon se në atë kohë Gjoni ka qenë sundimtar i fuqishëm dhe se në zotërim të familjes së tij ka pasur treva të gjera dhe qytete. [The sources underlying this information attest that her father belonged to ‘a very noble house and was prince of the Triballians’ (a synonym for the Bulgarians). According to a recent hypothesis unsupported by primary sources, Vojsava has been identified as a daughter of the prominent aristocratic Branković family, which at that time ruled the territories of present-day Kosovo and Macedonia, with Skopje as its capital. His marriage to Vojsava, daughter of the ruler of the Bulgarians, indicates that Gjon was already a powerful ruler at the time and that his family possessed extensive territories and towns]
  17. 1 2 Makušev 1871, p. 82 "Съ основательностію можно полагать, что Скандербегъ родился въ 1404 году [1]. Отецъ его, Иванъ Кастріота, владѣтель Матіи (Эмаѳія — горная страна въ средней Албаніи въ верховьяхъ рѣкъ Мата, Врдаса и Арсени) [2], отъ брака съ Воисавою, дочерью болгарскаго боярина изъ Полога (на границѣ Македоніи и Албаніи)." [It can reasonably be assumed that Skanderbeg was born in 1404.[1] His father, Gjon Kastrioti, was the lord of Mat (Emathia—a mountainous region in central Albania, around the upper reaches of the Mat, Vrdasa and Arzen rivers).[2] His mother, Vojsava, was the daughter of a Bulgarian boyar from Polog, on the border between Macedonia and Albania].
  18. 1 2 Noli 1947, p. 189: "writes: "Uxori Voisavae nomen erat, non indignam eo viro, tum pater nobilissimus Tribalorum princeps ...""; Barletius, l. I, fo 2: "... Triballorum princeps"
  19. ↑ Barleti 1957, p. 167 "Лишь один, крайне тенденциозный источник называет Войсаву албанкой. Этим источником является некий Иоанн Музаки, современник Скандербега, написавший историю своего рода и стремившийся обосновать исконные права рода Музаки на всю Албанию; по его словам, и мать Скандербега происходила из рода Музаки. [Only one highly partisan source calls Vojsava an Albanian. This source is a certain John Muzaka, a contemporary of Skanderbeg, who wrote a history of his family and sought to establish the Muzaka family’s ancestral rights to the whole of Albania; according to his account, Skanderbeg’s mother also belonged to the Muzaka family].
  20. 1 2 3 G. R. Potter (January 1938). "Review: [Untitled]". The English Historical Review. 53 (209). Oxford University Press: 129–131. Reviewed Work: Auctarium Chartularii Universitatis Parisiensis. Tomus iii: Liber Procuratorum Nationis Alemanniae by C. Samaran, A. A. van Moé, S. Vitte
  21. 1 2 3 Vukanović 1971.
  22. ↑ Šimundić, Mate (1988). Rječnik osobnih imena (in Croatian). Zagreb: Matica hrvatska. p. 370. ISBN 9788640100373. VOISAVA
  23. ↑ Jireček, Konstantin. Geschichte der Bulgaren (in German). Vol. II. p. 368.
  24. ↑ Omari 2014, p. 31:Secondo Kristo Frashëri alcuni storici, per via del nome, considerano Voisava di famiglia slava, ma altri storici partendo dal fatto che gli albanesi abbiano utilizzato nomi stranieri con grande facilità (altri signori come Carlo Thopia e Giorgio Arianiti avevano figlie col nome Voisava) non definiscono la loro nazionalità né dal nome e né dal cognome
  25. ↑ Selischev 1931, p. 91.
  26. ↑ Selischev 1931, p. 80 "Андрей Топиа, по сообщению венецианцев (1434) имел только „sclavos cancellarіos et scіentes asclavіcam lіnguam et lіtteram."... В своей канцелярии Кастриоты пользовались славянским языком." [According to a Venetian report of 1434, Andrea Thopia employed only ‘Slavic chancellors who knew the Slavic language and script’... The Kastriotis also used Slavonic in their chancery].
  27. ↑ Ndreca, Ardian (2021). "Gjon Kastrioti në arkivat e murgjve serbë". exlibris.al. Letra në fjalë përfundon me një fjali, e cila, e vetme, na tregon shumë. Të gjithë ata që kanë studjuar sadopak rusisht në Shqipërinë e dikurshme do të jenë krejtësisht në gjendje ta kuptojnë atë: Милостію божіею іоаннь кастріоть господинь албанскіи. Shqip mund ta përkthejmë kështu: «Falë hirit të Zotit, Gjon Kastrioti zot arbëror.»" (The letter in question ends with a sentence which, alone, tells us a lot. All those who have studied even a little bit of Russian in ex-[Communist] Albania will be perfectly able to understand it: Милостію божіею іоаннь кастріоть господинь албанскіи. We can translate it ... as follows: "By the grace of God, Gjon Kastrioti, Albanian lord)".
  28. ↑ Korablev, B. (1915). Actes de Chilandar II. pp. 561–562. 6945 AM/1426 AD: Titre de donation de Jean Castriote d'Albanie et de ses fils: ...Милостію божіею іоаннь кастріоть господинь албанскіи (By the grace of God, Ioan Kastriot, Albanian lord).
  29. ↑ Biçoku 2007, p. 28.
  30. ↑ Schwarcz, Andreas; Soustal, Peter; Tcholakova, Antoaneta, eds. (2014). Das mittelalterliche Bulgarien, Byzanz und Europa. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 113. ISBN 9783643505910.
  31. ↑ Šufflay, Milan (1925). Srbi i Arbanasi: njihova simbioza u srednjem vijeku. Seminar za arbanasku filologiju. pp. 94–95. U drugoj, bez datuma, iguman tog monastira prodaje pirg Sv. Gjurdja Ivanu Kastriotu i trima sinovima njegovim Repošu, Konstantinu i Djurdju za »šestdeset florina«. taj toranj Sv. Djurdja još danas nosi naziv »Arbanaski pirg«. Repoš... doista je pokopan u narteksu saborne crkve hilandarske. Natpis naziva ga »duks ilirski«.
  32. ↑ Fischer, Bernd; Schmitt, O.J. (2022). A Concise History of Albania. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107662186. having donated a tower in the Serbian monastery [...] as a result, became known as the Albanian Tower.
  33. ↑ Bogdanović, Dimitrije; Đurić, Vojislav J.; Medakovich, Dejan (1997). Chilandar. Monastery of Chilandar. p. 130. ISBN 9788674131053. Albanian tower still stands, though in ruined condition. While staying at Chilandar, one of his four sons, Reposh, died, and was buried in King Milutin's narthex, beside the north wall
  34. ↑ Dragić Kijuk, Predrag R. (1992). Catena mundi: Srpska hronika na svetskim verigama. Ibarske novosti. p. 299. ISBN 9788663430709.
  35. ↑ Noli 1947, p. 22: "This time he notified Venice that he was compelled to give his son as a hostage to the Despot of Serbia. As a matter of fact, he had sent his son Stanisha with an auxiliary corps to help the Serbians against the Venetians at Scutari.49".
  36. 1 2 3 Nicol, Donald M. (1997). Theodore Spandounes: On the Origins of the Ottoman Emperors. Cambridge University Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-521-58510-1.
  37. ↑ Noli 1947, p. 208.
  38. ↑ Noli, Fan Stylian (1945). George Castrioti Scanderbeg (1405-1468). Boston University Libraries. p. 124. ...This year of 1445 began with a wedding. Mamitza Castrioti, Scanderbeg's youngest sister, was married to Musachi Thopia. The wedding took place in Musachiana, between Croya and Durazzo, on January 26. All the chieftains of Albania were invited to attend...
  39. ↑ Elsie, Robert (2003). Early Albania A Reader of Historical Texts, 11th-17th Centuries. Harrassowitz. p. 52. ISBN 978-3-4470-4783-8. ...and I have told you that Lord Scanderbeg broke up the marriage of the said Lord Musachi and Lady Zanfina Musachi, against the wishes of God and everyone and against the wishes of the children they had had, and forced him to marry his sister Lady Mamica. This lord had four sons and two daughters by his second wife. The sons turned Turk and the one daughter, Lady Yela, married Lord Andrew Musachi...
  40. ↑ Pritchett Post, Susan E. (1998). Women in Modern Albania. the University of Virginia. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-7864-0468-1. ...Mamica Kastrioti was Skanderbeg's youngest sister. She was married to Muzak Topia, one of the princes of Albania in 1445...
  41. ↑ Karl Hopf (1873). Chroniques Gréco-Romaines. Weidmann. p. 533.
  42. ↑ Noli 1947, p. 189: "Angelina with Vladan Araniti".
  43. ↑ Johann Samuel Ersch (1868). Allgemeine encyclopädie der wissenschaften und künste in alphabetischer folge von genannten schrifts bearbeitet und herausgegeben von J. S. Ersch und J. G. Gruber ... J. f. Gleditsch. p. 123. Angelina den Vladin Arianites KomnenoS, deS "Großen" Bruder
  44. ↑ Noli 1947, p. 64: "Vlajka me Stefan Stres Balshën".
  45. ↑ Gopčević, Spiridon (1914). Geschichte von Montenegro und Albanien (in German). Gotha: F.A. Perthes. p. 460. OCLC 9968504. Retrieved 29 March 2012. Bezüglich der Strez herrscht Verwirrung. Hopf macht Ivo und Gojko BalSid zu Söhnen des Stefan Strez, welcher Vlajka Kastriota geheiratet hätte und Sohn des Gjuragj Balšić gewesen wäre, eines Bastards des Gjuragj I.
  46. ↑ Hopf 1873, p. 295
    E più sappiate ch' il Signor Giovanni Castrioto', padre del Signor Scanderbego, hebbe per moglie la Signora Visava Tribalda, con la quale fece quattro figli mascoli e cinque figlie femine.
  47. ↑ Hopf 1873, p. 301
    ... la madre de detto Signor Scanderbeg, moglie del detto Signor Giovanni, hebbe nome Signora Voisava Tripalda e venne da bona parte
  48. ↑ Hopf 1873, p. 301
    Acciò sappiate, in che modo c'era parente il Signor marchese della Tripalda, ve dico, che l'è per parte de donna
  49. ↑ von Hahn 1867, p. 117:
    Skanderbeg's Mutter wird von dem Despoten einmal Visava Tribalda, ein andersmal Voisava Tripalda genannt ... Dieser Name mag vielleicht Anlass zu der sonderbaren Angabe des Barletius S. 4 gegeben haben, dass ihr Vater nobilissimus Tribalorum princeps gewesen sei.
  50. ↑ Angelo Comneno, Andrea (1551). Genealogia d'imperatori romani et constantinopolitani et de regi prencipi et signori che da Isatio Angelo & Vespasiano imperatore suo nipote son discesi, per infino al presente anno 1551. National Central Library of Florence. p. 55. ...Coi de Musachia ha generato Voissaua ch'hebbe Iuuam Castriotto signor di Croia et del conta do detto Emathia...
  51. ↑ von Hahn 1867, p. 121:
    Bedenkt man auf der andern Seite, dass Skanderbeg's Mutter eine geborene Tripalda war und ein Nachkomme des Wrana Conte den Titel Marchese di Tripalda führte, so erscheint selbst die Frage erlaubt, ob nicht etwa Wrana Conte ein Blutsverwandter von Skanderbeg's Mutter war.
  52. ↑ Noli 1947, p. 189, note 33: "Në faqen 308, Muzaka na thotë se Vojsava ishte shqiptare nga familja e Muzakajve; Barleti "Vita", Libri I, faqe 1, shkruan "Bashkëshortja kishte emrin Voisavë, (grua) jo e padenjë për atë burër; i ati ishte një princ shumë fisnik i Tribalëve ".
  53. ↑ James Pettifer (2008). "Obituary: Harry Hodgkinson". The Independent. London, United Kingdom. Retrieved 27 November 2010. throughout his life he fought for the Albanian cause and took up strong anti-Serb and anti-Bulgarian positions
  54. ↑ Hodgkinson, Harry (24 December 2004). Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero. I. B. Tauris. p. 240. ISBN 978-1-85043-941-7.
  55. ↑ Schmitt 2009, p. 8:
    ... Geländekundige, wie etwa ein britischer Geheimdienstoffizier des Zweiten Weltkriegs (H. Hodgkinson), wiederum, hatten keine Archivarbeiten betrieben.
  56. ↑ Bojović 2020, p. 18:Sa mère Vojsava est issue de la famille des Muzaka, ses frères avaient pour nom Stanisa, Repos, Kostadin
  57. ↑ Димитров, Страшимир: Георги Кастриоти-Скендербег и неговата освободителна борба, В: Г. Кастриоти Скендербег 1468-1968 г. София, сп. "Балкани", БАН, No2, 1970, стр. 11: "It is known that his mother, Voisava, was of Slavic-Bulgarian origin, "daughter of the lord of Polog, which is part of Macedonia and Bulgaria", says one anonymous Venetian chronicle..."
  58. ↑ Traychev, Georgi (1941). Книга за мияцитѣ (историко-географски очеркъ) [On the Mijaks (Historical and Geographical Survey]. Sofia: Glushkov. p. 63. Бащата на Георги Скендербей, Иванъ, е билъ жененъ за Войсава, дъщеря на единъ български владетелъ въ Македония, въ областта Пологъ (Тетово-Гостиваръ) — горно-рѣканския край, от селата около Маврово [The father of George Skanderbeg, Gjon, was married to Voisava, daughter of a Bulgarian ruler in Macedonia, in the region of Polog (Tetovo–Gostivar)—the Upper Reka district, from the villages around Mavrovo]
  59. ↑ Tashev, Spas (2000). Българските общности в Западните Балкани [Bulgarian Communities in the Western Balkans] (in Bulgarian). Vol. I, Albania. Sofia: Orbel. p. 33. ISBN 978-954-496-133-6.
  60. ↑ Barleti, p. 167 "Все исторические источники подтверждают славянское происхождение матери Скандербега. Барлетий называет ее дочерью князя трибаллов, а ниже поясняет, что трибаллы иначе еще называются болгарами." [All historical sources confirm the Slavic origin of Skanderbeg’s mother. Barletius calls her the daughter of the prince of the Triballi and explains further below that the Triballi are also called Bulgarians].
  61. ↑ Hopf 1873, p. 533: "fille du seigneur (Serbe) de Polog".
  62. ↑ Васил Николов Златарски (2005). България през XIV и XV век: Лекционен курс. Изток-Запад. ISBN 9789543211722. Иван Кастриот, храбър противник на турците, женен за Воислава, дъщерята на сръбския властител [daughter of a Serbian nobleman]
  63. ↑ Robert Elsie (2012). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. I.B.Tauris. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-78076-431-3.
  64. ↑ Schmitt 2009, p. 29:
    Skanderbegs Mutter Voisava war wohl eine Südslawin, Tochter des Helm der reichen Ebene von Polog. Diese unterstand im ausgehenden 14. Jahrhundert einer Seitenlinie des großen serbischen Adelsgeschlechtes der Brankovići. Es ist zu vermuten, dass Grgur Branković als Voisavas Vater zu gelten hat.
  65. ↑ Selishchev 1931, p. 17, 80.
  66. ↑ Petrovski 2006, pp. 2, 3, 10.
  67. ↑ Petrovski 2006, "Доколку ја прифатиме оваа варијанта, според која Бранковиките биле господари на/во Полог до почетког на последната деценија од XIV век, во тој случај произлегува дека Воисава била керка на Гргур или пак, можеби на Вук Бранковик.".
  68. ↑ Petrovski 2006, p. 12
    Cependant, le mot « Tribalda », lié au nome de la mère de Scanderbeg, pas nécessairement signifie la détermination ethnique, mais ça pourrait présenter une qualification de l’Etat, ou porrait se referer au service de son père chez Volkachin le Roy et dauphin de l’Etat Serbe Médiéval.

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