Vinay Prasad

Vinay Prasad
Director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
In office
May 6, 2025 – April 30, 2026
PresidentDonald Trump
Preceded byPeter Marks
Personal details
EducationMichigan State University (BA)[1]
University of Chicago (MD)
Johns Hopkins University (MPH)

Vinay Prasad is an American hematologist-oncologist and health researcher, who served as the director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research from May 2025 to April 2026. He was a professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF),[2] and is the author of the books Ending Medical Reversal (with Adam Cifu, 2015),[3][4] and Malignant (2020),[5] both from Johns Hopkins University Press.

Prasad adopted a contrarian stance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, using social media to spread misinformation with florid rhetoric.[6] In May 2025, during the second Trump administration, he was appointed head of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).[7] Following criticism of the FDA's decisions on multiple vaccine reviews, reports appeared that he would leave his position at the end of April 2026.[8][9]

Early life and education

Born Vinayak Kashyap Prasad,[10] Vinay Prasad was raised in a suburb of Cleveland, Ohio, before moving outside of Chicago in northern Indiana; his parents immigrated from India.[1]

Prasad attended Michigan State University, where he took courses in health care ethics and physiology. In 2005, Prasad graduated summa cum laude from MSU with a double major in philosophy and physiology.[1] He gave the commencement speech to the College of Arts and Letters on behalf of the Philosophy Department.[11]

He completed his medical degree at University of Chicago in 2009, and completed a residency in internal medicine at Northwestern University in 2012. Prasad was certified in internal medicine by the American Board of Internal Medicine in 2012, and earned a Master's of Public Health from Johns Hopkins University in 2014. In 2015, Prasad completed a joint (NIH fellowship, the Hematology Oncology Fellowship, at the National Cancer Institute and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

Career

Prasad is a cancer drug and health policy researcher, and has studied the financial conflicts in drug approvals.[12]

From 2015 to 2020, Prasad was assistant and then associate professor at the Oregon Health & Science University.[13] In that time, worked at San Francisco General Hospital. Prasad was elevated to the rank of full professor of hematology-oncology at UCSF, before departing to work at the FDA in 2025.[2][14]

In 2023, reporters have surmised, as a part of an application to work in an editorial capacity, Prasad submitted a curriculum vitae (CV) to the publisher, John Wiley & Sons.[15] Paul Goldberg, writing for The Cancer Letter, a publication with focused reporting on matters related to U.S. Governmental cancer programs, one that has been called both a "watchdog" and "muckraking",[16][17] called attention to the fact in a report and subsequent related podcast, that an element of that CV, Prasad's claim to have been a member of the prestigious President's Cancer Panel (in 2016–2017), was a false representation, as Prasad had only ever presented before the Panel, and never had been a member of it.[15][18][10][19]

Effective May 6, 2025, Prasad was appointed head of the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), after the previous head was forced to resign by Secretary Kennedy.[7] In March 2026, The Wall Street Journal and National Public Radio reported that Prasad would leave his position the following month.[8]

Book-length publications

In 2015, Prasad published the book Ending Medical Reversal with physician and academic Adam Cifu.[3][4] In the spring of 2020, Prasad published the book Malignant: How Bad Policy and Bad Evidence Harm People with Cancer.[5]

Other media work

Prasad has hosted the podcast Plenary Session,[20][21][22] and has blogged at MedPage Today.[23]

Views and reception

Medical reversals

In 2011, Prasad and colleagues published a research letter in the Archives of Internal Medicine.[24] Charles Bankhead, a senior editor at MedPageToday, covered the topic, outlining the paper's primary point, which was the high prevalence of research articles demonstrating findings that deviated from the accepted standard of treatment at the time.[25] Separately, "Retraction Watch" reported on Prasad's personal remarks about the paper, saying "For a long time, we were interested by what we believe to be a pervasive problem in modern medicine. Namely, the spread of new technologies and therapies without clear evidence that they work, which are later (and often after considerable delay) followed by contradictions, which, in turn, after yet another delay, is followed by changes in practice and reimbursement."[26]

Matthew Hoffman, writing in 2012 for MedPageToday's KevinMD covered a paper by Prasad and colleagues on "When to abandon ship" when it comes to failing medical practices and treatments.[27][28] Hoffman builds on the authors' proposed barriers to market entrance, such as evidence of effectiveness in large randomized controlled studies before broad usage, and links them to the insidious aspects of healthcare, such as profit and status. In 2013, Prasad and colleagues addressed the necessity for randomized controlled trials for the inferior vena cava filter (VCF) despite the intervention's bio-plausibility.[29] The authors suggest that since the intervention has known adverse effects but an uncertain benefit, well-designed studies are necessary to shed light on the intervention's efficacy. The JAMA Internal Medicine article received widespread media attention, with Reuters' Genevra Pittman interviewing Prasad about his further views on the intervention.[30] In the interview, Prasad advises against filter placement in all but the most extreme instances, owing to his perceived lack of proof and possibility for adverse events.[30]

In 2013, Prasad's paper A Decade of Reversal: An Analysis of 146 Contradicted Practices was published;[31] The article was covered in a piece by The Huffington Post, which highlights a key lesson from the paper: patients should become more involved in their health care decisions rather than assuming a prescribed medication or device is beneficial.[32] Patients may do this by asking their physician pertinent questions, such as what patient outcomes the intervention improved. Additionally, the article discusses the concept of healthcare cost. With growing anxiety about the expense of healthcare, utilizing limited resources on questionable medical practices with a weak evidence base threatens to jeopardize both the healthcare economy and patient health. Additionally, the authors of a Lancet Oncology editorial remark that "almost 10% of practice reversals occurred in oncology," suggesting that certain fields of medicine may be more susceptible to medical reversals than others.[33]

COVID response

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Prasad used social media to promulgate misinformation and take a contrarian stance.[6] He repeatedly attacked public-health leaders and agencies, declaring "These pieces of shit are still lying.… They're still fucking lying.", and asserting "The CDC lied repeatedly, and all the employees at CDC and AAP who told us to cloth mask 2 year olds should be fired for stupidity." Prasad stated that "[We'd] probably be better off as a result of not having the FDA".[6]

Prasad dismissed Long COVID calling it "overblown," and alleging that Ed Yong "invent[ed] long Covid." He dismissed people with Long COVID with "Haha double long covid. Just like double IPA!", and dismissed protective masking as "Masking without evidence is an untreated mental illness plaguing public health," urging "Break every home test.… The testing profiteers are killing us," and warning critics that "When you're dead, no one will ever think about you ever again".[6]

In October 2021, Prasad prompted social media controversy when he published an essay warning that restrictions on movements during future pandemics could lead to a suspension of elections and compared such an outcome to the rise of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich.[34] Bioethicist Arthur L. Caplan said that Prasad's arguments were specious and ignorant, and science historian Robert N. Proctor said that Prasad was "trivializing the genuine harms to liberty posed by 1930s fascism".[35]

In November 2021, Prasad expressed his opinion that pediatricians should warn parents about risks of COVID immunization such as myocarditis.[36] However, physician Jonathan Howard noted that Prasad was selectively omitting that myocarditis from the vaccine was always mild and that COVID disease itself carried much higher risks, including a worse form of myocarditis[37] which would not be consistent with the tenets of medical informed consent.

In January 2022, the conservative periodical City Journal published an opinion piece by Prasad in which he attempted to demonstrate that the American public health organizations were not being honest in their response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[38] Writing for Science-Based Medicine, epidemiologist Lynn Shaffer criticized Prasad's article for the various "mistruths" it contained about face masks as a COVID-19 mitigation measure, for example the unevidenced claim that mask wearing was stunting children's language development. In Shaffer's view Prasad's writing "lean[s] heavily on pushing people's emotional hot buttons" and amounted to a form of fearmongering.[39]

Prasad was an early member of the Urgency of Normal, a group that in 2022 campaigned against quarantines and mask mandates in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic.[40] He spoke in support of repealing such mandates in a March 2022 interview.[41]

Medical skepticism

Prasad has criticized other medical skeptics for their choices of topics to tackle, including homeopathy, as being poor use of their time.[42] Skeptics David Gorski and Steven Novella published criticisms of and counter-arguments to Prasad's stance, pointing out the perils of not challenging alternative medicine during a pandemic.[43][44]

Engagement with Robert Kennedy's ideas

Earlier in 2023, Prasad showed support for the ideas of Robert Kennedy Jr.[45] However, according to physician David Gorski, Prasad did not show sufficient understanding of bad faith debate.[46] In November 2023, the levels of kindergarten vaccine exemptions rose to the highest level in years.[47] Prasad mentioned this outcome[48] but did not acknowledge his role in causing this outcome, per physician Jonathan Howard.[49] In 2024, Prasad expressed criticism for the funding decisions of the NIH as well as support for more cluster randomized controlled trials.[50] However, according to physician David Gorski, Prasad again demonstrated insufficient understanding of the limitations of these randomized controlled trials as well as how the NIH's funding decisions work.[51]

FDA

On May 20, 2025, during his tenure as CBER head, Prasad, with FDA Commissioner Marty Makary, published an article in The New England Journal of Medicine announcing that the FDA would limit COVID-19 vaccines to people over 65 or at high risk of serious illness and would require manufacturers to conduct additional large studies to evaluate their benefits for children and healthy younger adults.[52][53]

In late July 2025, Prasad quit after political provocateur Laura Loomer said he was a "progressive leftist saboteur".[notes 1] Journalist Antonia Hitchens reports that Prasad had been attempting to place a hold on a muscular-dystrophy drug for safety reasons, but that it would have cost Sarepta Therapeutics, the drug's manufacturer, millions of dollars.[54] Shortly after the hold went into effect, Loomer began attacking Prasad in a series of online posts, declaring that he had "infiltrated" the Administration as a "Marxist Trojan Horse". The following week, Prasad resigned, "under pressure", according to Hitchens. Hitchens states that "to Loomer's critics, the timing and intensity of her campaign against Prasad seemed like a form of lobbying."[54][55][56] A Trump Administration official told Antonia Hitchens that "the consensus among political leadership" was that the attack on Prasad "was a directed assault by corporate forces."[54] Prasad resumed his role in August 2025, after less than two weeks away.[57] In explaining the absence, FDA Commissioner Marty Makary stated that "He [Prasad] saw some media headlines and didn't want to be a distraction", and that Prasad was convinced to return.[58]

On August 29, 2025, Prasad demanded of YouTube that six of his critic Jonathan Howard's videos be taken down. Subsequently, Howard's entire channel, a record of the medical positions of various doctors and administrators, was removed.[7]

Prasad has been the subject of numerous internal complaints at the FDA, including "retaliation against subordinates and verbally berating staff."[59] In February 2026, the FDA refused to review Moderna's application for an mRNA flu vaccine.[60] Stat and The Wall Street Journal reported that Prasad had single-handedly made the decision, overruling scientists at the agency.[61]

In November 2025, Prasad sent a 3,000 word memo to FDA staff saying it would change the process for approving vaccines, and claiming without evidence that ten children had died as a result of Covid vaccination.[62][63][64] The memo said that the figure came from an "initial analysis" of 96 deaths, but did not offer further details.[65] Prasad characterized the claim as a "profound revelation".[66] Twelve former FDA commissioners described Prasad's memo as a "a threat to evidence-based vaccine policy and public health security".[67] Former deputy director CBER Phil Krause, who was mentioned approvingly in Prasad's memo, said that while he supported Prasad's call for gathering more data on vaccines, he considered the change to the vaccine approval process "destructive" of what "has been an excellent system", and called for "radical transparency" and for Prasad to publish evidence for his claims about fatalities.[66] Paul Offit said the claims were both "irresponsible" and "dangerous"; Peter Marks said the memo's content was taken from the anti-vaccine playbook.[64] To date, no evidence the COVID-19 vaccine killed children has been released by the FDA.[68][69]

In March 2026, The Wall Street Journal and National Public Radio reported Prasad to be leaving his FDA CBER position the following month.[8][9]

Awards and recognition

Prasad has won several teaching awards, including the 2017 Craig Okada Award for best teacher in the Hematology Oncology Fellowship program, the 2018 faculty mentorship award from the internal medicine residency, the 2019 J. David Bristow award from the graduating medical students, and the 2020 excellence in research and scholarship mentoring as awarded by the internal medicine residents.[70]

Personal life

As of February 2026, Prasad lives in the San Francisco Bay area.[59]

Selected works

  • Prasad, Vinayak & Cifu, Adam S. (2015). Ending Medical Reversal: Improving Outcomes, Saving Lives. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. doi:10.1353/book.49286. ISBN 978-1-4214-5108-4. Project MUSE book 49286. Retrieved August 22, 2026.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Prasad, Vinayak (2020). Malignant: How Bad Policy and Bad Evidence Harm People with Cancer. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. doi:10.1353/book.74312. ISBN 978-1-4214-3764-4. Project MUSE book 74312. Retrieved August 22, 2026.

Notes

  1. ↑ "Loomer had released misleadingly edited audio to suggest that that Prasad had admitted sticking pins in a Trump voodoo doll, when the full audio made it clear that he was talking about the kind of thing an imagined liberal Trump-hater would do." The Guardian Vinay Prasad returns to FDA days after leaving under pressure from Laura Loomer August 9, 2025.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Terry, Lynne (September 7, 2017). "Dr. Vinay Prasad, OHSU's Iconoclastic Oncologist, Calls Out Shoddy Medicine". The Oregonian (OregonLive.com). Retrieved July 11, 2018.
  2. 1 2 Prasad, Vinayak & UCSF Staff (January 17, 2021). "Vinayak Prasad, MD, MPH". Profiles.UCSF.edu (faculty autobiography). San Francisco, CA: University of California San Francisco (UCSF). Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  3. 1 2 Zuger, Abigail (October 30, 2015). "Book Review: 'Ending Medical Reversal' Laments Flip-Flopping". The New York Times (NYTimes.com). Retrieved December 4, 2019.
  4. 1 2 Prasad, Vinayak & Cifu, Adam S. (2015). Ending Medical Reversal: Improving Outcomes, Saving Lives. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. doi:10.1353/book.49286. ISBN 978-1-4214-5108-4. Project MUSE book 49286. Retrieved August 22, 2026.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. 1 2 Prasad, Vinayak (2020). Malignant: How Bad Policy and Bad Evidence Harm People with Cancer. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. doi:10.1353/book.74312. ISBN 978-1-4214-3764-4. Project MUSE book 74312. Retrieved August 22, 2026.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Weiss, Laura (May 19, 2025). "An Anti-Science MAHA Extremist Is Playing a Major Role at the FDA". The New Republic. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  7. 1 2 3 Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (August 31, 2025). "Top FDA official demands removal of YouTube videos in which he criticized Covid vaccines" – via The Guardian.
  8. 1 2 3 Whyte, Liz. "FDA's Controversial Vaccines Chief Will Leave the Agency". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 6, 2026.
  9. 1 2 "Trump Administration's Embattled FDA Vaccine Chief is Leaving for the Second Time". Associated Press. NPR. March 6, 2026. Retrieved June 19, 2026.
  10. 1 2 Prasad, Vinayak Kashyap (June 23, 2023). "University of California, San Francisco / Curriculum Vitae / Vinayak Kashyap Prasad, MD MPH" (PDF). Wiley.com. p. 17. Retrieved August 22, 2026.
  11. ↑ "Commencement" (PDF). MSU. Spring 2005. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  12. ↑ Piller, Charles (July 6, 2018). "Hidden Conflicts?". Science. 361 (6397): 16–20. Bibcode:2018Sci...361...16P. doi:10.1126/science.361.6397.16. PMID 29976808. S2CID 206625989.
  13. ↑ Prasad, Vinay & OHSU Staff (November 8, 2019). "Vinay Prasad, MD, MPH". OHSU.edu/people. Portland, OR: Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU). Archived from the original on November 8, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
  14. ↑ Prasad, Vinayak & FDA Staff (May 15, 2025). "Vinayak Prasad". FDA.gov (employment biography/autobiography). Archived from the original on May 15, 2025. Retrieved May 11, 2025.
  15. 1 2 Cobb, Jacquelyn & Goldberg, Paul (cohosts) (May 13, 2026). Prasad's "Deceit," Plus, ODAC's Tough Decision Against Biomarker-Based Progression Assessment (For Now) (podcast transcript). The Cancer Letter Podcast (CancerLetter.com/podcastc). Retrieved August 22, 2026.
  16. ↑ Jetter, Alexis (May 29, 2001). "Newsletter Trains Muckraking Eye on Cancer World". The New York Times (NYTimes.com). Retrieved August 22, 2026.
  17. ↑ Barbaro, Michael (August 5, 2002). "A Medical Muckraker". The Washington Post (WashingtonPost.com). Retrieved August 22, 2026.
  18. ↑ Goldberg, Paul (May 8, 2026). "Vinay Prasad's CV Inaccurately Claims Past Membership on the President's Cancer Panel". The Cancer Letter (CancerLetter.com). 52 (18). Retrieved August 22, 2026.
  19. ↑ NIH-PCP Staff (May 13, 2026). "Panel Members ... Past Members". President's Cancer Panel (PCP; PresCancerPanel.cancer.gov). Rockville, MD: U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Retrieved August 22, 2026.
  20. ↑ "Plenary Session". SoundCloud. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  21. ↑ Harris, Richard (June 24, 2018). "Tweeting Oncologist Draws Ire And Admiration For Calling Out Hype". NPR. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
  22. ↑ Hayes, Elizabeth (April 5, 2017). "OHSU's Vinay Prasad on being the medical field's willing provocateur". Portland Business Journal. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
  23. ↑ "Articles You Will Definitely Read". Medpage Today. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  24. ↑ Prasad, Vinay (October 10, 2011). "The Frequency of Medical Reversal". Archives of Internal Medicine. 171 (18): 1675–1676. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.295. PMID 21747003.
  25. ↑ "New Studies Often Reverse Existing Practices". July 11, 2011.
  26. ↑ Oransky, Ivan (July 11, 2011). "So how often does medical consensus turn out to be wrong?".
  27. ↑ "Bias and error are rampant in medical literature". March 18, 2012.
  28. ↑ Prasad, Vinay; Cifu, Adam; Ioannidis, John P. A. (January 4, 2012). "Reversals of Established Medical Practices: Evidence to Abandon Ship". JAMA. 307 (1): 37–38. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1960. PMID 22215160.
  29. ↑ Prasad, Vinay; Rho, Jason; Cifu, Adam (April 8, 2013). "The Inferior Vena Cava Filter: How Could a Medical Device Be So Well Accepted Without Any Evidence of Efficacy?". JAMA Internal Medicine. 173 (7): 493–495. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.2725. PMID 23552611.
  30. 1 2 Pittman, Genevra (March 19, 2013). "Filters Often Used to Stop Clots Without Evidence". Reuters.com. Retrieved August 22, 2026.
  31. ↑ Prasad, Vinay; Vandross, Andrae; Toomey, Caitlin; Cheung, Michael; Rho, Jason; Quinn, Steven; Chacko, Satish Jacob; Borkar, Durga; Gall, Victor; Selvaraj, Senthil; Ho, Nancy; Cifu, Adam (August 2013). "A Decade of Reversal: An Analysis of 146 Contradicted Medical Practices". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 88 (8): 790–798. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.05.012. PMID 23871230.
  32. ↑ "Changes in Modern Medicine: What Can We Expect?". January 30, 2014.
  33. ↑ Burki, Talha K (May 2020). "Shaping cancer policy to work towards the interests of patients". The Lancet Haematology. 7 (5): e369. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30119-8. PMID 32359451. S2CID 218490117.
  34. ↑ Prasad, Vinay (October 2, 2021). "How Democracy Ends: COVID19 policy shows a (potential) path to the end of America".
  35. ↑ Tracey, Alice (October 8, 2021). "Did Vinay Prasad need to mention the Nazis to make a point on the U.S. pandemic response?". The Cancer Letter (News). 47 (37).
  36. ↑ "Doctors must be honest with parents about unknown risks of COVID-19 emergency vaccine". Yahoo News. November 4, 2021. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  37. ↑ Howard, Jonathan (November 13, 2021). "Doctors Must be Honest with Parents About Known Risks of COVID-19". sciencebasedmedicine.org. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  38. ↑ Prasad, Vinay (January 19, 2022). "Public Health's Truth Problem". City Journal.
  39. ↑ Shaffer L (February 27, 2022). "Dr. Vinay Prasad: 'Public Health's (Mis)Truth Problem'". Science-Based Medicine.
  40. ↑ Schreiber, Melody (February 22, 2022). "Why Is This Group of Doctors So Intent on Unmasking Kids?". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  41. ↑ Weissmueller, Zach (March 21, 2022). "How Politics Corrupted Science: Dr. Vinay Prasad on COVID". reason.com. Reason. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
  42. ↑ Prasad, Vinay (December 9, 2020). "Applying Skepticism to Medical Skepticism — Debunking should focus on areas most in need -- which might not be homeopathy". Medpage Today. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
  43. ↑ Gorski, David (December 13, 2020). "Responding to Dr. Vinay Prasad's "dunking on a 7′ hoop" criticism of SBM". Science Based Medicine. Archived from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  44. ↑ Novella, Steven (December 11, 2020). "Skeptical of Skepticism regarding Medical Skepticism". Neurologica Blog. The New England Skeptical Society. Archived from the original on February 19, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  45. ↑ Prasad, Vinay. "When should scientists debate?". www.drvinayprasad.com. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  46. ↑ Gorski, David (June 26, 2023). "RFK Jr. and Joe Rogan: Putting the old denialist technique of bad faith "Debate me, bro!" challenges on steroids". sciencebasedmedicine.org. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  47. ↑ Sun, Lena (November 9, 2023). "CDC data show highest level yet of vaccine exemptions for kindergartners". Washington Post. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  48. ↑ Prasad, Vinay. "Entirely predictable: More parents don't want routine vaccination for their kids". www.sensible-med.com. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  49. ↑ Howard, Jonathan (November 25, 2023). "I Agree with Dr. Vinay Prasad: It's Entirely Predictable That More Parents Don't Want Routine Vaccination for Their Kids". sciencebasedmedicine.org. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  50. ↑ Prasad, Vinay. "What a Trump presidency can mean for health care". www.drvinayprasad.com. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  51. ↑ Gorski, David (December 9, 2024). "Are NIH study sections a waste of time?". sciencebasedmedicine.org. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  52. ↑ Prasad, V.; Makary, M. A. (May 20, 2025). "An Evidence-Based Approach to Covid-19 Vaccination". The New England Journal of Medicine. 392 (24): 2484–2486. doi:10.1056/NEJMsb2506929. PMID 40392534.
  53. ↑ Branswell, Helen; Herper, Matthew; Lawrence, Lizzy (May 20, 2025). "FDA will limit Covid vaccines to people over 65 or at high risk of serious illness, leaders say". www.statnews.com. Retrieved May 21, 2025.
  54. 1 2 3 Hitchens, Antonia (November 10, 2025). "Laura Loomer's Endless Payback". The New Yorker. pp. 24–35. Retrieved November 21, 2025.
  55. ↑ Sommer, Will (August 4, 2025). "False Flag MAGA Diehards Say Loomer is on Big Pharma's Payroll". The Bulwark. Retrieved November 29, 2025.
  56. ↑ Kilander, Gustaf (August 5, 2025). "Laura Loomer's MAGA critics accuse her of being funded by Big Pharma". The Independent. Retrieved November 29, 2025.
  57. ↑ "Vinay Prasad returns to FDA days after leaving under pressure from Laura Loomer". August 9, 2025 – via The Guardian.
  58. ↑ Weber, Lauren; Roubein, Rachel (August 9, 2025). "FDA regulator reinstalled less than two weeks after White House ouster". thewashingtonpost. Retrieved September 3, 2025.
  59. 1 2 Samorodnitsky, Dan (February 12, 2026). "FDA's Prasad Weathers Personal Controversy, Internal Strife Amid Moderna Imbroglio". BioSpace. Retrieved February 13, 2026.
  60. ↑ Rutschman, Ana Santos (February 12, 2026). "FDA rejects Moderna's mRNA flu vaccine application - for reasons with no basis in the law". The Conversation. Retrieved February 13, 2026.
  61. ↑ Mole, Beth (February 12, 2026). "Trump official overruled FDA scientists to reject Moderna's flu shot". Ars Technica. Retrieved February 13, 2026.
  62. ↑ Iyer, Kaanita; Cancryn, Adam; Sealy, Amanda. "FDA official plans to change vaccine approval process, claiming that Covid-19 shots caused child deaths". CNN. Retrieved April 16, 2026.
  63. ↑ "Subject: Deaths in Children Due to COVID-19 Caccines and CBER's Path Forward" (PDF). washingtonpost.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 1, 2025.
  64. 1 2 Desk, At TOI World (November 30, 2025). "'Irresponsible, Dangerous': FDA Memo Links Covid Shots to Children Deaths; Proposes New Vaccine Rules". The Times of India. Retrieved April 15, 2026. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  65. ↑ Dillinger, Katherine. "After Claiming That Covid Shots Killed Children, FDA Says It Is Also Looking at Other Age Groups". CNN. Retrieved April 16, 2026.
  66. 1 2 Vogel, Gretchen. "What an FDA veteran thinks a controversial vaccine email gets right—and wrong". Science. Retrieved April 16, 2026.
  67. ↑ Mazer, Benjamin. "Yes, Some Children May Have Died From COVID Shots". The Atlantic. Retrieved April 16, 2026.
  68. ↑ Berkeley Lovelace Jr. (May 22, 2026). "No child deaths definitively linked to Covid shots, FDA says". NBC News.
  69. ↑ Fiore, Kristina (May 2026). "FDA's Analysis of Child Deaths After COVID Shot Released by Senator". MedPage Today.
  70. ↑ Prasad, Vinay (January 17, 2021). "Vinay Prasad". VinayakKPrasad.com (personal webpage autobiography). Retrieved January 17, 2021.
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