Murder of Vera Page

Vera Page
Vera Page, pictured in April 1931
Born(1921-04-13)13 April 1921
Hammersmith, London, England, UK
Died14 December 1931(1931-12-14) (aged 10)
Kensington, London, England, UK
Cause of death
Manual strangulation[1]
Body discovered
89 Addison Road, Kensington, 16 December 1931 51°30′11″N 0°12′35″W / 51.50292°N 0.20959°W / 51.50292; -0.20959 (approximate)[2]
Resting place
Gunnersbury Cemetery, Hounslow, London, England
51°29′41″N 0°17′05″W / 51.4946°N 0.2848°W / 51.4946; -0.2848 (approximate)
OccupationStudent
Known forUnsolved murder victim
Parent(s)Charles and Isabel Page

The murder of Vera Page is an unsolved British child murder case from the early 1930s. On 14 December 1931, 10-year-old Vera Page was reported missing after she failed to return to her home in Notting Hill, London, from a visit to a nearby relative. The child's body was found two days later in undergrowth in nearby Addison Road. Vera had been raped, then manually strangled to death in a murder described by one detective as "the most terrible in which I had to deal with during my career".[3]

Strong physical and circumstantial evidence[4] existed attesting to the guilt of a 41-year-old labourer named Percy Orlando Rush,[5] whose parents lived in the same house as Vera.[6][7] However, at a coroner's inquest held on 10 February 1932, a jury determined that insufficient real evidence existed to formally charge Rush with her murder. Officially, the case remains unsolved.[8][9]

Early life

Vera Isobel Minnie Page was born on 13 April 1921 in Hammersmith, London, the only child born to Charles William and Isabel (née Essex) Page.[10] The Page family were working-class. Vera's father was employed as a painter with Great Western Railways and her mother was a housewife. Vera has been described as a popular yet shy and well-behaved girl.[1]

To supplement the family income, Charles and Isabel occasionally allowed lodgers to reside in their home, although these lodgers were always either family members or individuals known to the family. In January 1931, the Page family moved from Chapel Road, Notting Hill (now known as St. Marks Place), to a three-storey house in nearby Blenheim Crescent. The family did not occupy the whole house, but rooms on both the ground floor and basement. Other occupants who resided on the upper floors of this property included a middle-aged couple named Arthur and Annie Rush, who had lived within the property for approximately twenty years.[11]

Blenheim Crescent, Notting Hill. The Page family moved into an address on this street in January 1931.

Disappearance

On 14 December 1931, Vera left her home at 22 Blenheim Crescent at 4:30 p.m. to walk approximately fifty yards to the home of her aunt, Minnie Essex, who lived at number 70 Blenheim Crescent. The purpose of this short journey was to collect two swimming certificates she had been awarded but had left with her aunt the previous day. Prior to leaving, Vera informed her mother she would soon return home as she was hungry and looking forward to her evening meal.[12] Vera's aunt would later inform investigators her niece had stayed at her home for "about ten minutes" before returning home, adding "the street lamps" had not yet illuminated.[13]

When Vera had not returned home by 5:30 p.m., her father paid a visit to her aunt, who informed him Vera had collected her swimming certificates and then left her home at approximately 4:45 p.m.,[14] intending to return home in time for her evening meal. Having first visited the homes of all of Vera's friends and relatives in the hope his daughter might be with an acquaintance,[15] Charles visited Notting Hill police station to report Vera as missing at 10:25 p.m.[3] Assisted by several friends and neighbours, Vera's parents continued their search for her throughout the evening and into the morning. The following day, the child's physical description was circulated among local police and by the evening of 15 December, local media had been notified of her disappearance.[15]

Via extensive inquiries, investigators determined that at some time between 5 and 6 p.m. on 14 December, Vera had spoken with a school friend as she (Vera) had stood outside a chemist's located at the junction of Blenheim Crescent and Portobello Road, and that Vera had informed her friend of her intentions to purchase soap dominoes on prominent display behind the window as a Christmas present for her parents. The friend had noted Vera had been carrying an envelope in her hand, which her aunt confirmed to investigators had contained her swimming certificates. Shortly after this brief conversation, the friend had left Vera standing in front of the chemist's window. No other verifiable sightings of the child—alone or in the company of any other individual—could be established after this time.[16][n 1]

"The moment I stepped into the garden, I saw the body. The child was lying on her right side, and the lapel of her coat almost covered her face ... she looked as if she was lying asleep under the bushes, except that her face was like marble. I told the cook at the house, and then went out and found a policeman."

— Joseph Smith. Milkman performing his round on Addison Road, recollecting his discovery of the body of Vera Page. December 1931.[18]

Discovery

At approximately 9:31 on the morning of 16 December,[19] a milkman named Joseph Smith discovered Vera's body lying in a patch of shrubbery in the front garden of 89 Addison Road, Kensington, close to Holland Park. The location was approximately one mile from her home.[20]

The perpetrator had made no serious effort to conceal Vera's body, beyond making a brief and rudimentary effort to throw handfuls of earth and leaves upon her remains.[18] This fact led investigators to speculate Vera had likely been murdered close to the location of the discovery of her body, and that the perpetrator either lived locally or held extensive geographical knowledge of the neighbourhood. Furthermore, a worn section of ammonia-stained finger bandage was discovered to be lodged firmly against the inner elbow of her right arm; this evidence was only discovered when Vera's body was moved from the crime scene to the mortuary.[21]

Approximately forty hours had elapsed between the time Vera had last been seen alive and the discovery of her remains, yet her body was not rigid, and decomposition was relatively advanced,[22] thus suggesting her body had been stored in a fairly warm environment between the time she had last been seen alive and the discovery of her body. Moreover, it had rained heavily from 3 p.m. to 9 p.m. the previous day, and the weather was still generally moist and misty, yet Vera's clothing had absorbed very little moisture, and solely in locations where her body had touched the soil at the location of her discovery, leading investigators to opine that the child's body could not have lain in the location where she was discovered for more than two hours.[23] This opinion was corroborated by both an occupant of the house who informed investigators that had the body been in the patch of shrubbery before 7:50 a.m., she could not have failed to notice it, and the milkman who discovered the body and who had made his routine delivery to the home at 5:30 a.m., who was also adamant that the body was not lying in this location upon his first visit to the premises.[18][24][n 2]

Autopsy

Vera's body was examined by the eminent pathologist Sir Bernard Spilsbury, who concluded that she had been raped, then manually strangled to death shortly after the last confirmed sighting of her alive.[n 3] Her body bore superficial bruising and a welt mark also located upon her neck had been inflicted via a ligature, although this injury had evidently occurred after death.[23] Spilsbury also determined that Vera had been deceased for in excess of twenty-four hours[26] prior to the discovery of her body and that, as evidenced by the advanced state of decomposition of her body given the time lapse between her disappearance and discovery, her body had lain in a warm environment for most of this time.[27]

He also discovered traces of soot and coal dust on Vera's face, plus spattered candle wax in two locations around her right shoulder[28] and three locations on the shoulder of Vera's coat.[29] Furthermore, Spilsbury concurred with the initial police conclusion that the section of ammonia-stained finger bandage found lodged against Vera's inner elbow had likely been dislodged from the hand of her murderer as he had deposited her body at the crime scene.[21] The candle wax itself was subsequently discovered to be of a different consistency to all candles within Vera's own home.[30]

The consistency of the candle wax discovered on Vera's clothing, plus the evident coal dust, led Spilsbury to the conclusion that the girl's body had likely been hidden in either a coal shed or cellar prior to her body being discarded at Addison Road, and that this shed or cellar most likely had no electric light.[31]

Investigation

The rape and murder of Vera Page caused extensive public indignation and police mounted an intensive operation to apprehend her murderer. Over 200 police officers and detectives were assigned to the manhunt to apprehend the perpetrator;[32] these efforts saw extensive door-to-door public inquiries conducted throughout the vicinity of Vera's disappearance and discovery and exhaustive media appeals to the public for information. Over 1,000 people would be formally questioned in relation to the murder, and several thousand witness statements obtained by police throughout their subsequent inquiries.[33]

As Vera was a friendly but shy and wary child, investigators theorised she had likely been abducted and murdered by an individual she had known and trusted, and that this individual had lured her either to a warm room or into a car where he had proceeded to rape and murder her before stowing her body in either a coal cellar or a garage—as indicated by the extensive coal dust upon her clothes.[32] This individual had subsequently retrieved Vera's body from the coal cellar at or shortly before dawn on 16 December and proceeded to transport her body to Addison Road, inadvertently removing the finger bandage from his little finger as he removed his hands from beneath the child's arms.[6] A Mrs. Margaret Key informed investigators that at approximately 6:40 a.m. on 16 December, she had observed an individual whose physical appearance fitted that of a local man named Percy Orlando Rush pushing a wheelbarrow laden with a large bundle covered with a distinctive red table-cloth with a knitted fringe walking in the direction of Addison Road.[6]

The day following the discovery of Vera's body, a woman living close to Addison Road named Kathleen Short brought a child's red beret to the Notting Hill police station, stating she had found the item at approximately 9:30 the previous evening at a location investigators noted was quite close to where Vera had last been seen alive. This beret was identified by Vera's parents as belonging to their daughter, and was noted to smell of paraffin (although this odour may have been caused by Short initially storing the beret beneath a sink in her scullery). Short also informed investigators that close to the scene of her discovery, she had also located several sections of torn paper which she had collected and discarded, and a section of candle which she had herself used and then also discarded.[n 4] By 21 December, police inquiries had also produced an eyewitness who stated that on the morning of the discovery of Vera's body, the door to a coal shed close to Addison Road had been left unlocked and ajar, when on all other dates it would invariably have been closed and locked.[35]

The coal cellar in question, located close to the house on Addison Road where Vera's body was discovered, had no electric light, giving credibility to Spilsbury's theory that the child had either been murdered, and/or her body stored, in a basement or coal cellar with no electric light, and that her murderer had likely illuminated the scene via candlelight.[6] Investigators gave strong support to the theory that the girl's body had been temporarily concealed in this cellar after her murder, then transported via wheelbarrow to the location of her subsequent discovery.[36]

Percy Rush

Percy Orlando Rush was a 41-year-old married man who lived close to Blenheim Crescent and who had worked as a flannel washer in a launderette in Earl's Court for two years. Rush's parents lived on the upper floors of 22 Blenheim Crescent, and he and his wife had lived in the premises until 1925, although after their relocation to nearby Talbot Road, he had continued to regularly visit his parents, having a key to their home.[37] Rush freely admitted to having known Vera—whom he described as "a nice little girl"—for several years, although he claimed to have not seen her for approximately three weeks before her disappearance.[38]

In Rush's occupation he had come into contact with ammonia on an almost daily basis.[39] Furthermore, Rush had injured the little finger on his left hand in his workplace less than a week before Vera's murder.[40]

Formal questioning

Despite his protestations of innocence, Rush quickly became the prime suspect in Vera's murder.[6] He was initially questioned at Notting Hill police station on 18 December,[41] where he freely admitted to having worn a finger bandage since injuring the little finger of his left hand approximately one week previously.[42] According to Rush, after injuring his finger at work in early December he had made a rough bandage for the wound, although his wife had made a more compact and comfortable bandage for him from their domestic supply of bandages that same evening so that the ammonia he came into contact with at work did not aggravate the wound. Nonetheless, Rush claimed to have disposed of this second bandage in his fireplace on 11 December.[40]

Some of Rush's claims regarding his finger bandage were confirmed by several of his colleagues, who told investigators Rush had indeed injured the little finger of his left hand on 9 December, and had returned to work the next day wearing a homemade bandage to protect the wound against ammoniated water. Nonetheless, these colleagues were uncertain as to whether he had been wearing the bandage on 14 December.[43]

A search of Rush's Talbot Road home had uncovered bandages, plus a distinctive red table-cloth with a knitted fringe[18] which had likely been used to cover Vera's body as he had transported her remains from the coal shed to the garden of 89 Addison Road. A forensic examination of the consistency of candle wax discovered upon Vera's right shoulder revealed the substance to be identical to that found on a used candle recovered from Rush's home and also to wax discovered upon his own overcoat.[30] Furthermore, this overcoat was found to contain traces of coal dust and semen.[40][n 5]

The ammonia-soaked finger bandage recovered from the crime scene was found to be a perfect fit upon Rush's injured finger, although Rush remained adamant he had not worn any form of bandage upon his finger since 11 December, explaining to investigators he had simply wished to "harden the wound". Furthermore, Rush freely admitted to having visited his parents at 22 Blenheim Crescent on an almost weekly basis, and to have known Vera, although he remained adamant he had not seen the child for "about three weeks" prior to the date of her disappearance.[38]

The finger bandage recovered at the crime scene was subjected to further forensic analysis by the Home Office analyst, Dr. Roche Lynch, who determined that it had been used to conceal a suppurating wound and that the bandage had been soaked in ammonia on at least one occasion.[6] Nonetheless, Dr. Lynch stated that, having also examined this bandage with the assistance of ultra violet light, he had formed the conclusion that the material was of a different consistency than bandage and lint samples recovered by investigators during their formal search of Rush's home.[40]

Coroner's inquest

The coroner's inquest into Vera Page's murder was opened at the Coroner's Court in, Paddington, London, on 10 February 1932.[9] The hearings were held before Dr. Samuel Ingleby Oddie,[44] who opened the proceedings by stating: "The police have, with the greatest industry, interviewed almost everybody who knew little Vera or whom she was likely to know. They have taken actually more than 1,000 statements and the whole district has been gone through with a small tooth-comb. Out of all the people from whom they have taken statements, there is only one who knew her and whom she knew who was, at the time of the murder, said to have been wearing a finger-stall on his left hand ... This man, whose name is Percy Orlando Rush, had a wound on his left finger and was wearing a finger-stall ... he worked with ammonia. Statements have been taken from Rush, and he will be called before you and may satisfy you that the fact he was wearing a finger-stall about the time this girl disappeared was a mere coincidence."[45]

Rush's testimony

One of the first individuals to provide evidence the opening day of the proceedings was Rush himself, who stated he was "quite satisfied [he was] doing right" in testifying in his own defence. Though his movements on the date of the murder were never independently corroborated, Rush claimed that on the evening of the murder, he had finished work at 6:15 p.m. and had walked home.[46] As his wife, Daisy, had been visiting her mother, he had opted to go shopping for collar studs in Kensington Road as he did not wish to be alone in the family home.[47][48] He claimed to have returned home at approximately 8:30 p.m., that his wife had returned home shortly thereafter, and that the two had gone to sleep at approximately 10:15 p.m.[22] Rush further claimed to have not visited his parents on Monday 14 December, although he did admit that he had typically visited his parents on a Monday.[49][n 6]

In response to specific allegations from the coroner that he had intentionally lured Vera to the coal shed close to Addison Road where he had then proceeded to rape, then strangle the child before later discarding her body in the front garden of 89 Addison Road, Rush became emphatic in his denials,[50] claiming not to have known Vera as well as his initial witness statement to police had suggested and claiming to have only ever spoken to Vera once.[51] He also refused to answer a question as to why his claim to have been able to recognize a newspaper photograph of Vera shown to him by his wife following her murder contradicted his claim not ho have known her.[46]

Rush was then questioned about the injury to the finger of his left hand he had sustained on 9 December and his having worn a finger bandage in the days immediately following this injury. He admitted to having worn a finger bandage, primarily to protect the wound from ammonia, but remained adamant he had discarded the bandage after approximately two days, stating: "I intended to get the finger hardened by letting air get to it"—adding he did not care about the possibility of ammonia coming into contact with the wound causing him pain. Dr Oddie then responded with the question, "Did you know the bandage (discovered upon Vera's body) smelled of ammonia?" In response, Rush smiled—prompting a rebuke from Oddie—before denying the bandage was his.[46]

Although Rush did occasionally contradict himself throughout his testimony—particularly when questioned as to his recognizing Vera and his previous social interactions with her—no specific eyewitness accounts existed to place Rush in Vera's company on the day of her death, and extensive police inquiries at every chemist's shop in West London had failed to produce any individual who could recall having sold bandages of the type discovered upon Vera's body to Rush or his wife. Furthermore, the coal shed in which police alleged Vera had likely been murdered and/or her body stored before being disposed of at 89 Addison Road had been vacated five days before her murder. The previous owner, Thomas O'Connor, said he had taken the door's padlock with him.[52]

Acquittal

Ultimately, the jury determined that insufficient evidence existed to formally charge Rush with Vera's murder and reached a formal verdict of murder by person or persons unknown after just five minutes of deliberation.[53] In response to this verdict, Vera's mother burst into tears and was led from the courtroom by several friends—many of whom were also weeping[54]—as other women in the gallery openly booed and shook their fists at Rush, vocally declaring him to be a blatant liar.[55]

Aftermath

Two weeks after Rush's acquittal, the Sunday Dispatch published a front-page article offering a reward of £1,000 (the equivalent of approximately £62,300 as of 2026)[56] for any public information directly supplied via their appeal leading to the arrest and conviction of Vera's murderer. This appeal proved unsuccessful.[57]

No individual was ever charged with the murder of Vera Page. Percy Rush himself died of natural causes in Ealing in November 1961 at the age of 70.[58]

Undisclosed to the jury at the coroner's inquest into Vera's murder was the fact that Rush had been previously found guilty of indecent exposure in 1923 and 1927, receiving a month in prison on each occasion.[40] Furthermore, in June 1931 he had exposed himself to two young girls.[52]

Several decades after all charges against Rush were dismissed due to lack of evidence, a Notting Hill superintendent named George Cornish would state that during the initial police interrogation of Rush when he had simply been one of several potential suspects, officers had informed him of the finger bandage found at the crime scene. Superintendent Cornish would later state that officers had requested Rush voluntarily hand over all samples of bandages within his home, and he had complied with what Cornish later described as a disturbing "faint smile" upon his face.[9] Shortly thereafter, police conducted their formal search of his home. Superintendent Cornish later confirmed that this procedural error had been a crucial mistake which had likely allowed Rush to dispose of any bandage of the type he had worn on the day of Vera's murder and ultimately result in insufficient real evidence existing to charge him with the crime.[9]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ One individual did state to investigators that at approximately 8:45 p.m. on 14 December, he had seen a girl he believed to be Vera walking along Montpelier Road in the direction of Lansdowne Crescent. This man was able to accurately describe Vera's clothing, adding the fact she had been "swinging" her red beret in her hand.[17]
  2. ↑ This occupant of 89 Addison Road would inform investigators she had left her home at approximately 7:50 a.m. on 16 December, and had seen nothing untoward in her front garden.[18]
  3. ↑ Deep impressions of one finger and one thumb—both slightly bloodied—were discovered upon Vera's neck at her autopsy.[25]
  4. ↑ The sections of torn paper collected and disposed of by Kathleen Short are suspected to have been the remnants of the swimming certificates Vera had collected from the home of her aunt Minnie. These swimming certificates were never located.[34]
  5. ↑ Via a then-pioneering method of temperature control, investigators conclusively determined that spots of wax discovered upon both Vera's body and the overcoat of Percy Rush were a precise match to a partly-used candle subsequently discovered in Rush's home.[31]
  6. ↑ No individual was called upon at the coroner's inquest to verify Rush's statements as to his movements on 14 December or the days immediately thereafter.[48]

References

  1. 1 2 Wilson 1992, p. 61.
  2. ↑ "Vera Page Crime: Police Investigations Extended". The Glasgow Herald. 22 December 1931. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  3. 1 2 Wilson 1992, p. 56.
  4. ↑ Gaute 1991, p. 305.
  5. ↑ "FreeBMD: Births: Mar. 1891". FreeBMD. 19 September 2001. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wilson 1992, p. 62.
  7. ↑ Wilson 1992, pp. 61–63.
  8. ↑ "Girl Murdered: Demonstration Against Suspect". The Age. 12 February 1932. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Wilson 1992, p. 63.
  10. ↑ Oates 2009, p. 116.
  11. ↑ Oates 2009, pp. 116–117.
  12. ↑ "Little Girl's Body Found in Garden: Foul Play Suspected". The Shields Daily News. 16 December 1931. p. 1. Retrieved 28 August 2026.
  13. ↑ "Hunt for A Man in A Car: The Schoolgirl Murder". Leeds Mercury. 17 December 1931. p. 5. Retrieved 28 August 2026.
  14. ↑ "New Clues to Murder of Vera Page: Local Man who Knew Her". The Daily Telegraph. 23 December 1931. p. 12. Retrieved 27 July 2025.
  15. 1 2 Oates 2009, p. 119.
  16. ↑ Wilson 1992, p. 58.
  17. ↑ Whittington-Egan & Whittington-Egan 2006, pp. 87–89.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 Oates 2009, p. 120.
  19. ↑ "Little Girl's Body Found in Garden: A London Mystery". Lancashire Evening Post. 16 December 1931. p. 7. Retrieved 28 August 2026.
  20. ↑ "Girl Murdered: Demonstration Against Suspect". The Age. 12 February 1932. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  21. 1 2 Butler 1973, p. 110.
  22. 1 2 Oates 2009, pp. 126–127.
  23. 1 2 Browne & Tullett 1989, p. 310.
  24. ↑ Wilson 1992, pp. 57–58.
  25. ↑ "Button and Cord Clue to Girl Murderer". Daily Express. 19 December 1931. p. 2. Retrieved 28 August 2026.
  26. ↑ Browne & Tullett 1989, pp. 313–314.
  27. ↑ Browne & Tullett 1989, p. 313.
  28. ↑ Wilson 1992, pp. 58–59.
  29. ↑ "Girl Murder in London: Mystery Case of Vera Page, 10". The Herald. 16 March 1932. Archived from the original on 4 September 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  30. 1 2 Browne & Tullett 1989, p. 311.
  31. 1 2 Wilson 1992, pp. 62–63.
  32. 1 2 "200 Police Search for Murderer: Doctor's Theory of Crime". Derby Telegraph. 17 December 1931. p. 1. Retrieved 28 August 2026.
  33. ↑ Oates 2009, p. 128.
  34. ↑ Oates 2009, pp. 119–120.
  35. ↑ Wilson 1992, p. 60.
  36. ↑ "Vera Page Crime: Police Investigations Extended". The Glasgow Herald. 22 December 1931. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  37. ↑ Oates 2009, p. 117.
  38. 1 2 Oates 2009, p. 125.
  39. ↑ "Girl Murdered: Demonstration Against Suspect". The Age. 12 February 1932. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 Oates 2009, p. 124.
  41. ↑ Thorwald & Winston 1969, p. 317.
  42. ↑ Wilson 1995, p. 367.
  43. ↑ Thorwald & Winston 1969, p. 318.
  44. ↑ Wilson & Pitman 1984, p. 426.
  45. ↑ "Vera Page Riddle Unsolved: Continued from Page Seven". Western Mail. 11 February 1932. p. 8. Retrieved 29 August 2026 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  46. 1 2 3 "Coroner Rebukes Witness: Percy Rush Told Not to Smile When Answering Questions". The Mirror. 11 February 1932. p. 4. Retrieved 29 August 2026 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  47. ↑ Rhodes 1993, p. 41.
  48. 1 2 "Vera Page Inquest Revelations". The Weekly News. 13 February 1932. p. 2. Retrieved 29 August 2026 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  49. ↑ Nash 1983, p. 193.
  50. ↑ "Murder of Girl: Open Verdict". The Sydney Morning Herald. 12 February 1932. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  51. ↑ "Girl Murder in London: Mystery Case of Vera Page, 10". The Herald. 16 March 1932. Archived from the original on 4 September 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  52. 1 2 Oates 2009, p. 123.
  53. ↑ "Girl Murdered: Demonstration Against Suspect". The Age. 12 February 1932. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  54. ↑ "Mother Led Away Sobbing". The Mirror. 11 February 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 29 August 2026 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  55. ↑ "Murder of Girl: Open Verdict". The Sydney Morning Herald. 12 February 1932. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  56. ↑ "Bank of England Inflation Calculator". Bank of England. Retrieved 29 August 2026.
  57. ↑ "Slayer Must Be Convicted: One Missing Link In the Chain of Evidence". Sunday Dispatch. 28 February 1932. p. 8. Retrieved 29 August 2026 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  58. ↑ "FreeBMD: Deaths: Dec. 1961". FreeBMD. 19 September 2001. Retrieved 28 March 2021.

Cited works and further reading

  • Bondeson, Jan (2014). Murder Houses of London. Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1-445-61485-4.
  • Browne, Douglas Gordon; Tullett, Tom (1989). Bernard Spilsbury: His Life and Cases. Dorchester: Dorset Press. ISBN 978-0-856-17216-8.
  • Butler, Ivan (1973). Murderers' England. London: Robert Hale Publishers. ISBN 978-0-709-14054-2.
  • Canning, John (1992). Unsolved Murders and Mysteries. London: Little, Brown Book Group Limited. ISBN 978-0-751-50896-3.
  • Davis, Mick (2026). Notting Hill and North Kensington Murders and Misdemeanours. Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1-398-13408-9.
  • Fido, Martin (1995). Twentieth Century Murder: A Year by Year Account of the World's Most Pitiless Crimes. London: Bracken Books. ISBN 978-0-140-01775-5.
  • Finn, Pat (2017). Unsolved 1931: A List of Unsolved Murders from 1931. Amazon. ISBN 978-1-978-15469-8.
  • Gaute, J. H. H. (1991). The New Murderers' Who's Who. Dorchester: Dorset Press. ISBN 978-0-880-29582-6.
  • Lane, Brian (1991). The Murder Guide to Great Britain. London: Robinson Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-854-87083-1.
  • Nash, Jay Robert (1983). Open Files: A Narrative Encyclopedia of the World's Greatest Unsolved Crimes. London: The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 978-0-070-45907-6.
  • Oates, Jonathan (2009). Unsolved London Murders: The 1920s and 1930s. Barnsley: Wharncliffe Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-845-63075-1.
  • Rhodes, Henry Taylor Fowkes (1993) [1952]. In the Tracks of Crime. Florida: Turnstile Press. ISBN 978-0-851-72211-5.
  • Scott-Davies, Alan (2011). Death on the Waterways. Cheltenham: History Press. ISBN 978-0-752-47268-3.
  • Thorwald, Jürgen; Winston, Richard (1969). Crime and Science: The New Frontier in Criminology. San Diego: Harcourt Publishing. ISBN 978-0-156-23050-6.
  • Whittington-Egan, Richard; Whittington-Egan, Molly (2006) [1992]. The Murder Almanac. Neil Wilson Publishing. p. 51. ISBN 1-897784-04-X.
  • Wilson, Colin; Pitman, Patricia (1984) [1962]. Encyclopedia of Murder. New York City: G. P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN 978-0-330-2830-07.
  • Wilson, Colin (1992). Murder in the 1930s. New York: Caroll & Graf. ISBN 978-0-881-84855-7.
  • Wilson, Colin (1995). Written in Blood: A History of Forensic Detection. Glasgow: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-58620-842-7.
This page is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.