Velykyi Burluk
Velykyi Burluk
Великий Бурлук | |
|---|---|
 Church of the Transfiguration. | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Velykyi Burluk Location within Ukraine  Velykyi Burluk Location within Kharkiv Oblast | |
| Coordinates: 50°02′59″N 37°23′18″E / 50.04972°N 37.38833°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Kharkiv Oblast |
| Raion | Kupiansk Raion |
| Hromada | Velykyi Burluk settlement hromada |
| Founded | 1656 |
| Area | |
• Total | 2.7 km2 (1.0 sq mi) |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 3,614 |
| • Density | 1,300/km2 (3,500/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Velikoburlutsk (Ukrainian: Великобурлуцька) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| ZIP Code | 62606 |
| Area code | +380 5752 |
| Website | vlb-gromada |
Velykyi Burluk (Ukrainian: Великий Бурлук, lit. 'Great Swamp', Russian: Большой Бурлу́к)[1] is a rural settlement in Ukraine, in Kupiansk Raion of Kharkiv Oblast. It hosts the administration of Velykyi Burluk settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[2] The population of the settlement is 3,614 (2022 estimate)[3]. The settlement was controlled by the Russian military between 24 February 2022 and 10 September 2022.
Geography
Velykyi Burluk is located 108 km from Kharkiv on the left bank of the Velykyi Burluk river[4] Upstream are the villages of Zamost and Buryakovka, downstream are the villages of Ploskoye and Balka, and on the opposite bank is the village of Goryanoye. The village is adjacent to the Nerub tract (oak) forest area.[5][6]
Etymology
Burluk means "big mud", "swamp" or "buruluk" in the Tatar language. The name likely originated in the 16th-18th century from the local Polovtsians or during raids by the Crimean Tatars.
History
Pre-revolutionary years
The village was first mentioned in written sources in 1675 under the name of Shevelivka[6] as a fortified point on the border of the Russian state, built to protect against raids of the Crimean Tatars.[7] Around 1680, the lands around the settlement were transferred to the estate of Colonel Konstantin Grigorievich Donets-Zakharzhevsky of the Kharkiv Sloboda Cossack Regiment and confirmed for his sons by a royal charter in 1693 as a reward: "for the many services of their grandfather, Colonel Grigory Donets, and for the service and death of their father, Konstantin Donets," who was killed in battle with the Azov Tatars.
In 1698, the village was destroyed by the Crimean Tatars, but in 1699–1700 it was rebuilt and incorporated into the Izyum Slobodskoy Regiment, no longer the Kharkov Regiment. In 1732, the Burluk "owner's settlement" contained 159 households and 755 male souls. It was a village in Volchansk uyezd of the Sloboda Ukraine.
In 1839, a church dedicated to the Transfiguration of the Lord was consecrated in Burluk. It was built by landowner Andrei Yakovlevich Dontsy-Zakharzhevsky in the St. Petersburg Empire style, designed by Vasily P. Stasov. Two years later, after Andrei Yakovlevich's death, the estate passed to his son-in-law Voin Dmitrievich Zadonsky, who was married to the deceased's daughter. In 1864, an elementary school was opened in the village.
In 1891, the village of Velykyi Burluk was the administrative center of the Velykyi Burluk volost Volchansky Uyezd, Kharkov Governorate, Russian Empire; it had 3,600 residents and 572 households, a school, a hospital, three inns, three shops, and an Orthodox church, and regular fairs were held there.
At the very beginning of the 20th century, a railway line from Belgorod to Kupyansk was built through Velykyi Burluk, which contributed to the village's development.[7] The peasants of Velykyi Burluk took part in the First Russian Revolution. In November 1905, they staged the Burlutsk Uprising; they sacked several landowners' estates; on November 27, they seized and divided 100,000 poods of grain among themselves. The uprising was brutally suppressed.
Soviet period
On 8 January 1918, Soviet power was established in Bolshoy Burluk, but in April 1918, the village was occupied by advancing Austro-German troops. Later, during the Russian Civil War, power changed hands several times. In December 1918, bandits led by the anarchist Sakharov attacked the Zadonsky estate in Velikiy Burluk and killed the entire Zadonsky family, Prince Vadbolsky, his wife, and daughter. Ekaterina Vasilyevna Zadonskaya (Neklyudova) also died at the age of 84.
According to the account of Yuri Petrovich Mirolyubov, here, on the Zadonsky estate, in the summer of 1919, Colonel Volunteer Army of the Armed Forces of South Russia Ali Izenbek allegedly found wooden tablets covered with incomprehensible writing (the "Veles Book", which modern historical scholarship considers a forgery by Mirolyubov). In December 1919, Soviet power was restored; in 1922 the agricultural artel "Trud" and the commune named after G. I. Petrovsky were established. In the spring of 1923, a small Burlutsky District was created from parts of the Burlutsky and Shipovatsky Volosts of the Volchansky Uyezd of the Kharkov Governorate of the Ukrainian SSR. It was later renamed the Velikoburluksky District; it was part of the Kupyansky Okrug; while part of the Burlutsky Volost was transferred to the Shipovatsky District.[6]
In 1926, a machine and tractor station was organized here; by 1941, it had 95 tractors and 26 combines. A local newspaper has been published here since August 1931.[8] In 1936, a power plant was built. Before the Great Patriotic War, in Velykyi Burluk, located on both banks of the Bolshoy Burluk River, there were 1,270 households, a machine and tractor station, a forestry area, a flour mill, a post office, a district council, and a windmill.[9]
During World War II, it was under German occupation from June 1942 to February 1943. During the Great Patriotic War, after the Barvenkovo Pocket on June 14, 1942, the village was occupied by advancing German troops. However, it was liberated by units of the 303rd Rifle Division (2nd Formation) of the Red Army on February 3-4, 1943. Subsequently, in accordance with the Fourth Five-Year Plan for the Restoration and Development of the National Economy of the USSR, the village was restored. A working youth school was opened in 1950. On October 7, 1963, the village was granted the status of urban-type settlement.[6]
In 1966, the population was 9,500; there were 13 schools with 1,548 students, a Culture Center, two central libraries, and a civilian airport.[9] In 1977, a state nature reserve was established in the area of the village.[10] In 1978, the butter factory, a district agricultural machinery plant, a consumer services plant, four comprehensive schools, a music school, a hospital, a cinema and four libraries were operating here.[6] In January 1989, the population was 5,224 people.[11]
Russo-Ukrainian War
Until 18 July 2020, Velykyi Burluk was the administrative center of Velykyi Burluk Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven. The area of Velykyi Burluk Raion was merged into Kupiansk Raion.[12][13]
The town was occupied by the Russian military on 24 February 2022, the first day of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[14] According to local residents, bombardment of the area began at 05:00, and the first Russian tanks entered the town around 08:00. There was no attempt to defend the town, and there were no Ukrainian forces in the area at the time of the invasion.[15] In July 2022, the pro-Russian leader of the area was reportedly killed by a car bomb by Ukrainian partisans.[16] On 11 September 2022, the town was retaken by Ukrainian forces during the autumn counteroffensive.[14]
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Later Velykyi Burluk was attacked by Russian forces many times. In particular, on 31 January 2024, guided air-dropped bombs hit local hospital.[17] Until 26 January 2024, Velykyi Burluk was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Velykyi Burluk became a rural settlement.[18]
On 7 April 2026, a drone strike destroyed a local architectural monument, the manor of the Donets-Zakharzhevsky family (1835).[19]
Economy
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Industry
- Velikoburluk Cheese Factory OJSC;
- Several machine and tractor workshops;
- Velikoburluk Bakery of the Velikoburluk District Consumer Union;
- Velikoburluk District Printing House.
Transportation
The village has two train stations: Burluk[6] (on the Belgorod-Kupyansk line)[5] and Poselochnaya. The distance to Kharkiv by train is 189 km.
Social sphere
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- Velikoburluk Lyceum;
- Velikoburluk Children's and Youth Sports School;
- Velikoburluk Children's Music School;
- Community Center;
- Museum;
- Hospital;
- Velikoburluk Veterinary Clinic;
- Velikoburluk IRC.
Climate
| Climate data for Velykyi Burluk (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −3.0 (26.6) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
3.5 (38.3) |
13.9 (57.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
26.5 (79.7) |
25.9 (78.6) |
19.6 (67.3) |
11.8 (53.2) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
11.8 (53.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.5 (22.1) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
8.5 (47.3) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.5 (65.3) |
20.5 (68.9) |
19.5 (67.1) |
13.8 (56.8) |
7.2 (45.0) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
7.3 (45.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.2 (17.2) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
3.5 (38.3) |
9.1 (48.4) |
13.1 (55.6) |
15.1 (59.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
8.8 (47.8) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
3.1 (37.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 44.1 (1.74) |
38.1 (1.50) |
34.9 (1.37) |
36.6 (1.44) |
51.8 (2.04) |
70.3 (2.77) |
59.1 (2.33) |
46.2 (1.82) |
48.1 (1.89) |
46.8 (1.84) |
45.3 (1.78) |
44.5 (1.75) |
565.8 (22.28) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.9 | 9.0 | 8.1 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 9.1 | 7.7 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 7.9 | 9.5 | 93.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 86.6 | 84.3 | 79.7 | 67.4 | 62.8 | 69.0 | 69.7 | 66.9 | 72.4 | 79.6 | 86.6 | 87.2 | 76.0 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization[20] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, Velykyi Burluk had a population of 4,937 inhabitants. In January 2013 the population was 4,053 people.[21] In 2001, the linguistic composition of the population was:[22]
Attractions
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- Orthodox church built in the 1830s (architectural monument).[6][23]
- Regional landscape park "Velikoburlukskaya Steppe". Area: 2,042.6 hectares. Located on the territory of the town Velikiy Burluk and the villages Katerinovka, Chervonaya Khvyly, Andreevka, Goryanoye, Shipovatoe and Ploskoye.[24]
- The wooden manor house of Zadonsky (an architectural monument from 1835), which for a long time housed a communal apartment; in a deplorable state.
- The Zadonsky estate in pre-revolutionary photographs
Notable people
- Aleksandr Voinovich Zadonsky (1834–1912), born in the village of Velikiy Burluk, lieutenant general of the Russian Imperial Army.
- Ivan Afanasyevich Kaliberda (1920–2020), born in the village of Velikiy Burluk, Hero of the Soviet Union.[25]
- Leonid Alekseevich Protsenko (1911–1943), born in the village of Velykyi Burluk, Hero of the Soviet Union, Red Army soldier.
- Fyodor Vasilyevich Chaika (1918–1974), graduated from eighth grade in the regional center of Velykyi Burluk, Hero of the Soviet Union.[26]
References
- ↑ "Километровая карта РККА M-37 (А): Курская, Белгородская, Воронежская и Харьковская области // Вел. Бурлук" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2021-11-09.
- ↑ "Великобурлукская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- ↑ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ↑ "Километровая карта РККА M-37 (А): Курская, Белгородская, Воронежская и Харьковская области // Большой Бурлук" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2021-11-09.
- 1 2 Великий Бурлук // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. том 4. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1971. стр.410
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Великий Бурлук // Украинская Советская Энциклопедия. том 2. Киев, «Украинская Советская энциклопедия», 1979. стр.155
- 1 2 Великий Бурлук // Історія міст і сіл Української РСР. Харківська область. — Київ, Головна редакція УРЕ АН УРСР, 1966.
- ↑ № 3146. Советский патриот // Летопись периодических и продолжающихся изданий СССР 1986—1990. Часть 2. Газеты. М., «Книжная палата», 1994. стр.412
- 1 2 "Километровая карта РККА M-37 (А): Курская, Белгородская, Воронежская и Харьковская области // Вел. Бурлук" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2021-11-09.
- ↑ Постановление Совета министров УССР № 198 от 19 апреля 1977 года «О дополнении перечня государственных заказников и установления охранных зон в районе Черноморского государственного заповедника и Азово-Сивашского государственного заповедно-охотничьего хозяйства»
- ↑ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу
- ↑ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
- ↑ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України. 17 July 2020.
- 1 2 Куліш, Поліна (3 November 2023). "«Хто не втрачав свободи, не зрозуміє як це»: жителі Великого Бурлука про окупацію та повернення до життя – ВІДЕО" ["Those who have not lost their freedom will not understand how it is": residents of Velyky Burluk about the occupation and the return to life - VIDEO]. Ґвара Медіа (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 6 January 2025.
- ↑ Малко, Роман (21 November 2022). "«Потім уже наші їх добили». Як був окупований і звільнений Великий Бурлук" ["Then our people finished them off." How Velykyy Burluk was occupied and liberated]. Український Тиждень (in Ukrainian). The Ukrainian Week. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
- ↑ "Leader of Russian-occupied Ukrainian town killed by car bomb -TASS". Reuters. 2022-07-11. Retrieved 2022-07-12.
- ↑ "Окупанти скинули авіабомбу на лікарню у Великому Бурлуці (фото з місця обстрілу)". Слобідський край. 2024-02-01.
- ↑ Алєксєєв, Віктор (1 January 2024). "Что изменится в Украине с 1 января" [What will change in Ukraine from January 1]. glavnoe.in.ua (in Russian).
- ↑ "РФ знищила у Великому Бурлуку на Харківщині садибу Донців-Захаржевських (фото)". Суспільне (in Ukrainian). 2026-04-07.
- ↑ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ↑ "Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2013 року. Державна служба статистики України. Київ, 2013. стор.98" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
- ↑ "Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України" (in Ukrainian).
- ↑ "Церковь Спаса Преображения. Каталог православных сооружений — описания и авторские фотографии православных монастырей, храмов, соборов, церквей, часовен". Archived from the original on 2013-07-26. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ↑ "«ВЕЛИКОБУРЛУЦЬКИЙ СТЕП». Регіональний ландшафтний парк".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Биографические очерки о Героях Советского Союза — Герой Советского Союза Калиберда Иван Афанасьевич". warheroes.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2012-11-29.
- ↑ "Биографические очерки о Героях Советского Союза — Герой Советского Союза Чайка Фёдор Васильевич". warheroes.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2012-11-29.