Unduk Ngadau

Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan
The crowning of the next Unduk Ngadau held annually at the Hongkod Koisaan Hall in Penampang District to mark the end of the Kaamatan festival
TypeKadazan-Dusun-Murut-Rungus (KDMR) beauty pageant[notes 1]
Parent organizationKadazan Dusun Cultural Association (KDCA)
Headquarters
First edition1960 (66 years)
Most recent edition2026
Current titleholderGelvia Vanessa Jenny
Papar
Chairwoman
Language
Websitekdca.org.my

Unduk Ngadau, or Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan, is a beauty pageant held annually during the Kaamatan cultural event in Sabah, Malaysia.[4][5] The pageant competition is originally held between different districts in Sabah (district level) and have since been expanded between different states and federal territories (national level) of Malaysia.[6][7] Currently, the pageant is contested between sumandak or bazad-bazad (Kadazan-Dusun), ralaa (Murut) and sumuni (Rungus) from the participating Sabah districts and territories as well as Kadazan Dusun Cultural Association (KDCA) branches outside Sabah who have been registered.[8]

It has been around for 66 years since its first inception in 1960, with Penampang District becoming the leading titleholder with the most titles, 24, followed by Papar District with seventh, Tanjung Aru and Inanam five respectively, Tuaran District four, and Kota Kinabalu City and Tamparuli three respectively. The participants usually either have parentage fully of Kadazan-Dusun-Murut-Rungus (KDMR) descent or partially, and the participants' fluency in the ancestral language, along with knowledgeability, has been a major requirement in recent editions.

The reigning Unduk Ngadau is Gelvia Vanessa Jenny of Papar who was crowned by the 2025 Unduk Ngadau, Atitih Yati Robert of Tamparuli, on 31 May 2026 at the Hongkod Koisaan Hall in Penampang, Sabah.[9]

Etymology

A group of Unduk Ngadau finalists donning traditional kebaya and Malaysian batik sarong in 2024

From its first inception in 1960, the beauty pageant was named Miss Kadazan (1960–1970), Miss Harvest Festival (1971–1980), Ratu Kaamatan or Ratu Pesta Menuai (1981–1990) and the current Unduk Ngadau (1991–present).[10][11] The word unduk means "to emerge and to spring out", like a new plant sprouting out from the ground, while the word tadau means the sun.[12] Thus, Unduk Ngadau means "the emerging sun".[12] The current title is also said to derive from the Dusun phrase runduk tadau which means "the woman crowned by the sunlight".[13][14] The current term "Unduk Ngadau" along with "Kaamatan" have been registered since the 2010s with the Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia (MyIPO), the country registrar of trademarks to protect the cultural beauty pageant from misuse by other organisations that have no connection to the official source.[15][16]

Cultural background

Huminodun is revered as the maiden who sacrificed herself to save her people from famine, and her spirit is believed to reside within the paddy, often referred to as Bambarayon (paddy spirit). The Unduk Ngadau beauty pageant is held to commemorate her.[17]

The Unduk Ngadau beauty pageant is held to commemorate the spirit of Huminodun, the mythological maiden who was an embodiment of beauty through her mind and soul.[6][18] Her willingness to sacrifice herself for her people from a famine symbolises loyalty, willingness and sacrifice, which are deemed several of the essential qualities each Unduk Ngadau winner must possess.[19][20] The cultural event subsequently empowers women, giving them the confidence to speak about their culture,[21] heritage and life in their indigenous languages, while, at the same time, showcasing the heritage and culture of their ethnic groups to the broader society nationwide and the world.[19][20][22] Unduk Ngadau is one of the most recognisable cultural events in Sabah and is unique to the state. The state-level beauty pageant is the highlight and ending point of the month-long Kaamatan celebration.[14]

History

A 1968 front-page clipping from the Kadazan-language daily Sabah Times, featuring Unduk Ngadau (Miss Kadazan) winners from 1960 to 1967

Following the approval and subsequent gazettement of the Kaamatan celebration as an official public holiday in the region on 9 May 1960 as proposed by the native chief of the Interior Dusun community OKK Sedomon Gunsanad Kina during the Conference of the District Chiefs and Native Chiefs of the Crown colony of North Borneo in 1956,[notes 2][23][24][25] the Unduk Ngadau beauty pageant was first held in the same year, in 1960, and women of Kadazan-Dusun descent vied for the title of Unduk Ngadau.[23][26]

Unduk Ngadau was first introduced at the district level in 1958,[21] the contestants of the state-level beauty pageant generally represent their districts.[27] Some districts hold joint pageants, producing more than one representative. The first Unduk Ngadau winner (known at the time as Miss Kadazan) was a Sino-Native named Yong Mee Lan from Penampang District.[10][23][28] Since her crowning, more than 20 representatives from the same district have won the title, resulting in Penampang District holding the most titles to date.[28] Papar District comes in second, with winners such as Talian Bunal in 1961, Marcella Tiansim in 1962, Molina Daniel in 1965, Florence Bibi in 1967 and more in the 2000s and 2010s.[29] In 2026, another pageant participant from Papar, Gelvia Vanessa Jenny, was crowned the Unduk Ngadau.[9] Papar District is followed by Tanjung Aru, with Mary Solly in 1979, Joan Gloria Tommy in 1987, Julia Augustine in 1990, Crystel Eve Huminodun in 2010 and Ryannie Neils Yong in 2015. Coming in fourth is Inanam, with Luzie Tham in 1993, Jeremiah Ginajil in 1998, Kathie Renjus in 1999, Hosiani James Jaimis in 2018 and Hyellene Danius in 2024, and both Tanjung Aru and Inanam have won five titles to date.[30][31][32] Tuaran District came in fourth, with Rita Bagong in 1964, Roslina Amit in 1980, Sylvia Sandralisa Orow in 1991 and Joanna Sue Henley Rampas in 2007—the only half-British Tuaran representative to date.[33]

Putatan District won their first title with Mary Badak in 1963. Years later, Anita Pudin won in 1992, the win places the district in the sixth place, and coming in seventh is Tamparuli with Mary Jaikoh Imbayan in 1971, Fharelynne Ivonne Henry in 2004 and Atitih Yati Robert in 2025,[34] and also Kota Kinabalu City with three titles in the 2010s, with Immaculate Lojuki in 2013, Cheryl Lynn Pinsius in 2014 and Kerinah Mah in 2017, placing them both in the fifth place.[35][36][37]

1995: Expansion of eligibility

Maylesthelyn Matius, a Top 7 finalist of Unduk Ngadau 2014, representing KDCA Klang Valley[38]
Cheryl Lynn Pinsius, the winner of Unduk Ngadau 2014, representing Kota Kinabalu City
Scarlett Megan Liew, a crowd-favourite who finished as the first runner-up in Unduk Ngadau 2014, representing Kota Marudu

Since 1995, the KDCA has recognised KDMR members residing outside Sabah, allowing Unduk Ngadau beauty pageants to be held outside the state and easing contestant logistics.[39] The beauty pageants aim to allow KDMR members outside Sabah to participate regardless of birthplace or background. It encourages them to maintain their indigenous heritage by at least being able to speak their ancestral language.[1][40] Since then, several states and zones outside Sabah have been sending their delegates to the main pageant. For instance, since 2000, a KDCA branch in Kuala Lumpur has begun holding its own Unduk Ngadau pageant, bestowing the title Klang Valley to the winner.[1][41] The first ever representative from Klang Valley was Angeline Ongkunik, and Klang Valley first won national-level Unduk Ngadau with Daphne Iking in 2003, just three years after its debut.[41]

The winner of Unduk Ngadau 2014, Cheryl Lynn Pinsius of Kota Kinabalu City (seated), in a group photo with the Top 7 finalists

In the following year, Janeitha Stephen of Klang Valley placed first runner-up to Tamparuli's Fharelynne Ivonne Henry. Many of the Klang Valley representatives achieved high placements at the national level—the 2001 representative Ryna Rychie James (second runner-up), 2005 Susanna James Kenson (fourth runner-up), 2007 Jaslinder Kaur (sixth runner-up), 2008 Anne Marie Tauriq Khan (sixth runner-up), 2013 Ledesma Steven (fifth runner-up), 2014 Maylesthelyn Ley Matius (sixth runner-up), 2016 Patricia Elsa Jimy (fifth runner-up), 2017 Sharlina Gilbert Mojinun (fifth runner-up) and 2019 Vinnie Alvionitta Sasising (sixth runner-up). Since 2012, a question-and-answer round in the ancestral language has been added to the beauty pageant.[42] Melinda Louis was one of the first to have succeeded in the particular question-and-answer round, and she was crowned Unduk Ngadau 2012.[43]

The Peninsular Malaysian KDCA branch of Johor began sending its delegates in 2014.[44] In the same year, Johor achieved its best to-date achievement with Liz Lorena Rayner, who placed second runner-up at the national-level.[45] Others later sent delegates—Penang in 2018, Putrajaya in 2019, and Malacca and Perak in 2021. Starting in the 2019 edition, contestants are required to be knowledgeable about current issues as the winner automatically becomes a cultural and tourism ambassador for Sabah, and each contestant is obligated to produce local culture research books apart from being fluent in their ancestral language.[8] Maya Hejnowska, a Kadazan-Polish contestant, was the first Eurasian to win the pageant in five years in 2021.[46] She succeeded Sherry Anne of Penampang, who won in 2016.[47]

2020s: Further expansions, official recognition as a national competition

The Unduk Ngadau 2024 Final[32]

In 2021, the paid voting system was introduced to the fans in order for them to vote for their favourite contestant by paying RM0.50 for each vote to help them advance to the semifinals.[48][49] In 2023, the state of Sarawak competed at the national level for the first time, with Marylyn Velarie Bolovin.[50] In 2024, the Unduk Ngadau beauty pageant was officially recognised as a national event in Malaysia.[7] Following the upgrade, every Unduk Ngadau contestant is expected to promote Sabah's culture and heritage and at the same time empowering themselves through skills and confidence.[2][21] In the 2025 edition, the Miss Popular CAN (Culture, Agrotourism, Nature) Video was awarded to Norasnih Madjalan of Klang Valley as her short film garnered 2,247 likes. The beauty pageant continues to be referred to as a state-level event, rather than a national-level one, since the current provisions of the KDCA constitution are yet to be amended.[36] Unduk Ngadau 2025 saw a major upgrade in its scoring method through the system of e-Unduk [notes 3] developed by local Sabahan IT expert Aedeshie Daisy Rayner.[37]

Titleholders

Unduk Ngadau or Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan

Year Unduk Ngadau or Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan District or territory References
2026 Gelvia Vanessa Jenny Papar [9]
2025 Atitih Yati Robert Tamparuli [34][36][37]
2024 Hyellene Danius Inanam [32]
2023 Carol Abbey Gail Grimaldi Papar [29][53]
2022 Frenerietta Sobitun Sandakan [54][55]
2021 Maya Hejnowska Api-Api [46][56][57]
2019 Francisca Ester Nain Karambunai [58]
2018 Hosiani James Jaimis Inanam [59][60][61]
2017 Kerinah Mah Kota Kinabalu [35]
2016 Sherry Anne Laujang Penampang [47][62]
2015 Ryannie Neils Yong Tanjung Aru [31]
2014 Cheryl Lynn Pinsius Kota Kinabalu [45][63]
2013 Immaculate Lojuki Kota Kinabalu [64]
2012 Melinda Louis Telupid [43]
2011 Botiza Arthur S. Disimond Penampang [65]
2010 Crystel Eve Huminodun William Majinbon Tanjung Aru [66][67]
2009 Appey Rowenna Januin Papar [29]
2008 Leonie Lawrence Gontuni Penampang [68]
2007 Jo-Anna Sue Henley Rampas Tuaran [33]
2006 Devenna Jaikob Sulaman [69]
2005 Madelyne M. Nandu Penampang [68]
2004 Fharelynne Ivonne Henry Tamparuli [30][68]
2003 Daphne M. Iking Klang Valley [30]
2002 Patrecia Raymond Kiulu [30]
2001 Nicolita Sanseh Masi Petagas [30]
2000 Regina Intang Melalap [30]
1999 Kathie Renjus Inanam [30]
1998 Jeremiah Ginajil Inanam [30]
1997 Jan Lisamarrie William Bongawan [30]
1996 Lynn Alfera Wong Elopura [30]
1995 Justinah Manius Kawang [30]
1994 Agatha Nora Lojimin Penampang [30]
1993 Luzie Tham Inanam [30]
1992 Anita Pudin Putatan [30]
1991 Sylvia Sandralisa Orow Tuaran [30]
1990 Julia Augustine Tanjung Aru [30]
1989 Deidre Peter Mojuntin Penampang [30]
1988 Jenny Alasa Penampang [30]
1987 Joan Gloria Tommy Tanjung Aru [30]

Ratu Kaamatan or Pesta Menuai

Year Ratu Kaamatan or Pesta Menuai District or territory References
1986 Johanna Sybil Disimond Penampang [30]
1985 Florence Jipiu Penampang [30]
1984 Datin Esther Sikayun Penampang [30]
1983 Mary Janet Kinjau Penampang [30]
1982 Margaret Dolly Jimayol Beaufort [30]
1981 Janet Anthony Dabbi Penampang [30]

Miss Harvest Festival

Year Miss Harvest Festival District or territory References
1980 Roslina Amit Tuaran [30][notes 4]
1979 Mary Solly Tanjung Aru [30]
1978 Veronica Jefferin Penampang [30]
1977 Mary Marjorie Kinjau Penampang [30]
1976 Edwina Totu Penampang [30]
1975 Datin Rita Sikawah Penampang [30]
1974 Susanna Jipanis Penampang [30]
1973 Prisca Tikoh Kulining Penampang [30]
1972 Evelyn Sinidol Penampang [30]
1971 Mary Jaikoh Imbayan Tamparuli [30]

Miss Kadazan

Year Miss Kadazan District or territory References
1970 Helen Mojiniu Penampang [30]
1969 Sylvia Totu Penampang [30]
1968 Rita Mojilis Penampang [30]
1967 Datuk Dr. Florence Bibi Papar [29][30]
1966 Patricia Sinidol Penampang [30]
1965 Molina Daniel Papar [29][30]
1964 Datuk Rita Bagong Tuaran [30]
1963 Mary Badak Putatan [29][30]
1962 Marcella Tiansim Papar [29][30]
1961 Talian Bunal Papar [29][30]
1960 Yong Mee Lan Penampang [10][30][28]

Total wins by district or territory

District or territory Win (s) Year(s) Reference(s)
Penampang 24 1960, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1994, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2016 [28]
Papar 7 1961, 1962, 1965, 1967, 2009, 2023, 2026 [29][9]
Tanjung Aru 5 1979, 1987, 1990, 2010, 2015
Inanam 1993, 1998, 1999, 2018, 2024
Tuaran 4 1964, 1980, 1991, 2007
Kota Kinabalu 3 2013, 2014, 2017
Tamparuli 1971, 2004, 2025
Putatan 2 1963, 1992
Sandakan 1 2022
Api-Api 2021
Karambunai 2019
Telupid 2012
Sulaman 2006
Klang Valley 2003
Kiulu 2002
Petagas 2001
Melalap 2000
Bongawan 1997
Elopura 1996
Kawang 1995
Beaufort 1982

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The annual Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan (originally Miss Kadazan) is a piece of the heritage of the Kadazan-Dusun community and has evolved into a showcase of cultural diversity and heritage in Sabah, promoting unity.[1] The pageant is a platform where participants begin their journey of confidence, knowing not just their culture and tradition, but also their family background and their role as Kadazan-Dusun, Murut and Rungus women.[2]
  2. ↑ During the Conference of the District Chiefs and Native Chiefs of the Crown colony of North Borneo in 1956, the native chief of the Interior Dusun community, OKK Sedomon Gunsanad Kina, proposed for the Kaamatan celebration to be gazetted as an official public holiday in North Borneo.[23] His request was agreed upon during the conference and officially gazetted by the British colonial authorities on 9 May 1960, about four years since the proposal was made during a meeting with British colonial officials.[23]
  3. ↑ The system is officially named the E-Unduk Digital Judging System and was developed by Ts. Aedeshie Daisy Rayner, a PhD candidate, under the E-Unduk Hybrid Judging Framework, which is based on multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDM). The framework combines Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) for initial filtering and weighted-score aggregation with Borda count for final ranking based on judges' consensus.[51] The latest version, E-Unduk v2.8.0, successfully underwent a controlled parallel pilot evaluation during the state-level Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan competition in May 2026.[52]
  4. ↑ To date, Roslina was the only winner who competed as a Muslim. Due to the enactment of the Sabah Sharia Criminal Offences Enactment in 1995, Muslim women have since been completely banned from competing in the beauty pageant, and any Kadazan-Dusun women who have converted to Islam were also prevented from joining the beauty pageant.[21][70][71][72]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Unduk Ngadau held in peninsula in past 21 years: Pageant head". Daily Express. 14 May 2014. Archived from the original on 2 May 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  2. 1 2 Lajiun, Jenne (26 May 2024). "Unduk Ngadau contest upgraded to national level". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  3. 1 2 John, J. Evachel (19 February 2025). "Joanna Kitingan, Mary Gambidau dilantik pengerusi bersama Jawatankuasa UNK 2025" [Joanna Kitingan, Mary Gambidau appointed co-chairs of UNK 2025 Committee]. Sabah Media (in Malay). Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  4. ↑ Wilson & Osman 2024, p. 51.
  5. ↑ Chong, Rebecca (30 May 2021). "Questioning Unduk Ngadau as a platform for KDMR traditions". The Vibes. Archived from the original on 3 May 2025. Retrieved 3 May 2025.
  6. 1 2 AN, Nazihah (2 June 2024). "Lagenda Huminodun, Ketahui Sejarah Menarik Di Sebalik Pertandingan Unduk Ngadau Sabah" [The Legend of Huminodun, Learn the Interesting History Behind the Sabah Unduk Ngadau Competition]. ILoveBorneo.my (in Malay). Archived from the original on 28 April 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
  7. 1 2 Anjumin, Ersie (26 May 2024). "Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan now a national competition". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 30 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.
  8. 1 2 Unto, Ricardo (29 May 2019). "64 to vie for State Unduk Ngadau title". Daily Express. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Unto, Ricardo; Glorie Leow, Esther (31 May 2026). "Papar's Gelvia crowned State Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan 2026". Daily Express. Archived from the original on 31 May 2026. Retrieved 31 May 2026.
  10. 1 2 3 Doksil, Mariah (14 May 2016). "Sabah's unique beauty pageant". The Borneo Post. Retrieved 30 April 2025 – via PressReader.
  11. ↑ "Sabah; Kaamatan and Unduk Ngadau". Watsons. 26 May 2022. Archived from the original on 30 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.
  12. 1 2 Lajiun, Jenne (16 May 2022). "Unduk Ngadau contestants body shamed". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 3 May 2025. Retrieved 3 May 2025.
  13. ↑ Martin, Maryanah (23 September 2015). "Legenda Huminodun" [Huminodun Legend]. Berita Harian (in Malay). Archived from the original on 25 April 2025. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
  14. 1 2 "Sejarah dan Keunikan disebalik Unduk Ngadau" [The History and Uniqueness behind Unduk Ngadau]. katamalaysia.my (in Malay). 6 July 2021. Archived from the original on 1 February 2025. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
  15. ↑ "MYIPO Certificate". Kadazan-Dusun Cultural Association. Archived from the original on 30 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.
  16. ↑ Lajiun, Jenne (30 March 2022). "'Unduk Ngadau' term misused by other private pageant organisers". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 30 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.
  17. ↑ "Huminodun – the virtuous 'goddess' that begets Kaamatan, Unduk Ngadau". Daily Express. 9 June 2024. Archived from the original on 26 April 2025. Retrieved 26 April 2025.
  18. ↑ "Unduk Ngadau more than just a beauty pageant". Bernama. 26 May 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2025 – via Astro Awani.
  19. 1 2 Ramli, Fadzli (28 May 2024). "'Unduk Ngadau' Empowers Women, Preserves Cultures And Traditions Of Sabah". Bernama. Archived from the original on 30 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.
  20. 1 2 "Unduk Ngadau not an ordinary pageant". Bernama. 1 June 2024. Archived from the original on 30 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025 – via Daily Express.
  21. 1 2 3 4 Åsgård 2002, p. 32.
  22. ↑ "Association of Beauty Queens Sabah: Empowering Women and Upholding Tradition". Nabalu News. 21 December 2023. Archived from the original on 30 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 Thien, David (3 June 2022). "Sedomon first to request the Kaamatan holiday". Daily Express. Retrieved 30 April 2025.
  24. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage Malaysia 2006, p. 72.
  25. ↑ Gin 2017, p. 358.
  26. ↑ Iman, Kyle (31 May 2023). "Since 1960, Sabah has been holding its own traditional beauty pageant: Unduk Ngadau". cilisos.my. Archived from the original on 28 April 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
  27. ↑ "Districts select winners for state-level Unduk Ngadau". The Borneo Post. 16 May 2022. Archived from the original on 30 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.
  28. 1 2 3 4 Lee, Stephanie (30 May 2017). "44 to vie for Harvest Queen title". The Star. Retrieved 30 April 2025 – via PressReader. Yong Mee Lan @ Mui Lan from Penampang was the first Unduk Ngadau to be crowned, while more than 20 representatives from Penampang had also won the Unduk Ngadau title over the years. Other beauties who have won are from Papar, Putatan, Tuaran, Tamparuli, Beaufort, Tanjung Aru, Inanam, Kawang, Sandakan, Bongawan, Tenom, Kiulu, the Klang Valley, Sulaman and Telupid.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Lajiun, Jenne (1 June 2023). "Sixth Unduk Ngadau from Papar crowned State Harvest Festival queen". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 2 May 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2025. Carol Abbey Gail is the sixth Unduk Ngadau from Papar crowned the State Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan. The five other Unduk Ngadau who won the title were Talian Bunal in 1961, Marcella Toinsim in 1962, Molina Daniel in 1965, Florence Bibi in 1967, and Appey Rowena Januin in 2009.
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Joos 2019.
  31. 1 2 Lee, Stephanie (4 June 2015). "Aspiring teacher is harvest queen". The Star. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  32. 1 2 3 Lajiun, Jenne (31 May 2024). "Primary school teacher Hyellene Danius National Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan 2024". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  33. 1 2 "Unduk Ngadau 2007, Sabah State Level, Malaysia". MySabah.com. 2007. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  34. 1 2 Unto, Ricardo (31 May 2025). "Tamparuli's Atitih crowned State Unduk Ngadau 2025". Daily Express. Archived from the original on 31 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
  35. 1 2 Geraldine, Avila (31 May 2017). "Kerinah Mah, crowned the new Unduk Ngadau queen". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
  36. 1 2 3 Lajiun, Jenne (31 May 2025). "Tamparuli's Atitih Yatie Robert 2025 Sabah State Level Unduk Ngadau". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 31 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
  37. 1 2 3 Chong, Rebecca (31 May 2025). "Tamparuli's Atitih Yatih Robert crowned Unduk Ngadau 2025". The Star. Archived from the original on 31 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
  38. ↑ "Flight stewardess is Klang Valley Unduk Ngadau". The Borneo Post. 5 May 2014. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  39. ↑ Ismail, Melissa Suraya (1 June 2022). "Unduk Ngadau, The Beauty Pageant Of The Sabahans". The Rakyat Post. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
  40. ↑ "6 Unduk Ngadau dimahkotakan di Semenanjung Malaysia" [6 Unduk Ngadau crowned in Peninsular Malaysia] (in Malay). Bernama. 12 May 2024. Archived from the original on 2 May 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2025 – via Harian Metro.
  41. 1 2 "Kaamatan Festival: Unduk Ngadau Is Also Held in Peninsula Malaysia". Bernama. 12 May 2024. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  42. ↑ Sokial, Sandra (23 May 2012). "RM45,000 jewelry boost for Unduk Ngadau". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  43. 1 2 Doksil, Mariah (1 June 2012). "Melinda first Unduk Ngadau winner from Telupid". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  44. ↑ Lajiun, Jenne (22 May 2014). "Johor Unduk Ngadau's entry questioned". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  45. 1 2 "KK's Cheryl is the Kaamatan Queen". Daily Express. 1 June 2014. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  46. 1 2 Chong, Rebecca (31 May 2021). "Kadazan-Polish beauty takes Unduk Ngadau 2021 crown". The Vibes. Archived from the original on 2 May 2025. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  47. 1 2 "Penampang lass is Harvest Queen". Daily Express. 1 June 2016. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  48. ↑ Anjumin, Ersie (23 May 2021). "Paid voting system draws mixed reactions from Unduk Ngadau finalists". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 4 May 2025. Retrieved 5 May 2025.
  49. ↑ Lai, Nancy (23 May 2021). "Online petition against monetizing Unduk Ngadau pageant". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 4 May 2025. Retrieved 5 May 2025.
  50. ↑ Jee, Natasha (1 May 2023). "Marylyn Velarie Bolovin crowned winner of KDCA Sarawak's Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan 2023". Sarawak Tribune. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  51. ↑ Rayner, Aedeshie Daisy (2026). E-Unduk Hybrid Judging Framework: A Configurable SAW-Borda Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Model for Cultural Competition Evaluation. ResearchGate (Technical report). Retrieved 20 August 2026.
  52. ↑ Rayner, Aedeshie Daisy (1 June 2026). E-Unduk v2.8.0: Major System Upgrade and Controlled Parallel Pilot Evaluation for Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan 2026. ResearchGate (Technical report). Retrieved 20 August 2026.
  53. ↑ Inus, Kristy (31 May 2023). "Papar's Carol Abbey Gail crowned as Unduk Ngadau 2023 winner". The Star. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  54. ↑ "Sandakan beauty Frenerietta Sobitun crowned 2022 Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan". Daily Express. 31 May 2022. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  55. ↑ Lajiun, Jenne (31 May 2022). "Sandakan's Frenerietta Sobitun 2022 Sabah Unduk Ngadau". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  56. ↑ Zulkepli, Ruzaini; Mustadi, Abdul Hafiz (31 May 2021). "Maya Hejnowska dimahkota ratu Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan 2021" [Maya Hejnowska crowned queen of 2021 Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan]. Astro Awani (in Malay). Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  57. ↑ Roslan, Suraidah (31 May 2021). "Maya Hejnowska dinobatkan Unduk Ngadau 2021" [Maya Hejnowska crowned 2021 Unduk Ngadau]. Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  58. ↑ Miwil, Olivia (31 May 2019). "Karambunai beauty Francisca crowned 'unduk ngadau'". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
  59. ↑ Edris, Saddam (31 May 2018). "Hosiani Unduk Ngadau 2018" [Hosiani 2018 Unduk Ngadau]. Utusan Borneo (in Malay). Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  60. ↑ Lajiun, Jenne (31 May 2018). "Hosiani crowned as 2018 Unduk Ngadau". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  61. ↑ "Unduk Ngadau 2018 winner: Not easy". Daily Express. 19 May 2019. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  62. ↑ Doksil, Mariah (13 May 2017). "'Unduk Ngadau has changed me for the better'". The Borneo Post. Retrieved 25 February 2022 – via PressReader.
  63. ↑ Lee, Stephanie (1 June 2014). "Cheryl Lyn of Kota Kinabalu crowned Harvest Queen". The Star. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  64. ↑ Doksil, Mariah (1 June 2013). "Hotel receptionist Immaculate crowned Unduk Ngadau". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  65. ↑ Fong, Durie Rainer (7 June 2011). "Bo Tiza is 'queen' for a year". The Star. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  66. ↑ JD, Floyd (5 June 2010). "2010 Harvest Festival queen". Retrieved 5 June 2023 – via Flickr.
  67. ↑ Doksil, Mariah (3 June 2011). "Ex-Harvest Queen Crystel joins 'green' pageant". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  68. 1 2 3 "'District Council inhouse Kaamatan necessary'". Daily Express. 23 June 2019. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 1 May 2025. See "A crowd of top former Unduk Ngadau" section
  69. ↑ "Unduk Ngadau 2006, Sabah State Level, Malaysia". MySabah.com. 2006. Archived from the original on 1 May 2025. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  70. ↑ "Wanita Muslim tidak boleh sertai Unduk Ngadau" [Muslim women are not allowed to participate in Unduk Ngadau] (in Malay). Bernama. 24 December 2018. Archived from the original on 28 April 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025 – via Sabah Post.
  71. ↑ Rahman, Azwa (8 May 2019). "Gara-Gara Nama 'Nurul', Peserta Ratu Cantik Ini Terpaksa Bawa Surat Pembaptisan" [Because of the name 'Nurul', this beauty pageant had to bring a baptismal certificate]. Gempak (in Malay). Archived from the original on 28 April 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
  72. ↑ "Due to requests by Muslim women: KDCA". Daily Express. 30 December 2018. Archived from the original on 3 May 2025. Retrieved 3 May 2025.

Bibliography

Further reading

  • Wikimedia Commons logo Media related to Unduk Ngadau at Wikimedia Commons
  • Official website of the Kadazan-Dusun Cultural Association
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