Trillium govanianum

Trillium govanianum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Melanthiaceae
Genus: Trillium
Species:
T. govanianum
Binomial name
Trillium govanianum
Wall. ex D.Don
Synonyms[2]
  • Trillidium govanianum (Wall. ex D.Don) Kunth

Trillium govanianum (Hindi name: nag chhatri) is a high-value medicinal herb belonging to the family Melanthiaceae and is mainly distributed from Pakistan to Bhutan between the altitudinal ranges of 2500–4000 metres above sea level across the Himalayan region. It is a native species of the Himalayas, usually preferring shady areas in the forest for its profuse growth.

The plant is a small herb and can be identified by its three leaves in one whorl at the summit of the stem and a solitary, purple flower in the centre. Leaves are broadly ovate, acute and conspicuously stalked.

Overexploitation and uprooting of this medicinal plant from natural habitat, to meet pharmaceutical industry demands has made the made a global threat to the population of nag chhatri with the small geographical niche. The rhizome part of T. govanianum has a high amount of steroidal saponins such as borassoside E and upon hydrolysis yield >2.5% diosgenin which is used for the preparation of steroidal and sex hormones.[3]

Researchers from CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, India working on the T. govanianum to decipher its chemical constituents, genetic composition and vegetative propagation methods. Moreover, only 13 phytoconstituents were isolated from the rhizome part of T. govanianum, including 10 steroidal saponins,[4][5] two phytoecdysteroids, and one trihydrylated fatty acid.[6] Apart from that approximately, 24 steroidal saponins in parent extract[7] and nine hydrophilic compounds in n-Hexane fraction[8] were tentatively identified in T. govanianum by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and GC/MS respectively. The extract Fractions and isolated steroidal saponins from T. govanianum have exhibited insecticidal,[9] pro-diabetic enzymes inhibition,[10] and anti-inflammatory[11] activity.

The government of Himachal Pradesh, J&K, are taking crucial steps to stop the illegal trade of Trillium and there are also many police cases behind its large collection and transportation from one place to other.

References

  1. ↑ Chauhan, H.K.; Bisht, A.K. (2020). "Trillium govanianum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T175804005A176257695. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T175804005A176257695.en. Retrieved 26 May 2026.
  2. ↑ "Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D.Don". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 26 May 2026.
  3. ↑ Sharma Shivam; Arun Sharma; Vineet Mehta; S. Rajinder; Udayabanu M. Chauhan; Hemant Sood (2016). "Efficient hydroalcoholic extraction for highest diosgenin content from Trillium govanianum (Nag chhatri) and it's in vitro anticancerous activity" (PDF). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 9 (4): 386–392. S2CID 88988552. Retrieved 26 May 2026.
  4. ↑ M. Ismail; M. R. Shah; A. Adhikari; I. Anis; M. S. Ahmad; M. Khurram (2015). "Govanoside A, a new steroidal saponin from rhizomes of Trillium govanianum". Steroids. 104: 270–275. doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2015.10.013. PMID 26505320.
  5. ↑ Prithvi P. Singh; Shivprasad S. Patil; Prateek S. Bora; V. Bhatt; U. Sharma (2020). "Govanoside B, a new steroidal saponin from rhizomes of Trillium govanianum". Natural Product Research. doi:10.1080/14786419.2020.1761360.
  6. ↑ S. U. Rahman; A. Adhikari; M. Ismail; M. R. Shah; M. Khurram; I. Anis; F. Ali (2017). "A new trihydroxylated fatty acid and phytoecdysteroids from rhizomes of Trillium govanianum". Natural Products Record. 11 (3): 323–327. S2CID 208265182. Retrieved 26 May 2026 – via TR Dizin.
  7. ↑ Prithvi P. Singh; Prateek S. Bora; Shivprasad S. Patil; V. Bhatt; U. Sharma (2020). "Qualitative and quantitative determination of steroidal saponins in Trillium govanianum by UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS and UHPLC‐ELSD". Phytochemical Analysis. 31 (6): 861–873. doi:10.1002/pca.2951.
  8. ↑ K. M. Khan; S. D. Sarker; G. A. Khan; H. Saleem; S. A. Khan; A. Mannan (2020). "Phytochemical profiling and evaluation of modified resazurin microtiter plate assay of the roots of Trillium govanianum". Natural Product Research. 34 (19): 2837–2841. doi:10.1080/14786419.2019.1590716. PMID 30905175.
  9. ↑ Shudh Kirti Dolma; Patil Shivprasad Suresh; Prithvi Pal Singh; Upendra Sharma; S.G. Eswara Reddy (2020). "Insecticidal activity of the extract, fractions and pure steroidal saponins of Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don for the control of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) and aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch)". Pest Management Science. 77 (2): 956–962. doi:10.1002/ps.6107. PMID 32985778.
  10. ↑ Patil Shivprasad Suresh; Prithvi Pal Singh; Yogendra S Padwad; Upendra Sharma (2021). "Steroidal Saponins from Trillium govanianum as α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, and Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitory Agents". Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 73 (4): 487–495. doi:10.1093/jpp/rgaa038. PMID 33793831.
  11. ↑ Patil Shivprasad Suresh; Prithvi Pal Singh; Anamika Sharma; Yogendra S Padwad; Upendra Sharma (2021). "Steroidal saponins of Trillium govanianum: Quality control, pharmacokinetic analysis, and anti-inflammatory activity". Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 35. doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102071.
  • Sanjay Kr. Uniyal and Arunava Datta (2012). Nagchhatri- A Plant in Peril. Journal of Biodiversity Management & Forestry. 1:1
  • Shalini Vidyarthi, S. S. Samant and Pankaj Sharma (2013). Dwindling status of Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D.Don-A case study from kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of medicinal plant research, 7(8), 392-397
This page is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.