Tom Maxwell (officer)

Thomas John Maxwell (19 June 1924 – 2019) was an officer in the Royal Air Force. He served as a Lancaster tail gunner (tail end charlie) during World War II. In March 1944, on his sixth mission of 32, his aircraft was hit by flak over Paris. He bailed out near Rouen, seriously injured by a loose parachute harness. He was sheltered by the Resistance and taken to Paris then Pau and over the Pyrenees into Spain. He went to Gibraltar and return to the UK. He was awarded an "immediate DFC" and commissioned, finishing the war in India. He retired from the RAF in 1978 and spent 10 years in the Sultan of Oman's Air Force.[1] He retired to Devon in 1988.[2][3] He died on 22 March 2019, aged 96. He was cremated with full military honours. He was the last surviving member of 622 squadron Lancaster LL828.

Biography

Tom Maxwell was born in Belfast on 10 June 1924. He was the only child of John Maxwell and Mary Maxwell nee Woodburn. They were from Co. Tyrone, John from Dunmore and Mary from Cookstown. John had come to Belfast to work in the Harland and Wolf shipyard. John and Mary were devout Presbyterians and Tom had a strict religious upbringing, but allegedly lost his faith during World War II. Tom attended Mount Pottinger School in east Belfast until age 16, when he left school to work as an accounts clerk in the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in Belfast. This was to support his mother, Tom's father passed away in 1937 from the effects of being gassed at the Somme where he was a private with the North Irish Horse regiment.

On 11 October 1941, Maxwell and two friends [4] attended the government recruiting office in Clifton Street, Belfast [5] and enlisted in the RAF Volunteer Reserve, Tom was Aircraftman (AC) 2nd Class service no. 1548296.[6] On 14 September 1942 he was mobilized and took the boat train to London, reporting to the RAF Aircrew Receiving Centre (ARC) in the club pavilion at Lords Cricket Ground.[7] He was billeted in Viceroy Court, St Johns Wood. Maxwell recounted that physical training (PT) took place on the outfield of the cricket ground. One day the PTI (physical training instructor) produced a bat, a ball and some stumps for an impromptu game of cricket.[8]

He started training as a bomber pilot and there was a rumour his group would be sent to Rhodesia to train. However, his group were told they were to be sent to RAF Topcliffe in N. Yorkshire to train as Air Navigators, something Maxwell definitely did not want. He reminded the RAF he was a volunteer and caused waves (he was already showing signs of being a 'bolshy' Ulsterman) by refusing to change training. This became a political issue - conscription did not apply in Northern Ireland and the UK government was keen to ensure the steady flow of ‘Loyal Ulstermen’ volunteers continued.[9] The RAF issued Maxwell a 10-day leave pass and a rail/boat warrant to ‘think things over’. He went back to Belfast, dropped his kit bag with the Head Porter of the Midland Hotel and wandered around Belfast. At the RAF Recruiting Office he was persuaded to return to London, which he did the same day, and elected to train as an Air Gunner.  

He started to train as an Air Gunner at RAF Morpeth, No. 4 Air Gunnery School [10] a three-month course on Blackburn Bothas.[11] After training he was posted to No 26 Operational Training Unit (OTU) at RAF Wing,[12] Bedfordshire. At RAF Wing he joined Sgt. Pilot Peter THOMSON RAAF,[13] navigator Sgt. Gordon STEVENS RAF, wireless operator Flt. Sgt. Peter JEZZARD RAF [14] , bomb aimer Sgt. Bruce ‘Doc’ HYDE RCAF, flight engineer Frank HARMSWORTH RAF and mid upper gunner Sgt. Gwillian ‘Taffy’ PEAKE. Training continued on Stirlings, Wellingtons and Lancasters. The crew was posted to 622 Squadron at RAF Mildenhall [15] in Suffolk, part of 3 Group Bomber Command. The Commanding Officer at RAF Mildenhall was Wing Commander ‘Blondie’ SWALES DSO, DFC and DFM [16]. Maxwell was promoted to Sergeant and then Acting Flt. Sergeant. The crew were assigned a new Lancaster LL828 call sign GI-J, with only 12 hours flight time. Maxwell's 1st 5 combat missions from Mildenhall were (1) Aborted, bad weather forced landing at RAF Gransden Lodge [17], (2) Training. (3) Schweinfurt, (4) Ausberg, and (5) Stuttgart [18].

The Raid on Stuttgart 15th March 1944

Tom's 6th mission was another nightime raid on Stuttgart [19] deep in the Rhur Basin of southern Germany. Tom was aged 19 years 8 months. After 'Bombs Away' over the target the aircraft rose dramatically and was immedtely hit by flak in the port wing [20]. A wing of fuel was lost and the 'port outer motor'. THOMSON turned the aircraft towards Paris, the reverse of the route in. North of Paris Flight Engineer HARMSWORTH said there was not enough fuel to reach England. The fuselage was now on fire risking comms between Tom and the crew and flames were creeping towards the rubber hydraulic hoses controlling the rotation of his turret.

The crew was discussing whether to bale out or ditch in the Channel. Tom later wrote  ‘The thing about baling out, in total darkness at night from a crippled Lncaster into water..... was a bit of a new thing.... the nearest one got was jumping off the top diving board into the warm water and brightly lit baths in Brighton in a flying suit and Me West. I was already well into a personal life saving situation and was totally disenchanted with the idea of ditching in the channel in total darkness at 100 mph with sea and swell conditions unknown. The idea did nothing for my morale at all’ [21].

Tom decided to bale out unaware of what was happening in the rest of the aircraft. THOMSON piloted the aircraft another 40k before giving the order to bale out. The aircraft crashed into a wood near Lannoy, on the France / Belgium border. THOMSON describes the final moments in Silk and Barbed Wire [22]. THOMSON, STEVENS and PEAKE became POWs. JEZZARD, HYDE, HARMSWORTH and MAXWELL evaded capture.

Tom landed in a ploughed field outside the village of Bazancourt to the NW of Paris and E of Rouen [23]. During the descent he sustained a serious groin injury due to a loose parachute harness. He waited until dawn and walked into the farmyard of Tancre de MAERTENS.

Obituary in the Daily Telegraph [24] Pyrenees along with 11 fellow RAF men. He was eventually taken to Pamplona by authorities and reunited with two crewmates. He was shortly thereafter sent to Gibraltar and sent back to England.[24]

He was a strong supporter of the RAF Bomber Command Memorial.[3]

Honors

References

  1. ↑ "The Formation of the Omani Air Force". RAF Museum. Retrieved 19 July 2026.
  2. ↑ "Tom Maxwell", The Times, p. 54, 4 April 2019
  3. 1 2 "Obituary: War hero who eluded Nazis and got back home after being shot down over France". BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. 27 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  4. ↑ Tom Maxwell archives. Sam Scott died in a motorcycle accident after joining the British Army. Ernie Malough died in a Japanese POW camp.
  5. ↑ Maxwell, Nick (4 February 2013). "The Forgotten Volunteers of World War II". History Ireland. Retrieved 16 July 2026.
  6. ↑ Tom Maxwell RAF MOD Certifcate of Service. National Archives.
  7. ↑ "Royal Air Force in St John's Wood in World War Two". St John's Wood Memories. Retrieved 16 July 2026.
  8. ↑ Tom Maxwell archives.
  9. ↑ [1] The National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939 did not apply to Northern Ireland. Despite Ulster being part of the UK with a strong Unionist government in Stormont (Belfast) there was opposition in Ulster and abroad, particularly Eire (neutral) and the USA (neutral in 1939) to having conscription forced upon the significant catholic population of Ulster.
  10. ↑ "RAF Morpeth / Tranwell Airfield | Co-Curate". co-curate.ncl.ac.uk. Retrieved 25 July 2026.
  11. ↑ "Blackburn B-26 Botha - bomber". www.aviastar.org. Retrieved 25 July 2026.
  12. ↑ "No. 26 Operational Training Unit RAF - Our Contribution". www.birtwistlewiki.com.au. Retrieved 25 July 2026.
  13. ↑ "Thomson, Peter Angus (Pilot Officer)". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 25 July 2026.
  14. ↑ "487 - An outstanding Second War Evader's D.F.M. group of five to award..." spink.com. Retrieved 28 July 2026.
  15. ↑ https://stellabooks.com/books/howard-j-sandall/quotwe-wage-war-by-nightquot-an-operational-and-photographic-history-of-no622-squadron-raf-bomber-command/1829988?srsltid=AfmBOool4U3zA5Job-1LhURNUyOo0ecovx2W--ATC_XXytBjn6hDv-sY Howard Sandall Historian of 622 Squadron
  16. ↑ enquiries@easyliveauction.com, Easy Live Auction-. "A WW2 bomber pilot's unique triple gallantry group, Distinguished Service Order (suspension bar date". www.easyliveauction.com. Retrieved 28 July 2026.
  17. ↑ Simon (29 January 2024). "Gransden Lodge Airfield History - Cambridge Gliding Centre". Retrieved 28 July 2026.
  18. ↑ Tom Maxwell's log book, retained by his family.
  19. ↑ "UK Government Web Archive". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
  20. ↑ Silk and Barbed Wire’. Chapter ‘The Ides of March’ by Peter Thompson pps 202 – 221. Pub. 2000 by Sage Pages (Australia). ISBN 0-9585961-1-5. 
  21. ↑ We Wage War By Night. A history of 622 squadron by Howard Sandall. Chapter Behind Enemy Lines, Page 209. Pub/ Schiffer Militraay History Publishing.
  22. ↑ Ibid.
  23. ↑ Dept. 60 Oise, not Dept. 15 Marne as reported in some versions.
  24. 1 2 Obituaries, Telegraph (26 April 2019). "Flight Lieutenant Tom Maxwell, Lancaster gunner who was shot down over northern France and escaped to Spain – obituary". The Telegraph. Retrieved 22 April 2023.


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