Timeline of United States diplomatic relations

The following is a timeline of major dates in U.S. diplomatic history, specifically the establishment or severance of official diplomatic relations, the diplomatic recognition of sovereign countries, and the opening or closure of diplomatic posts.

18th century

19th century

Early 20th century

1940s

  • January 8, 1940 – The United States establishes diplomatic relations with Australia.[43]
  • February 4, 1940 – The United States establishes diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia.
  • September 30, 1941 – The United States establishes diplomatic relations with Iceland.[44]
  • December 8, 1941 – Following Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States and Japan sever diplomatic relations.[21]
  • December 11, 1941 – Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Hungary sever diplomatic relations with the United States.[6][22]
  • December 12, 1941 – Romania severs diplomatic relations with the United States.[24]
  • December 13, 1941 – Bulgaria severs diplomatic relations with the United States.[32]
  • February 16, 1942 – The United States recognizes New Zealand and establishes diplomatic relations.[45]
  • November 8, 1942 – Vichy France severs diplomatic relations with the United States.[1]
  • June 17, 1944 – The United States formally recognizes Iceland as an independent republic.[44]
  • June 30, 1944 – The United States severs diplomatic relations with Finland.
  • October 16, 1944 – The United States and Italy re-establish diplomatic relations.[22]
  • December 1, 1944 – Following the liberation of Paris, the U.S. embassy in Paris re-opens.[1]
  • July 31, 1945 – The U.S. embassy in Warsaw, Poland re-opens.[34]
  • September 1, 1945 – The United States and Finland re-establish diplomatic relations.
  • September 25, 1945 – The United States and Hungary re-establish diplomatic relations.
  • October 24, 1945 – The United States joins the United Nations.[46]
  • January 21, 1946 – The United States and Austria re-establish diplomatic relations.[36]
  • October 1, 1946 – The United States and Romania re-establish diplomatic relations.[24]
  • July 4, 1946 – The United States recognizes the Philippines with the signing of the Treaty of Manila. The United States and the Philippines establish diplomatic relations.[47]
  • November 1, 1946 – The United States establishes diplomatic relations with India.[48]
  • August 15, 1947 – The United States formally recognizes India and Pakistan[48][49]
  • September 27, 1947 – The United States and Bulgaria re-establish diplomatic relations.[32]
  • February 4, 1948 – The United States recognizes Ceylon.[50]
  • May 14, 1948 – The United States recognizes Israel.[51]
  • October 29, 1948 – The United States establishes diplomatic relations with Ceylon.[50]
  • January 1, 1949 – The United States recognizes the Republic of Korea.[52]
  • January 31, 1949 – The United States recognizes Jordan.[53]
  • February 18, 1949 – The United States establishes diplomatic relations with Jordan.[53]
  • March 25, 1949 – The United States establishes diplomatic relations with the Republic of Korea.[52]
  • March 28, 1949 – The United States establishes diplomatic relations with Israel.[51]
  • July 25, 1949 – The United States joins NATO.[54]
  • December 28, 1949 – The United States recognizes Indonesia and establishes diplomatic relations.[55]

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

  • November 12, 2000 – The United States resumes diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia.[88]
  • May 2001 – The U.S. embassy in Belgrade, Serbia re-opens.[88]
  • January 17, 2002 – The U.S. embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan re-opens.[35]
  • May 20, 2002 – The United States recognizes Timor-Leste and establishes diplomatic relations.[89]
  • June 28, 2004 – Following the transfer of sovereignty from the Coalition Provisional Authority to the new Iraqi Interim Government, the United States and Iraq re-established diplomatic relations. The U.S. embassy reopens in Baghdad's Green Zone.[41]
  • August 15, 2006 – The United States re-establishes diplomatic relations with Montenegro.[90]
  • December 2006 – The U.S. Mission to the African Union opens in Addis Ababa.[91]
  • December 8, 2006 – The United States establishes full diplomatic relations with Monaco.
  • February 18, 2008 – The United States recognizes the independence of Kosovo and establishes diplomatic relations.[92]

2010s

  • 2010 – The U.S. Mission to ASEAN officially opens in Jakarta.[93]
  • July 9, 2011 – The United States formally recognizes and establishes diplomatic relations with South Sudan.[94]
  • February 6, 2012 – The U.S. embassy in Damascus, Syria suspends operations.[95]
  • July 26, 2014 – The U.S. embassy in Tripoli, Libya suspends operations.
  • February 11, 2015 – The U.S. embassy in Sanaa, Yemen suspends operations.[96]
  • July 20, 2015 – The United States re-establishes diplomatic relations with Cuba.[97]
  • December 6, 2017 – The United States recognizes Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.
  • December 2, 2018 – The U.S. embassy in Mogadishu, Somalia re-opens.[60]
  • March 11, 2019 – The U.S. embassy in Caracas, Venezuela suspends operations.[98]

2020s

  • June 2020 – The U.S. consulate in Nuuk, Greenland re-opens.[99]
  • August 31, 2021 – The U.S. embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan suspends operations.[35]
  • February 28, 2022 – The U.S. embassy in Minsk, Belarus suspends operations.[100]
  • February 2, 2023 – The U.S. embassy in Honiara re-opens.[101][102][68]
  • April 22, 2023 – The U.S. embassy in Khartoum, Sudan suspends operations.[103][104]
  • September 2023 – The U.S. embassy in Malé, Maldives opens.
  • September 25, 2023 – The United States recognizes the Cook Islands and Niue.[105]
  • March 30, 2026 – The U.S. embassy in Caracas, Venezuela resumes operations.[106]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: France". Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  2. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: The Netherlands". Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  3. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Spain". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  4. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Sweden". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: The United Kingdom". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Germany". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  7. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Morocco". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  8. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: The Republic of Genoa". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  9. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Portugal". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  10. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Denmark". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Algeria". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  12. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Austrian Empire". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Russia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  14. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Colombia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  15. 1 2 3 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Mexico". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  16. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Brazil". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  17. 1 2 3 4 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Turkey". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  18. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Venezuela". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  19. 1 2 3 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: China". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  20. 1 2 3 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Iran". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  21. 1 2 3 4 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Japan". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  22. 1 2 3 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Italy". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  23. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Liberia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  24. 1 2 3 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Romania". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  25. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Kingdom of Serbia/Yugoslavia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  26. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Thailand". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  27. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Korea". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  28. ↑ "Facts About American Ambassadors". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  29. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Cuba". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  30. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Panama". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  31. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Ethiopia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Bulgaria". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  33. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Czechoslovakia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  34. 1 2 3 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Poland". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Afghanistan". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  36. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Austria (The Republic of)". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  37. 1 2 3 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Albania". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  38. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Ireland". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  39. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Canada". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  40. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: South Africa". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Iraq". Office of the Historian. June 28, 2004. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  42. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  43. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Australia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  44. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Iceland". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  45. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: New Zealand". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  46. ↑ "History of the United Nations". United Nations. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  47. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Philippines". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  48. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: India". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  49. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Pakistan". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  50. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Sri Lanka". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  51. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Israel". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  52. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: The Republic of Korea (South Korea)". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  53. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Jordan". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  54. ↑ Sokol, Karen (January 6, 2025). "The North Atlantic Treaty: U.S. Legal Obligations and Congressional Authorities". United States Congress. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  55. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Indonesia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  56. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Vietnam". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  57. 1 2 3 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Cambodia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  58. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Laos". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  59. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Malaysia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  60. 1 2 3 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Somalia". December 2, 2018. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  61. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Senegal". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  62. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Nigeria". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  63. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Kuwait". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  64. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Kenya". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  65. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Singapore". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  66. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Bangladesh". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  67. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: The Bahamas". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  68. 1 2 3 4 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: The Solomon Islands". Office of the Historian. January 27, 2023. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  69. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Zimbabwe". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  70. ↑ "History of Shanghai". U.S. Department of State.
  71. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Holy See". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  72. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Republic of the Marshall Islands". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  73. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Federated States of Micronesia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  74. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Mongolia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  75. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Namibia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  76. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Ukraine". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  77. ↑ "The Collapse of the Soviet Union". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  78. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, 1776-2008: Croatia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  79. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Slovenia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  80. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Eritrea". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  81. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Angola". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  82. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: North Macedonia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  83. 1 2 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Palau". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  84. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Andorra". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  85. ↑ Andrew Glass (July 11, 2018). "U.S. and Vietnam establish diplomatic relations, July 11, 1995". Politico. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  86. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Liechtenstein". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  87. ↑ "Ho Chi Minh City Looking Forward". U.S. Department of State.
  88. 1 2 3 "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Serbia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  89. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Timor-Leste". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  90. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Montenegro". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  91. ↑ "U.S. Mission to the African Union". U.S. Department of State. October 2023.
  92. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Kosovo". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  93. ↑ "Mission - U.S. Mission to ASEAN". U.S. Department of State.
  94. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: South Sudan". Office of the Historian. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  95. ↑ "Suspending Embassy Operations in Syria". U.S. Department of State. February 6, 2012.
  96. ↑ "Yemen Crisis". U.S. Department of State.
  97. ↑ "Re-Establishment of Diplomatic Relations With Cuba". U.S. Department of State.
  98. ↑ "Emergency Notification – Venezuela Unrest March 12, 2019". March 29, 2019.
  99. ↑ Sarah Cammarata (June 10, 2020). "U.S. reopens consulate in Greenland amid White House's Arctic push". Politico. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  100. ↑ "US closes embassy in Belarus, lets staff leave in Russia". Associated Press. February 28, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2026.
  101. ↑ "Opening of the U.S. Embassy in Honiara, Solomon Islands". February 1, 2023.
  102. ↑ "Opening of the U.S. Embassy in Honiara, Solomon Islands". February 2, 2023.
  103. ↑ "Security Alert: Suspension of Embassy Operations (APRIL 23, 2023)". April 23, 2023.
  104. ↑ "Suspension of Operations at Embassy Khartoum". Office of the Spokesperson. April 22, 2023.
  105. ↑ Betsy Klein, Donald Judd (September 25, 2023). "US recognizes Cook Islands and Niue as independent states". CNN. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
  106. ↑ "Resumption of Operations at U.S. Embassy Caracas". Office of the Spokesperson. March 30, 2026.
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