North American Leaders' Summit
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The North American Leaders' Summit (NALS), called the Three Amigos Summit in the English language popular press, Cumbre de los tres amigos in Spanish and Sommet des trois amigos in French,[1][2][3][4] is the trilateral summit between the prime minister of Canada, the president of Mexico, and the president of the United States.[5] The summits were initially held as part of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP), a continent-level dialogue between the three countries established in 2005, and continued after SPP became inactive in 2009.[6][7]
The most recent North American Leaders' Summit was hosted by Mexican president Andrés Manuel López Obrador on January 10, 2023 in Mexico City.
Meetings
Until 2009, the summits were held as part of the wider Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America. There are no fixed dates for the summits and in some years a summit has not been held for varying reasons.[8] In 2011, the summit was postponed out of respect for the bereavement of the Mexican government after the death of Mexican Interior Minister Francisco Blake Mora, and in 2015, Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper cancelled the Three Amigos summit as a political statement to protest U.S. President Barack Obama's push against the Keystone XL oil pipeline.[9][10]
During the first administration of Donald Trump from 2017 to 2021, no official summits were held.[11] The leaders of the three countries continued to meet at other events, such as the signing of the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement during the 2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit.
During the second administration of Donald Trump, since 2025, there are no official summits planned to be held. The leaders of the three countries are involved with the 2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico. The three leaders briefly met trilaterally during the 2026 FIFA World Cup draw at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. on Friday, December 5, 2025.[12]
| No. | Year | Dates | Location | Host leader | Guest leaders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2005 | March 23 |  Waco, Texas | George W. Bush |  Vicente Fox.svg.png){kind=small} Paul Martin |
| 2 | 2006 | March 31 | Cancún, Quintana Roo | Vicente Fox | George W. Bush Stephen Harper |
| 3 | 2007 | August 20–21 | Montebello, Quebec | Stephen Harper | George W. Bush Felipe Calderón |
| 4 | 2008 | April 21–22 | New Orleans, Louisiana | George W. Bush | Felipe Calderón Stephen Harper |
| 5 | 2009 | August 8–11 | Guadalajara, Jalisco | Felipe Calderón | Stephen Harper Barack Obama |
| 6 | 2012 | April 2 | Washington, D.C. | Barack Obama | Felipe Calderón Stephen Harper |
| 7 | 2014 | February 19 | Toluca, State of Mexico | Enrique Peña Nieto | Stephen Harper Barack Obama |
| 8 | 2016 | June 29 | Ottawa, Ontario | Justin Trudeau | Barack Obama Enrique Peña Nieto |
| 9 | 2021 | November 18 [13] | Washington, D.C. |
Joe Biden | Justin Trudeau Andrés Manuel López Obrador |
| 10 | 2023 | January 10 | Mexico City | Andrés Manuel López Obrador | Justin Trudeau Joe Biden |
Photo gallery
I Summit of Leaders of America (2005).
II Summit of Leaders of America (2006).
IV Summit of Leaders of America (2008).
V Summit of Leaders of America (2009)..jpg)
VI Summit of Leaders of America (2012).
VII Summit of Leaders of America (2014).
VIII Summit of Leaders of America (2016)..jpg)
IX Summit of Leaders of America (2021)..jpg)
X Summit of Leaders of America (2023).
See also
- Bilateral relations
- Trilateral relations
- United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement, and its predecessor the North American Free Trade Agreement
- North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation
- Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America, predecessor to NALS
- North American Union, a theoretical economic and political union of the three countries
Notes
References
- ↑ Cheadle, Bruce (April 3, 2012). "Three Amigos summit not so chummy". Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
- ↑ Potter, Mitch (April 2, 2012). "Analysis: Stephen Harper faces tricky terrain during 'Three Amigos' summit". Toronto Star.
- ↑ Horsley, Scott (June 29, 2016). "Obama To Meet Mexican-Canadian Counterparts In Ottawa". Morning Edition. NPR. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
- ↑ Univision. "Tres temas clave de la cumbre de 'los tres amigos' entre México, EEUU y Canadá". Univision (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-01-20.
- ↑ "North American Leaders' Summit (NALS)". North American Commercial Platform. International Trade Administration, US Department of Commerce. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
- ↑ "President Bush to Attend North American Leaders' Summit in Canada". News Archive. Office of the White House Press Secretary. June 15, 2007. Archived from the original on January 11, 2009. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
- ↑ Baril, Sophie-Anne; Cicchitelli, Ernesto (July 1, 2016). "Three Amigos Convene Again: The 2016 North American Leaders' Summit". Council on Hemispheric Affairs. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
- ↑ "Stephen Harper postpones North American Leaders' Summit to late 2015". CBC News. January 15, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
"There is no fixed time of year for the three leaders to meet. Dates for the summit have been prone to change. The three countries rotated hosting duties between 2005 and 2009, but in 2010, Canada postponed a meeting that had been scheduled to be held in Wakefield, Que., and then did not host it at all... There was no summit in 2013.
- ↑ Fekete, Jason (November 12, 2011). "Tragic deaths force cancellation of Three Amigos summit in Hawaii". Ottawa Citizen. Postmedia News. Archived from the original on August 17, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
- ↑ Proudfoot, Shannon (June 28, 2016). "A cheat sheet for the Three Amigos summit". Maclean's. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Harper cancelled the 2015 summit amid mounting tension with the U.S. over the Keystone XL pipeline, which Obama ultimately rejected
- ↑ "Joe Biden to host first 'Three Amigos' summit since 2016". BBC News. November 10, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ↑
- ↑ "Leaders of U.S., Canada and Mexico to hold first Three Amigos summit in five years". Montreal Gazette. Reuters. November 10, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
The leaders started holding what is informally known as the Three Amigos summit in 2005 and met most years until 2016. The practice ended when U.S. President Donald Trump took office in January 2017.