Thomas Taylor (chemist)

Sir
Thomas Taylor
CBE
Taylor in 1946
Principal of the University College of the South West of England
In office
1952–1953
Preceded byJohn Murray
Succeeded bySir James Cook
1st Principal of the University College of the West Indies
In office
1946–1952
Preceded byFirst incumbent
Succeeded byW.W. Grave
Personal details
BornThomas Weston Johns Taylor
(1895-10-02)2 October 1895
Little Ilford, Essex, England
Died29 August 1953(1953-08-29) (aged 57)
Milan, Italy
Spouse
Rosamund Georgina
​
(m. 1922)​
EducationCity of London School
Alma materBrasenose College, Oxford, (BA)
Oxford University (DSc)
Military service
Allegiance United Kingdom
Branch/service British Army
Years of service
1915–1919
1940–1946
RankMajor
UnitEssex Regiment
Royal Engineers
Battles/wars
Scientific career
AwardsMedal of Freedom with Bronze Palm (1948)
FieldsOrganic chemistry, Botany
WorkplacesUniversity of Oxford
Academic advisors
Frederick Daniel Chattaway
Notable students
Rosemary Murray
William Golding

Sir Thomas Weston Johns Taylor, CBE (2 October 1895 – 29 August 1953) was an English chemist, academic, and university administrator.

He was the first Principal of the University College of the West Indies, serving from 1946 to 1952, and then Principal of the University College of the South West of England (later Exeter University) from 1952 until his death in 1953. He had previously been a Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford (1920–1946) and a lecturer in organic chemistry at the University of Oxford (1927–1946). He saw active service in the British Army during both World Wars.

Early life and education

Taylor was born on 2 October 1895 in Little Ilford, Essex, England.[1] He was educated at the City of London School, an all-boys private school in London.[2] Having received a scholarship, he studied chemistry at Brasenose College, Oxford, where he was taught by Frederick Daniel Chattaway.[3][4] His university studies were interrupted by military service during the First World War.[1] He returned to Oxford after the war, and graduated with a first class Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1920.[1] He was later awarded a Doctor of Science (DSc) degree by the University of Oxford.[2]

Military service

First World War

On 20 April 1915, having trained with the Officers Training Corps, Taylor was commissioned into the Essex Regiment as a second lieutenant (on probation).[5] He was assigned to the 3rd Battalion, Essex Regiment.[5] His commission and rank were confirmed in September 1915.[6] He saw active service on the Western Front in France, and also at Gallipoli.[2] He was wounded twice at Gallipoli.[7]

Second World War

When the Second World War broke out, Taylor returned to the British Army, and was commissioned as a lieutenant on 14 January 1940.[8] On 12 January 1941, he was assigned to the Royal Engineers and promoted to war substantive captain.[9] He served in its chemical warfare branch,[1][7] and was posted to the Middle East until 1943.[1] While a temporary major, he was mentioned in despatches "in recognition of gallant and distinguished services in the Middle East during the period November 1941 to April 1942".[10]

In 1943, Taylor moved to the United States where he had been appointed Director of the British Central Scientific Office (BCSO) in Washington, DC.[1][7] The role of the BCSO was to undertake varied scientific research in relation to the war, and to cooperate with American scientists.[11] He undertook research as varied as insecticides, paper parachutes, and shark repellents.[1] Then, from 1944 to the end of the war, he was assigned to South East Asia Command as Head of the Operational Research Division.[7]

Academic career

In 1920, Taylor was elected a Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford; his alma mater.[2] In 1927, he was additionally appointed a lecturer in organic chemistry at the University of Oxford.[1] As a researcher he specialised in stereochemistry, but made his name as an excellent teacher.[1][4] He was a demonstrator in organic chemistry at the Dyson Perrins Laboratory.[12] Among his students at Brasenose College was William Golding, who would move from studying science to literature and later won the Nobel Prize in Literature.[13] Among those he supervised at Dyson Perrins Laboratory was Rosemary Murray;[14] later Dame Rosemary and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge.[15]

In 1931, Taylor was awarded a Rhodes Travelling Fellowship, which took him to the United States and Canada.[16] In 1938, he took a sabbatical year to go on an expedition to the Galapagos, joined by zoologist David Lack and filmmaker Richard Leacock, among others. His wife, Georgina Lloyd Taylor, accompanied him on the expedition and kept a diary of the experience.[17] His research from the trip, Plant Pigments in the Galapagos Islands, was written up and presented to the Royal Society in 1940.[18]

Taylor was a member of the Chemical Society and served on its council from 1936 to 1939.[3]

Following the end of the Second World War, Taylor moved into academic administration: he had learnt during the war that he was a very capable administrator.[1] In 1946, he was selected as the first Principal of the University College of the West Indies in Jamaica.[12] His duties involved building up the university college, establishing it in a difficult political climate, and solidifying its finances.[1] He was successful, and was knighted for his efforts in 1952.[1][19] He left the Caribbean to return to England, where he had been appointed Principal of the University College of the South West of England (later to become the University of Exeter) in July 1952.[20]

Honours

On 23 May 1946, Taylor was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) "for services to the forces".[21] In 1948, he was awarded a Medal of Freedom with Bronze Palm by the United States government for his work in scientific research and development.[22] In the 1952 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Knight Bachelor, and therefore granted the title sir, in recognition of his work as Principal of the University College of the West Indies.[19] He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II during a service at Buckingham Palace on 8 July 1952.[23]

Personal life

In 1922, Taylor married Rosamund Georgina Lloyd, later known as Lady Taylor.[2] They had no children.[1]

On 29 August 1953, Taylor died suddenly while on holiday in Milan, Italy: he was 57 years old.[4]

Selected works

Text books

  • Sidgwick, Nevil; Taylor, T. W. J.; Baker, Wilson (1937). The Organic Chemistry of Nitrogen (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Richter, Victor von; Anschütz, Richard (1939). Taylor, T. W. J.; Millidge, A. F. (eds.). Organic chemistry; or, Chemistry of the carbon compounds. Vol. II - The Alicyclic Compounds and Natural Products. Nordemann.

Papers in academic journals

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Taylor, Sir Thomas Weston Johns". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36439. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Taylor, Sir Thomas (Weston Johns)". Who's Who. A & C Black. 1 December 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-954089-1. Retrieved 20 February 2019. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. 1 2 Hammick, D. Ll. (1954). "Sir Thomas Taylor, 1895–1953". J. Chem. Soc.: 765–768. doi:10.1039/JR9540000765. ISSN 0368-1769.
  4. 1 2 3 Millott, Norman (10 October 1953). "OBITUARIES – Sir Thomas Taylor, C.B.E." (PDF). Nature. 172 (4380): 652–653. doi:10.1038/172652b0. S2CID 4161719. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  5. 1 2 "No. 29135". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 April 1915. p. 3820.
  6. ↑ "No. 29304". The London Gazette. 21 September 1915. p. 9330.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "Sir Thomas Taylor". The Times. No. 52715. 1 September 1953. p. 8 – via Gale.
  8. ↑ "No. 34809". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 March 1940. pp. 1463–1464.
  9. ↑ "No. 35144". The London Gazette (Supplement). 22 April 1941. p. 2358.
  10. ↑ "No. 35697". The London Gazette. 8 September 1942. pp. 3951–3952.
  11. ↑ Klaus Gottstein (17 December 2018). Catastrophes and Conflicts: Scientific Approaches to Their Control. Taylor & Francis. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-429-85964-9.
  12. 1 2 "University College of the West Indies: Dr. T. W. J. Taylor, C.B.E". Nature. 158 (4019): 659. 9 November 1946. Bibcode:1946Natur.158R.659.. doi:10.1038/158659b0.
  13. ↑ Carey, John (2009). William Golding: The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-4391-8732-6.
  14. ↑ Special Collections & Archives Research Center. "January 1938 - Linus Pauling Day-by-Day - Special Collections". Oregon State University. Retrieved 24 April 2026.
  15. ↑ Alison Wilson (11 June 2014). Changing Women's Lives: A Biography of Dame Rosemary Murray. Andrews UK Limited. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-910065-34-1.
  16. ↑ "University College of the West Indies: Dr. T. W. J. Taylor, C.B.E". Nature. 158 (4019): 659–659. 9 November 1946. doi:10.1038/158659b0. ISSN 0028-0836.
  17. ↑ R. Georgina, Lloyd Taylor (2020). Civallero, Edgardo (ed.). Galapagos Diary (PDF). Charles Darwin Foundation. p. 4. ISBN 978-9978-53-071-9.
  18. ↑ Taylor, T. W. J. (1940). "Plant Pigments in the Galapagos Islands". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 129 (855): 230–237. ISSN 0080-4649.
  19. 1 2 "No. 39555". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 May 1952. pp. 3007–09.
  20. ↑ "University College Principals". The Times. No. 52377. 30 July 1952. p. 8 – via Gale.
  21. ↑ "No. 37574". The London Gazette (Supplement). 21 May 1946. p. 2441.
  22. ↑ "American Awards to British Men of Science". Nature. 161 (4084): 215–215. 7 February 1948. doi:10.1038/161215a0. ISSN 0028-0836.
  23. ↑ "No. 39594". The London Gazette. 11 July 1952. p. 3748.
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