TcNPR3 (gene)

TcNPR3 (Theobroma cacao Non-Expressor of Pathogenesis-Related 3) is a gene found in the genome of the plant Theobroma cacao that reduces the effectiveness of its immune response, including NPR1-mediated defense response, against pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae, Phytophthora megakarya, Phytophthora tropicalis and various species of Agrobacterium.[1][2][3] It can be mutated within the plant's genome using CRISPR-Cas9, allowing more effective immune response.[4][5][6]

References

  1. ↑ Shi, Zi; Zhang, Yufan; Maximova, Siela N.; Guiltinan, Mark J. (2013-12-06). "TcNPR3 from Theobroma cacao functions as a repressor of the pathogen defense response". BMC Plant Biology. 13 (1) 204. Bibcode:2013BMCPB..13..204S. doi:10.1186/1471-2229-13-204. ISSN 1471-2229. PMC 3878973. PMID 24314063.
  2. ↑ State, Penn (2018-05-10). "Scientists Use CRISPR to Improve Cacao Trees, Key to Chocolate". Drug Discovery and Development. Retrieved 2025-09-13.
  3. ↑ Fister, Andrew S.; Landherr, Lena; Maximova, Siela N.; Guiltinan, Mark J. (2018). "Transient Expression of CRISPR/Cas9 Machinery Targeting TcNPR3 Enhances Defense Response in Theobroma cacao". Frontiers in Plant Science. 9 268. Bibcode:2018FrPS....9..268F. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00268. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 5841092. PMID 29552023.
  4. ↑ "Event: enhanced resistance to phytophthora in non transgenic cacao progeny through crispr cas9 mediated mutagenesis of the tcnpr3 gene - The Huck Institutes (en-US)". www.huck.psu.edu. Retrieved 2025-09-13.
  5. ↑ Fister, Andrew S.; Landherr, Lena; Maximova, Siela N.; Guiltinan, Mark J. (2018-03-02). "Transient Expression of CRISPR/Cas9 Machinery Targeting TcNPR3 Enhances Defense Response in Theobroma cacao". Frontiers in Plant Science. 9 268. Bibcode:2018FrPS....9..268F. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00268. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 5841092. PMID 29552023.
  6. ↑ "Reduced Susceptibility to Phytophthora in Non-Transgenic Cacao Progeny Through CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated TcNPR3 Mutagenesis". Life Science Network. Retrieved 2025-09-13.


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