Trans-Golgi network vesicle protein 23 A

TVP23A
Identifiers
AliasesTVP23A, FAM18A, YDR084C, trans-golgi network vesicle protein 23 homolog A
External IDsMGI: 3665441; GeneCards: TVP23A
Orthologs
DatabasesNCBI: entry; OMA: entry
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

780776

383103

Ensembl

ENSG00000166676

ENSMUSG00000050908

UniProt

A6NH52

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001079512
NM_001318873

NM_001013778
NM_001359069

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001072980
NP_001305802

n/a

Location (UCSC)Chr 16: 10.76 – 10.82 MbChr 16: 10.24 – 10.27 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Trans-Golgi network vesicle protein 23 A (TVP23A) is a protein coded for the TVP23A gene, formerly known as FAM18A.[5] TVP23A is located on chromosome 16.[6] It is known to have human paralogs, TVP23B and TVP23C, as well as orthologs in many different species, notably yeast, mice, and chickens.[7] The general consensus on the TVP23A protein indicate that it has some function in the late Golgi apparatus and is involved in retrograde transport from endosomes back into the Golgi apparatus. The nature of this transport is still unknown.[8]

Gene

Locus

TVP23A is located at cytogenic band 16p13.13, on the negative strand of Chromosome 16.[6]

Location of TVP23A on Chromosome 16 (red line)

Alternative names

TVP23A stands for Trans-Golgi network Vesicle Protein 23A TVP23A, is the current name for the protein. Aliases of TVP23A include FAM18A, and rarely YDR084C.[5]

mRNA

Isoforms

There are two known isoforms of TVP23A, variant one and variant two, with variant one being the more common variant in humans.[6]

Protein

Structure

TVP23A is a member of the pfam superfamily containing the domain of unknown function 846 (DUF846).[9] TVP23A has a predicted molecular weight of 24.1 kilodaltons, an isoelectric point of 6.5, and relatively high amounts of tryptophan and phenylalanine.[10] The secondary structure of TVP23A consists primarily of alpha helices composing 4 transmembrane domains.[11] There is not much information on the tertiary structure of TVP23A or its homologs. iTASSER[12] was used to generate a prediction for the folding pattern of TVP23A, which supports the presence of multiple helix structures.

Protein structure of TVP23A as predicted by iTASSER

Expression

TVP23A is ubiquitously expressed in all human tissues.[13] There is evidence of higher expression in the brain tissue of mice.[14] The promoter for TVP23A is GXP_91266, spanning 1403 base pairs located on the negative strand of chromosome 16.[15]

Function

The hypothesized function of TVP23A is a transmembrane protein involved in retrograde transport of vesicles from early endosomes into the late Golgi apparatus.[16] TVP23A interactions with SNARE TVI1 were found to be required for retrograde transport. [17]

Interacting Proteins

TVP23A has been found to interact with four different proteins via Yeast two hybrid arrays.[18] Two of these proteins, YIPF1 and YIPF2, are believed to be Golgi transport proteins.

Protein Experiment Function
SCAND1 Two hybrid array Potentially a transcription factor (SCAN domains common in ZFP)
WIPF2 Two hybrid array Believed to be involved in actin filament remodeling
YIPF1 Two hybrid array Golgi transport protein
YIPF2 Two hybrid array Golgi transport protein

Homology

Homologous Domains

TVP23A is a DUF846 containing protein, which is homologous throughout TVP-type proteins. This domain contains the 4 transmembrane domains of TVP23A[19]

Paralogs

TVP23A has two paralogs, TVP23B and TVP23C. TVP23B and TVP23C are 96% similar to each other, and both are located on chromosome 17.[20] Due to the locations of these three genes, and their identities to each other, it is probable that ancestral TVP23 underwent duplication and translocation, giving rise to TVP23A on chromosome 16 and TVP23B/C on chromosome 17, which then underwent a second duplication to form TVP23B and TVP23C.

Gene Seq Length Seq Identity Chromosome
TVP23A 213 100% 16
TVP23B 205 54% 17
TVP23C 203 53% 17

Orthologs

TVP23A has been found in all multicellular eukaryotes, including fungi. This gene has not been found in bacteria.[21]

Genus and speciesCommon nameOrderDate of DivergenceNCBI Accession NumberSeq LengthSeq Identity
Homo sapiensHumanPrimate0NP_001072980213100%
Pan troglodytesChimpPrimate6.4XP_009428557.121398%
Mus musculusMouseRodentia88NP_001013800.122285%
Rattus norvegicusRatRodentia88NP_001101733.122284%
Canis lupus familiarisDogCarnivora94XP_547129.221397%
Camelus ferusWild Bactian CamelCeratiodactyla94XP_006190640.121392%
Bubalus bubalisWater BuffaloCeratiodactyla94XP_006068214.121393%
Miniopterus natalensisNatal Long-fingered BatChiroptera96XP_016053077.121393%
Myotis brandtiiBrandt's BatChiroptera96XP_005871809.121393%
Condylura cristataStar Nose MoleSoricomorpha96XP_012587517.121392%
Erinaceus EuropaeusEuropean HedgehogSoricomorpha96XP_016047734.125168%
Falco peregrinusPeregrin FalconAves312XP_005244242.120464%
Gallus gallusChickenAves320XP_015150063.121374%
Gekko japonicusSchlegel's Japanese GeckoReptile320XP_015265390.121075%
Thamnophis sirtalisGarter SnakeReptile320XP_013925075.130830%
Rana catesbeianaAmerican BullfrogAmphibian352ACO51802.120652%
Xenupus tropicalisAfrican Clawed FrogAmphibian353XP_017953113.119871%
Callorhinchus miliiAustralian GhostsharkChimaeriformes465XP_007903081.120670%
Rhizopus microsporusRhizopusFungi1105CEI91429.123135%
Mortierella elongataMortierellaFungi1105OAQ36303.121835%
dictyostelium lacteum Dictyostelium Fungi 1480 KYQ94004.1 220 34%

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000166676 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000050908 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. 1 2 "TVP23A".
  6. 1 2 3 "GeneCards". GeneCards.
  7. ↑ "AceView". AceView.
  8. ↑ "GenAtlas". GenAtlas.
  9. ↑ "DUF846".
  10. ↑ "SAPS". Biology Workbench. SDSC.
  11. ↑ "TMHMM". Biology Workbench.
  12. ↑ "I-TASSER server for protein structure and function prediction". zhanglab.ccmb.med.umich.edu.
  13. ↑ "Gene: TVP23A". www.ensembl.org.
  14. ↑ "GDS3142 / 1435130_at". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  15. ↑ "ElDorado". Genomatix.de. Archived from the original on 2001-02-24. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
  16. ↑ Inadome H, Noda Y, Kamimura Y, Adachi H, Yoda K (February 2007). "Tvp38, Tvp23, Tvp18 and Tvp15: novel membrane proteins in the Tlg2-containing Golgi/endosome compartments of Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Experimental Cell Research. 313 (4): 688–697. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.11.008. PMID 17178117.
  17. ↑ Stein IS, Gottfried A, Zimmermann J, Fischer von Mollard G (April 2009). "TVP23 interacts genetically with the yeast SNARE VTI1 and functions in retrograde transport from the early endosome to the late Golgi" (PDF). The Biochemical Journal. 419 (1): 229–236. doi:10.1042/BJ20081973. PMID 19076069. S2CID 24826243.
  18. ↑ "IntAct". www.ebi.ac.uk.
  19. ↑ "Pfam: Family: DUF846 (PF05832)". pfam.xfam.org.
  20. ↑ "BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  21. ↑ "UCSC Genome Browser Home". genome.ucsc.edu.
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