Sultanate of Swat
The Sultanate of Swat was a medieval Dardic[1] kingdom centred around the city of Manglawar between the 12th and 16th centuries. It was strongest of the several Dardic-speaking states in the region,[2] and encompassed the present-day Malakand, Buner, Panjkora and Swat valleys.[3][4]
The kingdom bordered Hazara region to the east, Peshawar Valley to the south, Bajaur to the west and the Kohistan region to the north.[5] The last notable ruler was Sultan Awes Jahangiri,[5][4] during whose reign Swat was ultimately conquered between 1510 and 1518 after a series of battles by Yusufzai Pashtuns under the leadership of Malik Ahmad Khan.[6] This led to the Pashtunization of the Swat and Panjkora regions along with the displacement of Dardic peoples, such as Torwalis and Gawris, to Swat Kohistan and Dir Kohistan.[6] Some accounts trace the origins of Shah Mir dynasty of Kashmir from these rulers of Swat.[7]
References
- ↑ Arlinghaus (1988), pp. 190–191: The family of the sultans of Swat and the nobility spoke Gibri, the Dardic language of Bajaur, and the common people spoke Yadri, another Dardic language.
- ↑ Arlinghaus (1988), p. 177: The Jahangiri sultans of Swat were most powerful of several local rulers in the Dardic-speaking regions.
- ↑ Arlinghaus (1988), p. 177.
- 1 2 Inam-ur-Rahim & Viaro (2002), p. 68.
- 1 2 Arlinghaus (1988), p. 191.
- 1 2 Arlinghaus (1988), p. 193.
- ↑ Hasan (2023), p. 42.
Sources
- Arlinghaus, Joseph Theodore (1988). The Transformation of Afghan Tribal Society: Tribal Expansion, Mughal Imperialism and the Roshaniyya Insurrection, 1450–1600. Duke University. OCLC 247004965.
- Inam-ur-Rahim; Viaro, Alain M. (2002). Swat: An Afghan Society in Pakistan: Urbanisation and Change in Tribal Environment. Karachi: City Press. ISBN 978-969-8380-55-7.
- Hasan, Mohibbul (2023). Kashmir Under the Sultans. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781032666709. ISBN 978-1-032-66670-9.