Solvated metal atom dispersion

Solvated metal atom dispersion is a method of producing highly reactive[1] solvated nanoparticles. Samples of a metal (or ceramic)[1] are heated to evaporate free atoms (or species), as in PVD evaporation. This vapor is then co-deposited with a suitable organic solvent (e.g. toluene)[2] at very low temperatures (on the order of 70K) to form a solid mixture of the two.[3] This is then warmed towards room temperature, producing solvated metal atoms or (over time) larger clusters. Sometimes, catalyst supports (such as SiO2 or Al2O3) are added to improve nucleation,[4] as the process can more readily take place on surface OH groups.

References

  1. 1 2 Sergeev, G.B.; Klabunde, K.J. (2013), "Solvated Metal Atom Dispersion (SMAD) for Making Metal Nanoparticles", Nanochemistry, Elsevier, pp. 55–73, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59397-9.00003-7, ISBN 978-0-444-59397-9, retrieved 2026-02-10
  2. ↑ Schubert, Ulrich; Hüsing, Nicola (March 2012). "7" (PDF). Synthesis of Inorganic Materials, 3rd Edition (Third ed.). Wiley. pp. 370–375. ISBN 978-3-527-32714-0.
  3. ↑ Klabunde, Kenneth J. (1992). "Solvated Atoms of Platinum, Palladium and Gold — Precursors to Colloids, Films and Catalysts" (PDF). Platinum Metals Review. 36: 80–84. doi:10.1595/003214092X3628084. ISSN 0032-1400.
  4. ↑ Klabunde, Kenneth J.; Li, Yong-Xi; Tan, Beng-jit (1991). "Solvated Metal Atom Dispersed Catalysts". Chemistry of Materials. 3: 30–39. doi:10.1021/cm00013a013. ISSN 0897-4756.
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