Shuhan (tribe)

The Shuhan (Kurdish: شووهان, Şûhan; Persian: شوهان), also known as Shwan (Kurdish: شوان, Şiwan), are a Kurdish tribe living mainly in Iran and Iraq. The Shuhan speak Kurdish and mostly follow Shia Islam.

History

The name of the tribe was pronounced Shuhan as well as Shwan.[1][2][3] The Shuhan was among the main tribes of Ilam province.[4] The Shuhan also lived around Kirkuk in Iraq.[5] Ely Banister Soane referred to the Shuhan in Kirkuk as pure Kurds, speaking Southern Kurmanji, and being Shafi'i Sunnis, also allied in origin with the Hamawand.[6] The tribe was divided into nine clans including 21 clans within them. They were traditionally centered around Zarrinabad between Karkheh and Abdanan.[1] Iraj Afshar Sistani listed the tribes of the Shuhan as the Safarkali, Buluch, Sharaf, Qaytol (including Mohsen and Abdollahvand), Kaveri (including Qoli, Ale-Busafari, Sida, Karambawa, and Kolli), Falak (including Khalifa and Qadirvand), Kalayvand (including Barkhordar, Marghazar, Kurkur, Sozi, Gholam, Shamin, and Zolfaqar), and Karambawa (including Varna-Ziyar).[7] Minorsky mentioned that the "Kurdishuhan" living in the south of Posht-e-Kuh spoke a dialect of Kurmanji Kurdish.[8]

References

  1. 1 2 ساختار اجتماعی-سیاسی ایل خزل ایلام در غرب زاگرس مرکزی از دیدگاه انسان شناسی، ص 182، علی نوراللهی، پژوهش‌های انسان‌شناسی ایران، دوره 13، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 24، شهریور 1402، ص 179-214. DOI: 10.22059/IJAR.2023.361624.459826.
  2. ↑ "KURDISH TRIBES". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2026-06-05.
  3. ↑ دولت رضا شاه و نظام ايلى: تأثير ساختار دولت قدرت گراى رضا شاه بر نفوذ قبايل و عشاير، احمد نقیب زاده، 2000, pp. 58.
  4. ↑ "ILĀM i. Geography". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2026-06-05.
  5. ↑ "KURDISH TRIBES". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2026-06-05.
  6. ↑ Notes on the Tribes of Southern Kurdistan, Ely Banister Soane, 1918, pp. 30-31.
  7. ↑ ايلام و تمدن ديرينۀ آن، افشار سيستانى، ايرج، ١٩٩٣، ص. 385-387.
  8. ↑ Minorsky, V. (1986). "Lur". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume V: Khe–Mahi. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-07819-2.
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