Short Film Palme d'Or
| Short Film Palme d'Or | |
|---|---|
.jpg) 2026 recipient: Federico Luis | |
| Awarded for | Best short film |
| Location | Cannes |
| Country | France |
| Presented by | Festival de Cannes |
| First award | 1957 |
| Currently held by | For the Opponents (2026) |
| Website | www |
The Short Film Palme d'Or (French: Palme d'Or du court métrage) is the highest prize given to a short film at the Cannes Film Festival.[1][2][3]
It's most recent winner was Argentine filmmaker Federico Luis for the short film For the Opponents at the 2026 Cannes Film Festival.
History
From 1952 to 1954 and from 1964 to 1974, the highest prize of the year for a short film was awarded as the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film, commonly referred to as Grand Prix. It was then in 1975 that the "Palme d'Or was reintroduced and became the enduring symbol of the Festival de Cannes."[4]
Before 1952, various prizes were awarded to short films, including a Grand Prix for Documentaries in 1947, five specific prizes in 1949, and a Grand Prix for Best Scientific Film in 1951.
During some years, short films are awarded the Prix du Jury, the Prix spécial du Jury, the Mention Spéciale, Hommage, and various prizes from the CST (Commission Supérieure Technique de l’Image et du Son), including the Grand Prix Technique.
Since the creation of the Cinéfondation section in 1998, is a common a joint jury for the Short Film Palme d'Or and for the Cinéfondation prizes.[3]
Among its past winners are Joris Ivens, Serge Bourguignon, Jane Campion, Jim Jarmusch, Carlos Carrera, Xavier Giannoli, Simón Mesa Soto, Ely Dagher, Juanjo Giménez, Sameh Alaa, Flóra Anna Buda and Nebojša Slijepčević.
Winners
The following list shows the short films that won the Short Film Palme d'Or, or the Grand Prix for the years that this was the highest prize awarded:
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1950s
| Year | English Title | Original Title | Director | Production Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Awarded as "Grand Prix" | ||||
| 1952 | ’t Schot is te boord! | Herman van der Horst | Netherlands | |
| 1953 | White Mane | Crin-Blanc: Le cheval sauvage | Albert Lamorisse | France |
| Awarded as "Palme d'Or" | ||||
| 1955 | Blinkity Blank | Norman McLaren[5] | United Kingdom, Canada | |
| 1956 | The Red Balloon | Le Ballon rouge | Albert Lamorisse | France |
| 1957 | A Brief History | Scurtă Istorie | Ion Popescu-Gopo | Romania |
| 1958 | The Seine Meets Paris | La Seine a recontré Paris | Joris Ivens | Netherlands |
| La Joconde: Histoire d'une obsession | Henri Gruel | France | ||
| 1959 | Butterflies Don't Live Here | Motýli tady nežijí | Miro Bernat | Czechoslovakia |
1960s
| Year | English Title | Original Title | Director | Production Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | Le sourire | Serge Bourguignon | France | |
| 1961 | La Petite Cuillère | A Colher Egípcia | Carlos Vilardebó | Portugal |
| 1962 | An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge | La Rivière du Hibou | Robert Enrico | France |
| Awarded as "Grand Prix" or "Grand Prix International du Festival" | ||||
| 1963 | A fleur d'eau | In wechselndem Gefälle | Alexander J. Seiler | Switzerland |
| Le Haricot | Edmond Séchan | France | ||
| 1964 | La douceur du village | François Reichenbach | ||
| The Price of Victory | 挑戦 | Nobuko Shibuya | Japan | |
| 1965 | Overture | Nyitány | János Vadász | Hungary[6] |
| 1966 | Skaterdater | Noel Black | United States[7] | |
| 1967 | Sky Over Holland | John Fernhout | Netherlands | |
| 1969 | Cântecele Renașterii | Mirel Ilieșiu | Romania | |
1970s
| Year | English Title | Original Title | Director | Production Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1972 | Le Fusil à Lunette | Jean Chapot | France | |
| 1973 | Balablok | Břetislav Pojar | Czechoslovakia | |
| 1974 | Ostrov | Остров | Fyodor Khitruk | Soviet Union[6] |
| Awarded as "Palme d'Or" | ||||
| 1975 | Lautrec | Geoff Dunbar | United Kingdom | |
| 1976 | Metamorphosis | Barry Greenwald | Canada | |
| 1977 | The Struggle | Küzdők | Marcell Jankovics | Hungary |
| 1978 | Rowing Across the Atlantic | La Traversée de l'Atlantique à la rame | Jean-François Laguionie | France |
| 1979 | Harpya | Raoul Servais | Belgium[6] | |
1980s
| Year | English Title | Original Title | Director | Production Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | Seaside Woman | Oscar Grillo | Argentina | |
| 1981 | Moto Perpetuo | Béla Vajda | Hungary | |
| 1982 | Merlin ou le cours de l'or | Arthur Joffé | France | |
| 1983 | Je sais que j'ai tort mais demandez à mes copains ils disent la même chose | Pierre Levy | ||
| 1984 | Le Cheval de fer | Gérald Frydman, Pierre Levie | Belgium | |
| 1985 | Marriage | Женитба | Slav Bakalov, Rumen Petkov | Bulgaria |
| 1986 | Peel | Jane Campion | New Zealand[6] | |
| 1987 | Palisade | Laurie McInnes | Australia | |
| 1988 | Vykrutasy | Выкрутасы | Garri Bardin[6] | Soviet Union |
| 1989 | 50 ans | Gilles Carle | Canada | |
1990s
| Year | English Title | Original Title | Director | Production Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | The Lunch Date | Adam Davidson | United States | |
| 1991 | With Hands Raised | Со кренати раце | Mitko Panov | Republic of Macedonia |
| 1992 | Omnibus | Sam Karmann | France | |
| 1993 | Coffee and Cigarettes (Somewhere in California) | Jim Jarmusch | United States[6] | |
| 1994 | El héroe | Carlos Carrera | Mexico | |
| 1995 | Gagarin | Гагарин | Aleksey Kharitidi | Russia |
| 1996 | Szél | Marcell Iványi | Hungary | |
| 1997 | Is It the Design on the Wrapper? | Tessa Sheridan | United Kingdom | |
| 1998 | L'Interview | Xavier Giannoli | France | |
| 1999 | When the Day Breaks | Wendy Tilby and Amanda Forbis[6] | Canada | |
2000s
| Year | English Title | Original Title | Director | Production Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | Shadows | Anino | Raymond Red | Philippines |
| 2001 | Bean Cake | David Greenspan | United States | |
| 2002 | After Rain | Esö után | Péter Mészáros | Hungary |
| 2003 | Cracker Bag | Glendyn Ivin | Australia | |
| 2004 | Trafic | Cătălin Mitulescu | Romania | |
| 2005 | Wayfarers | Подорожні | Igor Strembitskyy | Ukraine |
| 2006 | Sniffer | Bobbie Peers | Norway | |
| 2007 | Ver Llover | Elisa Miller | Mexico | |
| 2008 | Megatron | Marian Crișan | Romania | |
| 2009 | Arena | João Salaviza | Portugal | |
2010s
| Year | English Title | Original Title | Director | Production Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Chienne d'Histoire | Serge Avedikian | France | |
| 2011 | Cross-Country | Крос | Maryna Vroda | France, Ukraine |
| 2012 | Silent | Sessiz | L. Rezan Yeşilbaş[8] | Turkey |
| 2013 | Safe | 세이프 | Moon Byoung-gon | South Korea |
| 2014 | Leidi | Simón Mesa Soto | Colombia | |
| 2015 | Waves '98 | موج ۹۸ | Ely Dagher[9] | Lebanon, Qatar |
| 2016 | Timecode | Juanjo Giménez | Spain | |
| 2017 | A Gentle Night | 小城二月 | Qiu Yang[10] | China |
| 2018 | All These Creatures | Charles Williams[11] | Australia | |
| 2019 | The Distance Between Us and the Sky | Η απόσταση ανάμεσα στον ουρανό κι εμάς | Vasilis Kekatos[12] | Greece, France |
2020s
| Year | English Title | Original Title | Director | Production Country | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | I Am Afraid to Forget Your Face | ستاشر | Sameh Alaa | Egypt | [13] |
| 2021 | All the Crows in the World | 天下烏鴉 | Tang Yi | Hong Kong | [14] |
| 2022 | The Water Murmurs | 海边升起一座悬崖 | Jianying Chen | China | [15] |
| 2023 | 27 | Flóra Anna Buda | Hungary, France | [16] | |
| 2024 | The Man Who Could Not Remain Silent | Čovjek koji nije mogao šutjeti | Nebojša Slijepčević | Croatia, France, Slovenia, Bulgaria | |
| 2025 | I'm Glad You're Dead Now | Tawfeek Barhom | Palestine, France, Greece | [17] | |
| 2026 | For the Opponents | Para los contrincantes | Federico Luis | Mexico, Chile, France | [18] |
List of other awards
| Year | Award | Film | Director |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1940s | |||
| 1947 | Grand Prix - Documentaires | Inondations en Pologne | Jerzy Bossak, Wacław Kaźmierczak |
| 1949 | Prix pour le Sujet | Palle Alene i Verden | Astrid Henning-Jensen |
| Prix pour le Montage | Pacific 231 [19] | Jean Mitry | |
| Prix pour la Photographie | Biały redyk | Stanisław Możdżeński | |
| Prix pour la Couleur | Images Médiévales | William Novik | |
| Prix pour le Reportage Filmé | Seal Island | James Algar | |
| 1950s | |||
| 1951 | Grand Prix pour le Meilleur Film Scientifique | L'Eruption de l'Etna | Domenico Paolella |
| Prix Spécial du Jury | La Voie Est-Ouest | K. Gordon Murray | |
| Ukraine en Fleurs | Mikhail Slutsky | ||
| Lettonie Soviètique | F. Kissiliov | ||
| Esthonie Soviètique | V. Tomber, I. Guidine | ||
| Azerbaidjan Soviètique | F. Kissiliov, M. Dadachev | ||
| 1952 | Prix Spécial du Jury | Indisk By | Arne Sucksdorff |
| Prix pour la Couleur | Animated Genesis | Peter Foldes, Joan Foldes | |
| Prix Spécial du Jury - Film Scientifique ou Pédagogique | Groenland: Vingt Mille Lieux sur les Glace | Marcel Ichac, Jean-Jacques Languepin | |
| 1953 | Prix du Film de Realité | Houen zo! | Herman van der Horst |
| Prix du Film de Fiction | The Stranger Left No Card | Wendy Toye | |
| Prix du Film d'Art | Doderhultarn | Olle Hellbom | |
| Prix du Film d'Animation[20] | The Romance of Transportation in Canada | Colin Low | |
| 1954 | Prix du Film de Divertissement | Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom | Ward Kimball, Charles A. Nichols |
| Prix du Film de Marionettes | A Drop Too Much (O sklenicku víc) | Břetislav Pojar | |
| Prix du Film de Realité | Stare Miasto | Jerzy Bossak | |
| Prix du Film de Fantaisie Poetique | The Pleasure Garden | James Broughton | |
| Prix du Film de Nature | Aptenodytes Forsteri | Mario Marret | |
| 1955 | Prix du Meilleur Documentaire | Isola di Fuoco | Vittorio De Seta |
| Prix du Reportage Filmé | La grande pêche | Henri Fabiani | |
| Mention Spéciale | Zolotaia Antilopa | Lev Atamanov | |
| 1956 | Prix du Documentaire | La Corsa delle Roche | Gian Luigi Polidoro |
| André Modeste Grétry | Lucien Deroisy | ||
| Prix du Film de Fiction | Magdana's Donkey (Lurdzha Magdany) | Tengiz Abuladze, Rezo Chkheidze | |
| Mention Spéciale | The Puppets of Jiri Trnka (Loutky Jiriho Trnky) | Bruno Sefranek | |
| Mention au Film de Recherche | Together | Lorenza Mazzetti | |
| Tant qu'il y aura des bêtes | Braissai | ||
| 1957 | Prix du Documentaire[20] | City of Gold | Colin Low, Wolf Koenig |
| Prix du Film de Nature | Wiesemsommer | Heinz Sielmann | |
| Mention Spéciale | Ochotniki Iujnikh Morey | S. Kogan | |
| 1958 | Prix Spécial Ex-aequo | Auf den Spuren des Lebens | Fritz Heydenreich |
| Nez nam narostla kridla | Jiří Brdečka | ||
| 1959 | Prix Spécial du Jury | Histoire d'un poisson rouge | Edmond Sechan |
| Prix Ex-aequo | New York, New York | Francis Thompson | |
| Zmiana warty (The Changing of the Guard) | Włodzimierz Haupe | ||
| Mention | Le petit pecheur de la Mer de Chine | Serge Hanin | |
| Hommage | La mer et les jours | Alain Kaminker | |
| 1960s | |||
| 1960 | Prix Ex-aequo | Paris la belle | Pierre Prévert |
| A City Called Copenhagen | Jørgen Roos | ||
| Universe (French version: Notre univers) | Roman Kroitor, Colin Low | ||
| Mention d'Honneur | Dagen Mijner Jaren | Max De Haas | |
| Hommage | Enfants des Courants d'Air | Édouard Luntz | |
| Paris la belle | Pierre Prévert | ||
| Le sourire | Serge Bourguignon | ||
| 1961 | Prix Spécial | Párbaj | Gyula Macskássy |
| Mention Spéciale de la CST | Fuego en Castilla (Tactilvisión del páramo del espanto) | José Val del Omar | |
| Folkwangschulen | Herbert Vesely | ||
| 1962 | Prix Spécial du Jury Ex-aequo | Oczekiwanie | Witold Giersz, Ludwik Perski |
| Pan | Herman van der Horst | ||
| Prix de la CST du Cinéma Français | Oczekiwanie | Witold Giersz, Ludwik Perski | |
| Les Dieux du Feu | Henri Storck | ||
| 1963 | Prix Spécial du Jury | Moj Stan | Zvonimir Berković |
| Mention Spéciale du Jury | Di Domenica | Luigi Bazzoni | |
| You | István Szabó | ||
| Prix de la CST | Zeilen | Hattum Hoving | |
| 1964 | Prix Spécial du Jury Ex-aequo | Help! My Snowman's Burning Down | Carson Davidson |
| Sillages | Serge Roullet | ||
| Prix de la CST | Dawn of the Capricorn | Ahmad Faroughy-Kadjar | |
| 1965 | Prix Spécial du Jury | Monsieur Plateau | Jean Brismée |
| Troisième Prix | Johann Sebastian Bach: Fantasy in G minor | Jan Švankmajer | |
| Prix de la CST | Overture (Nyitany) | János Vadász | |
| Ban ye ji jiao (Le Coq Chante à Minuit) | Yeou Lei | ||
| 1966 | Prix de la CST | Skaterdater | Noel Black |
| 1967 | Prix Spécial du Jury Ex-aequo | Gloire à Félix Tournachon | André Martin |
| Jedan plus jedan jeste tri | Branko Ranitovic | ||
| Prix de la CST | Sky Over Holland | John Fernhout | |
| Mention Spéciale de la CST | Versailles | Albert Lamorisse | |
| 1969 | Prix Spécial du Jury | La Pince à ongles | Jean-Claude Carrière |
| Mention Spéciale de la CST | Toccata | Herman van der Horst | |
| Cîntecele Renasterii | Mirel Ilieşiu | ||
| 1970s | |||
| 1970 | Prix du Jury | The Magic Machines | Bob Curtis |
| Prix du Jury avec mention | Et Salammbo? | Jean-Pierre Richard | |
| 1971 | Prix du Jury Ex-æquo | Stuiter | Jan Oonk |
| Une Statuette | Carlos Vilardebó | ||
| Prix spécial du Jury | Star Spangled Banner | Roger Flint | |
| 1972 | Prix Spécial du Jury | Operation X-70 | Raoul Servais |
| Grand Prix de la CST | Zikkaron | Laurent Coderre | |
| 1973 | Prix Spécial du Jury | Az 1812-es év | Sándor Reisenbüchler |
| 1974 | Prix du Jury | Hunger | Peter Foldes |
| 1975 | Prix Spécial du Jury | Daryu tebe zvezdu | Fyodor Khitruk |
| 1976 | Premier Prix du Jury | Agulana | Gérald Frydman |
| Deuxième Prix du Jury | Nightlife | Robin Lehman | |
| 1977 | Prix Spécial du Jury | Di Cavalcanti | Glauber Rocha |
| 1978 | Prix du Jury Ex-aequo | Oh My Darling | Børge Ring |
| A Doonesbury Special | John Hubley, Faith Hubley and Garry Trudeau | ||
| 1979 | Prix du court métrage - Fiction | La Festa dels bojos | Lluis Racionero Grau |
| Prix du court métrage - Animation | Bum | Břetislav Pojar | |
| 1980s | |||
| 1980 | Prix du Jury Ex-aequo | Krychle | Zdenek Smetana |
| Canada Vignettes: The Performer | Norma Bailey | ||
| 1981 | Le Rat | Elisabeth Huppert | |
| Zea | André Leduc | ||
| Premier Prix du Jury | Zea | André Leduc | |
| 1982 | Prix du Jury - Animation | Meow | Marcos Magalhães |
| 1983 | Prix du Jury Ex-æquo | Too Much Oregano | Kerry Feltham |
| The Only Forgotten Take of Casablanca | Charly Weller | ||
| 1984 | Premier Prix | Tchouma | David Takaichvili |
| 1986 | Prix du Jury - Animation | Gaidouk | Y. Katsap and L. Gorokhov |
| Prix du Jury - Fiction | Les Petites Magiciennes | Vincent Mercier and Yves Robert | |
| 1987 | Deuxième Prix | Academy Leader Variations | David Ehrlich |
| Troisième Prix | Iznenadna I Prerana Smrt Pukovnika K.K. | Milos Radovic | |
| 1988 | Prix du court métrage - Animation | Traces of Sand (Ab Ovo / Homoknyomok) | Ferenc Cako |
| Prix du court métrage - Fiction | Physical Sculpture (Sculpture Physique) | Yann Piquer and Jean Marie Maddeddu | |
| 1989 | Mention Spéciale du Jury Ex-æquo | Yes We Can | Faith Hubley |
| Performance Pieces | Tom Abrams | ||
| 1990s | |||
| 1990 | Premier Prix du Jury | The Bedroom (De slaapkamer) | Maarten Koopman |
| Deuxième Prix du Jury | Revestriction | Barthelemy Bompard | |
| 1991 | Prix Spécial du Jury | Push Comes to Shove | Bill Plympton |
| 1992 | La Sensation | Manuel Poutte | |
| 1994 | Prix du Jury | Lemming Aid | Grant Lahood |
| Deuxième Prix | Syrup | Paul Unwin | |
| 1995 | Prix du Jury | Swinger | Gregor Jordan |
| 1996 | Small Deaths | Lynne Ramsay | |
| 1997 | Prix du Jury Ex-æquo | Leonie | Lieven Debrauwer |
| Les Vacances | Emmanuelle Bercot | ||
| 1998 | Horseshoe | David Lodge | |
| Gasman | Lynne Ramsay | ||
| 1999 | So-Poong | Il-Gon Song | |
| Stop | Rodolphe Marconi | ||
| 2000s | |||
| 2001 | Prix du Jury Ex-æquo | Daddy's Girl | Irvine Allan |
| Pizza Passionata | Kari Juusonen | ||
| 2002 | A Very Very Silent Film | Manish Jha | |
| The Stone of Folly | Jesse Rosensweet | ||
| 2003 | Prix du Jury | L'Homme Sans Tête | Juan Solanas |
| 2004 | Flatlife | Jonas Geirnaert | |
| 2005 | Mention Spéciale | Clara | Van Sowerwine |
| 2006 | Prix du Jury | Primera Nieve | Pablo Aguero |
| Mention Spéciale | Conte de quartier | Florence Miailhe | |
| 2007 | Mention Spéciale Ex-æquo | Ah Ma | Anthony Chen |
| Run | Mark Albiston | ||
| 2008 | Prix du Jury | Jerrycan | Julius Avery |
| 2009 | Mention Spéciale | The Six Dollar Fifty Man | Louis Sutherland |
| 2010s | |||
| 2010 | Prix du Jury | Micky Bader | Frida Kempff |
| 2011 | Badpakje 46 | Wannes Destoop | |
| 2016 | Mention Spéciale | A moça que dançou com o diabo | João Paulo Miranda Maria |
| 2017 | The Ceiling | Teppo Airaksinen | |
| 2018 | On The Border | Wei Shujun | |
| 2019 | Monster God | Agustina San Martín | |
| 2020s | |||
| 2021 | Mention Spéciale | August Sky | Jasmin Tenucci |
| 2022 | Lori (Melancholy of my Mother's Lullabies) | Abinash Bikram Shah | |
| 2023 | Fár | Gunnur Martinsdóttir Schlüter | |
| 2024 | Bad for a Moment | Daniel Soares | |
| 2025 | Ali | Adnan Al Rajeev | |
References
- ↑ "Short Films: the nine contenders for the 2017 Palme d'or - Festival de Cannes". www.festival-cannes.com. 27 May 2017. Archived from the original on 2018-01-21. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
- ↑ Winfrey, Graham (2017-04-12). "2017 Cannes Film Festival Announces Short Film Lineup". IndieWire. Archived from the original on 2018-01-21. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
- 1 2 "Cannes Court Métrage". www.cannescourtmetrage.com. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
- ↑ "The Palme d'or". Festival de Cannes. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
- ↑ "The Best NFB Films of the 1950s - NFB Blog". 6 September 2017. Archived from the original on 2020-08-08. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Walber, Daniel (14 May 2023). "The 10 Best Short Films in Cannes History". MTV. Archived from the original on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ↑ "The Other Palme d'Or: 6 Marvelous Cannes-Winning Shorts form Years Past|IndieWire". 20 May 2011. Archived from the original on 2021-08-04. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
- ↑ "Palme d'Or loves "Amour"|Festival & Awards|Roger Ebert". 14 December 2012. Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
- ↑ "Animated 'Waves 98' Wins Short Film Palme D'Or|Animation World Network". Archived from the original on 2021-02-06. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
- ↑ "Cannes 2017: Who won the Palme D'or? Full list of winners|The Independent". Independent.co.uk. 29 May 2017. Archived from the original on 2020-05-15. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
- ↑ "'All These Creatures' wins Short Film Palme d'Or - IF Magazine". 21 May 2018. Archived from the original on 2020-03-17. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
- ↑ "Greek Filmmaker Vasilis Kekatos Wins Short Film Palme d'Or at Cannes|GreekReporter.com". Archived from the original on 2020-12-02. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
- ↑ "Egyptian film wins a Golden Palm at the 2020 Cannes Film Festival" Archived 2020-11-01 at the Wayback Machine. Egypt Independent, October 30, 2020.
- ↑ "Cannes' Palme D'Or goes to Titane". Cineuropa. 17 July 2021. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
- ↑ Tartaglione, Nancy (28 May 2022). "Cannes Film Festival Winners Announced – Live". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
- ↑ Debruge, Peter (2023-05-27). "Cannes Awards: 'Anatomy of a Fall' Takes Palme d'Or, 'The Zone of Interest' and 'The Pot au Feu' Among Winners". Variety. Archived from the original on 2023-05-28. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
- ↑ "LIVE: The awards of the 78th Cannes Film Festival". Cineuropa, 24 May 2025.
- ↑ Goodfellow, Melanie (2026-05-23). "Cannes 2026 Winners: 'Fjord' Wins Palme D'Or". Deadline. Retrieved 2026-05-23.
- ↑ Pacific Steam Locomotive Railroad Film Jean Mitry Arthur Honegger 77804: Internet Archive
- 1 2 Beck, Jerry (25 February 2016). "NFB Pioneer Animator Colin Low (1926-2016)". IndieWire. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.