High school fraternities and sororities

High school fraternities and sororities, also called secondary fraternities and sororities, were inspired by and modeled after Greek-letter organizations which became prevalent in North American colleges and universities during the nineteenth century.[1] Omega Eta Tau, formed in 1859 as Torch and Dagger in Council Bluffs, Iowa, is the first known high school fraternity.[2] It was followed by Gamma Sigma, Alpha Zeta, Alpha Phi, Sigma Psi, Alpha Chi Sigma, Pi Phi, Gamma Delta Psi, Eta Kappa, and more.[2]

The establishment of other fraternities was fairly slow, gaining momentum between 1890 and 1900 as older organizations added chapters and new Greek letter organizations were established.[3] Most high school fraternities were located at schools in and near New York City and Chicago, with San Francisco being a third location.[3] San Francisco's Girls' High School had seven sororities by 1905.[3]

Although hundreds of local high school fraternities and sororities with only one or two chapters were founded in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many secondary fraternities founded during that time grew into legitimately national organizations with ten or more chapters in multiple states and with highly evolved national governing structures.

During the early 20th century, many fraternities that formed in the Eastern United States established chapters on the Pacific Coast.[3] In this era, President William Rainey Harper of the University of Chicago contacted the 464 largest secondary schools in the United States; 120 of the 306 reporting schools had one to six fraternities and many also had a sorority.[3] With this growth came a growing pushback against such “secret societies" in high schools, with critics labeling the groups as exclusionary and divisive, and their practices criticized as “obnoxious”.[3]

Some state and local governments banned fraternities and sororities in public schools. The states of Indiana, Kansas, and Minnesota, and the city of Madison, Wisconsin, adopted regulations in 1907.[3] Ohio passed an anti-fraternity law in 1908, as did the school board in St. Joseph, Missouri, and Worcester, Massachusetts.[3] California, Iowa, Nebraska, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington passed laws against secret societies in 1909.[3] In 1909, school boards in Kansas City, Missouri; Lowell, Massachusetts; and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma all approved prohibitory regulations, followed by Chicago; Denver; New Orleans; Butte, Montana; Meriden, Connecticut; and Racine, Wisconsin in 1910.[3] Michigan passed an anti-fraternity law in 1911, followed by Mississippi in 1912.[3] More school boards, including those in Covington, Kentucky; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Reading, Pennsylvania; Superior, Wisconsin; and Waltham, Massachusetts, passed regulations in 1911.[3] As a result of these regulations, many Greek letter organizations ceased to exist and were replaced by local clubs; at some schools, fraternities went underground or changed to community-based organizations.[3][4][5] This favored the survival of smaller or local organizations over the larger national fraternities that continued to operate in the open.[3]

In response to the anti-fraternity sentiment and policies, the Grand Inter-Fraternity Council was formed in February 1909.[3] Its purpose was "to promote the usefulness of preparatory and high school fraternities; to place before the public the objects of these organizations and create a body by which all grievances between fraternities, school and civil officials can be fairly terminated."[3] Its founding members were organizations that were at least ten years old and had more than five chapters.[3] In 1910, the council included 25 fraternities that represented 31,455 members.[3] By 1912, 46 fraternities had joined the council.[3] Its counterpart for sororities was the Junior Pan-Hellenic Congress.[6]

In December 1927, Gamma Sigma was the first high school fraternity to established a chapter outside of the United States and the first international high school fraternity, establishing its Alpha Zeta chapter in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada.[2] Theta Kappa Sigma sorority was established at Stamford Collegiate Institute in Niagara Falls, Ontario in 1932. By 1969, there were forty high school fraternities and sororities in the United States and Canada.[2]

The following is an incomplete list of secondary and high school fraternities and sororities.

Social fraternities

In the following of high school social fraternities, active groups are indicated in bold and inactive groups are in italics.

Social sororities and girl's fraternities

In the following of high school social sororities and girl's fraternities, active groups are indicated in bold and inactive groups are in italics.

Jewish fraternities

In the following of high school Jewish fraternities, active groups are indicated in bold and inactive groups are in italics.

Organization Symbols Founding date and range Founding institution Founding location Status Ref.
Aleph Zadik Aleph אצא 1924 Omaha, Nebraska Active
Hai Resh July 7, 1907– 1937 St. Joseph, Missouri Merged [107][108][109][w]
Phi Beta ΦΒ 1920 Inactive [110][x]
Phi Sigma Beta ΦΣΒ June 22, 1910 – 1914 DeWitt Clinton High School New York City, New York Inactive [111][y]
Pi Tau Pi [109]
Pi Upsilon Phi ΠΥΦ Inactive [112][z]
Sigma Alpha Rho ΣΑΡ November 18, 1917 – c. 2014; December 2022 West Philadelphia High School West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Active [113][114][aa]
Upsilon Lambda Phi ΥΛΦ April 5, 1916 Inactive [115][ab]

Jewish sororities

In the following of high school Jewish sororities, active groups are indicated in bold and inactive groups are in italics.

Organization Symbols Founding date and range Founding institution Founding location Status Ref.
B'nai B'rith Girls בבג 1944 San Francisco, California Active
Iota Gamma Phi ΙΓΦ Inactive [116][117][118]
Iota Phi ΙΦ Inactive [119]
Sigma Theta Pi ΣΘΠ c. 1909 Inactive [120][107][121][122][ac]
Sigma Omega Pi ΣΩΠ c. 1950–1970s Norfolk, Virginia Inactive [123]

High school honor societies

High school secret societies

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Was formed as a local literary society in 1870.
  2. ↑ The fraternity was originally organized Alpha Beta Debating Club, a literary and debating society at Union Classical Institute, later known as Schenectady High School. It did not add a second chapter until seventeen years later.
  3. ↑ At its peak, the fraternity included over thirty chapters. Its chapters were based at military academies across the U.S.
  4. ↑ The fraternity went inactive after a hazing incident led to assault charges.
  5. ↑ Originally begun as an athletic fraternity, its focus became purely social as it expanded throughout the United States. By the 1980s, most chapters of the fraternity had become inactive.
  6. ↑ The Lewis Institute was formed as a high school and became a college in 1922.
  7. 1 2 The School Board passed policies prohibiting fraternities in March 1895.
  8. ↑ The fraternity chartered chapters at high schools and technical colleges throughout the mid-Atlantic states, the upper Midwest, and as far away as California.
  9. ↑ Merged into Pi Delta Koppa.
  10. ↑ In 1898, it had chapters in Ann Arbor, Michigan; Cleveland, Ohio; Columbus, Ohio; and Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
  11. ↑ The fraternity was defunct by 1995. It was revived in 2008.
  12. ↑ Gamma Eta Chi, or Good English Club, chartered chapters at high schools and junior colleges.
  13. ↑ Formed as a literary society at Boys High School, now the Lowell High School.
  14. ↑ This is reported to be the first international high school fraternity, with the chartering of the Alpha Zeta chapter in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, on December 11, 1927.
  15. ↑ Formed as Torch and Dagger. It was renamed Omega Eta Tau in 1900 when it began expanding nationally.
  16. ↑ In the 2010s, it was recast as "a fraternity for men" with a focus on citywide alumni and graduate clubs.
  17. ↑ Formed at the Chicago Academy, later known as the Lewis Institute.
  18. ↑ The fraternity voted to discontinue its connection with high schools in 1921, the first high school fraternity in the US to do so. It continued to operate as an alumni association with more than 4,000 members.
  19. ↑ This two-chapter fraternity based in Alameda and Oakland, California, merged with the Kappa Alpha Pi national fraternity in 1920.
  20. ↑ Expanded to normal schools and is still active as a collegiate educational fraternity.
  21. ↑ Pi Phi spread to more than 110 chapters before lapsing into solely alumni chapters in the 1980s.
  22. ↑ At least thirty chapters of the fraternity were founded in other states throughout the Southern United States.
  23. ↑ The fraternity declined when most of its leadership entered World War I. It continued but merged with Pi Tau Pi by 1937.
  24. ↑ Not to be confused with the professional fraternity for the creative and performing arts.
  25. ↑ The fraternity was re-established as Tau Delta Phi collegiate organization in 1914.
  26. ↑ Its Sigma chapter was at Syracuse.
  27. ↑ The fraternity formed from the Soathical Club. In December 2022, the fraternity was reactivated with a new chapter in Bucks County, Pennsylvania.
  28. ↑ Voted to become nonsectarian in 1966.
  29. ↑ Not to be confused with the international sorority with a similar name, Sigma Thêta Pi, founded in 2003, nor the local Christian fraternity at Howard Payne University, founded in 2004.

References

  1. ↑ Owen, William Bishop. "The Good of High School Fraternities" The School Review, vol. 14, no. 7 (1906): 492.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Atkinson, Joseph William (1969). Gamma Sigma: The First One Hundred Years. Gamma Sigma Fraternity International. p. 11 – via Internet Archive.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Cooper. W. J. The High School Fraternity: Report of the Committee of High School Teachers Association. Reprinted from the Sierra Educational News, vol. 9, no. 1 (January 1913). San Francisco: High School Teachers Association, 1913. via HathiTrust.
  4. ↑ Owen, William Bishop. "The Problem of the High School Fraternities". The School Review, vol. 14, no. 7 (1906): 492–504. via JSTOR. Accessed 3 May 2025.
  5. ↑ Perkins, Glen O. "The Elimination of Fraternities and Sororities in the Tucson High School". The School Review, vol. 31, no. 3. (March 1923): 224–226.
  6. ↑ "Sorority Directory". Banta's Greek Exchange Directory. 10 (4). 1922 – via Google Books.
  7. ↑ "Cayuga". Democrat and Chronicle. Rochester, New York. 1885-11-19. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ↑ "Walter Frost a Delegate". The Meriden Daily Republican. 1896-02-01. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ↑ "High School Notes". Record-Journal. Meriden, Connecticut. 1894-10-18. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ↑ "Local Laconics". Record-Journal. Meriden, Connecticut. 1894-10-19. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. 1 2 3 "The High School Societies: A Sketch of their History and Operation". The Morning Journal-Courier. New Haven, Connecticut. 1895-01-15. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. 1 2 "Greek Letter Societies. Two Chapters Formed Recelty at the High School". Hartford Courant. 1897-04-13. p. 14. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ↑ "Alpha Iota Epsilon Dance". The Yonkers Herald. 1917-12-28. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-07-08 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ↑ "Alpha Iota Epsilon First "Open" Dance". Brooklyn Eagle. 1913-03-17. p. 7. Retrieved 2026-07-08 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ↑ "Whirl of Society". Lansing State Journal. Retrieved 2026-07-08 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Baird, Wm. Raimond, ed. (1898). "Academic Societies". American College Fraternities (5th ed.). New York: Wm. Raimond Baird. pp. 362–365 – via HathiTrust.
  17. 1 2 3 4 Sheldon, Henry Davidson. Student Life And Customs. New York: D. Appleton, 1901. p. 297-298. via HathiTrust.
  18. 1 2 3 "Both Are Determined. The Ann Arbor Societies Will Fight the High School Faculty". Detroit Free Press. 1895-01-16. p. 4. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ↑ "Alpha Tau Omicron". The Ann Arbor Democrat. 1898-06-03. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-05-16.
  20. ↑ "Alpha Zeta. Twenty-First Annual Convention Now in Session this City". Democrat and Chronicle. Rochester, New York. 1891-05-15. p. 10. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ↑ "Alpha Zeta Fraters. Will Convene in Binghamton in April". Elmira Star-Gazette. 1897-02-01. p. 5. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ↑ "High School Boys from Six Cities". Democrat and Chronicle. 1896-04-17. p. 10. Retrieved 2026-05-06.
  23. ↑ The Record (yearbook). West Philadelphia High School,.1990
  24. ↑ "Divorced from School; May Sever Relationship; Beta Phi Sigma National Fraternity in National Convention, Will Consider Changes Under 'Anti-Frat" Statutes". The Muncie Morning Star. 1908-08-16. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ↑ "Beta Phi Sigma; Greek Letter Society Completes Its Organization". The Muncie Morning News. 1899-09-13. p. 8. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. 1 2 "Hail to Beta Phi Sigma". The Muncie Daily Herald. 1899-09-13. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. 1 2 Greene, Dick (1978-10-17). "Our Neighborhood". The Star Press. Muncie, Indiana. p. 4. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ↑ "The Chi Sigma Chi Fraternity". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 1897-12-06. p. 5. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ↑ "Societies". The Cincinnati Post. 1903-11-26. p. 6. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ↑ "Society Notes". The New York Times. 1897-12-29. p. 7. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  31. ↑ "Chi Sigma Chi Fraternity". The New York Times. 1900-01-29. p. 7. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  32. ↑ "16 Teens Face Charges in Fraternity Paddling". Springfield Daily News. 1984-03-26. p. 7. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  33. ↑ "High School Fraternity's Dinner". Detroit Free Press. 1896-12-19. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ↑ "Fraternity Track Meet". The Inter Ocean. Chicago, Illinois. 1902-03-22. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ↑ "Lewis Institute". lost-colleges. Retrieved 2026-05-06.
  36. 1 2 "High School Fraternities Must Go". The Ann Arbor Democrat. 1895-03-22. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ↑ "Oak Park High School Fraternity Boys Excelled". Chicago Tribune. 1915-11-09. p. 6. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. ↑ "Members of Chapter are to be Initiated". Battle Creek Enquirer. 1929-06-07. p. 6. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ↑ "Delta Sigma Upsilon Ends Convention with Dinner Dance". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. 1931-09-08. p. 4. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  40. ↑ "Theta of Delta Theta". The Duluth News Tribune. 1903-06-14. p. 27. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  41. 1 2 "The Merging of Two Fraternities". The Wichita Beacon. 1912-09-09. p. 5. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  42. ↑ "High School Frat Elects Officers to Theta Chapter". Morning Advocate. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 1930-01-10. p. 20. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  43. ↑ "Fraternity Gives Dance in Irwin Home". New Orleans States. 1914-01-05. p. 7. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  44. ↑ "The Delta Society". Grand Rapids Eagle. 1887-06-28. p. 6. Retrieved 2026-05-06.
  45. ↑ Educational Manual Gamma Delta Psi Fraternity International (PDF). Gamma Delta Psi Fraternity International. November 2019. p. 3. Retrieved May 2, 2025.
  46. ↑ "The University". Oakland Tribune. 1886-05-22. p. 5. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  47. ↑ "Lum and Abner Write to Monett Gamma Eta Chi". The Monett Times. 1936-04-30. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  48. ↑ "High School Notes". The Muncie Morning News. 1898-10-08. p. 2. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  49. ↑ "Local Fraternity is Inaugurated". The State Journal-Register. Springfield, Illinois. 1912-07-22. p. 7. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  50. ↑ "Kappa Alpha Pi to Give Stag Banquet for Members Friday". Illinois State Register. Springfield, Illinois. 1929-02-17. p. 23. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  51. 1 2 "Fraternity Move is Made: Phi Kappa Epsilon Society of Alameda Joins with Kappa Alpha Pi". The Evening Times-Star. Alameda, California. 1910-05-02. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  52. ↑ "Lambda Sigma Hop". Detroit Free Press. 1895-12-29. p. 13. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  53. ↑ "Lambda Sigma Hop". Detroit Free Press. 1896-10-25. p. 11. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  54. ↑ "The Mu Delta Sigma". The Grand Rapids Press. 1895-06-15. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  55. ↑ "The Jolly Frats. Mu Delta Sigma's Merry Men and their Session Here". The Grand Rapids Press. 1896-07-02. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  56. 1 2 3 4 5 La Salle Senior High School Yearbooks. Niagara Falls, New York: 1950s and 1960s.
  57. ↑ "Greeks Now Out". The Evening Nonpareil. Council Bluffs, Iowa. 1909-02-03. p. 5. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  58. ↑ "Omega Eta Tau to Gather Here". The Daily Nonpareil. Council Bluffs, Iowa. 1909-06-20. p. 2. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  59. ↑ "High School Frat Organizes as Club; Omega Gamma Delta Adopts Plan". Brooklyn Eagle. 1915-02-13. p. 3. Retrieved 2025-05-02 – via Newspapers.com.
  60. ↑ "Phi Alpha Sigma". Brooklyn Eagle. 1933-02-05. p. 28. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  61. ↑ "Personal Mention". The Des Moines Daily Leader. 1896-02-23. p. 5. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  62. ↑ "Phi Delta to Abstain from High School Activities". Los Angeles Evening Express. 1921-03-01. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  63. ↑ "History". Phi Kappa National Fraternity. Retrieved 2026-05-18.
  64. ↑ "Edward Maculey to Attend Convention". Alameda Times Star. 1911-02-03. p. 8. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  65. ↑ "Students Join Secret Society". The San Francisco Call Bulletin. 1910-05-03. p. 8. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  66. ↑ "History". Phi Lambda Epsilon. Retrieved May 2, 2025.
  67. ↑ Schneider, Norris F. (1975-11-02). "Chapters Spread Across Country. ZHS Fraternity Founded in 1901". The Times Recorder. Zanesville, Ohio. p. 25. Retrieved 2025-10-25 – via Newspapers.com.
  68. ↑ "Parent Chapter of the Phi Sigma Chi is at Zanesville". The Zanesville Signal. 1915-08-05. p. 7. Retrieved 2025-10-25 – via Newspapers.com.
  69. ↑ "Pi Delta Koppa Conclave". Santa Cruz Surf and Superior California Farmer. 1903-06-27. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  70. ↑ "Sigma Kappa Delta Honors Local Men". Brooklyn Eagle. 1927-07-01. p. 27. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  71. ↑ "Admit Tech Group to National Frat". Brooklyn Eagle. 1926-07-01. p. 5. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  72. ↑ "Sigma Phi Alpha Sociable". Brooklyn Eagle. 1907-02-23. p. 8. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  73. ↑ "Sigma Phi Omega Meets. Prep School Fraternity Holding Annual Conference". The Commercial Appeal. Memphis, Tennessee. 1927-06-11. p. 4. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  74. ↑ "Sigma Phi Omegas will Convene Here Today". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. 1926-06-03. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  75. ↑ "Reporters Were Cornered". Ann Arbor Daily Courier. 1895-03-09. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  76. ↑ "Tau Delta Tau Fraternity". The Commercial Appeal. Memphis, Tennessee. 1925-10-10. p. 10. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  77. ↑ "P.H.S. Dramatic Society Have Play". Pottsville Republican. 1926-03-13. p. 11. Retrieved 2026-05-16.
  78. ↑ "The Kappa Delta Fraternity". Pottsville Republican. 1928-10-05. p. 7. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  79. ↑ "High School Fraternity". The Sacramento Bee. 1895-03-23. p. 7. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  80. ↑ "Theta Kappa Omega Welcomed to City". The Birmingham News. 1931-06-22. p. 2. Retrieved 2025-06-30 – via Newspapers.com.
  81. ↑ "Annual Banquet. Given by the Sigma Chapter, Theta Phi, of Weedsport". Democrat and Chronicle. Rochester, New York. 1905-02-23. p. 4. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  82. ↑ "The Theta Phi. Officers Elected for the Ensuing Year--Prize Speaking". Daily Sentinel. Rome, New York. 1904-10-17. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  83. ↑ "Theta Phi Installs Chapter". Democrat and Chronicle. Rochester, New York. 1905-10-30. p. 10. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  84. ↑ "Theta Phi Opens 41st Convention with 60 Present". Brooklyn Eagle. 1930-12-26. p. 22. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  85. ↑ "Officers Probe Use of Liquor at Initiation". The Modesto Bee. 1954-10-13. p. 23. Retrieved 2026-05-06.
  86. ↑ "High School Fraternity Banquet". The Burlington Free Press. 1902-06-10. p. 5. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  87. ↑ "Upsilon Lambda Phi". The Burlington Free Press. 1906-01-02. p. 7. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  88. ↑ "Fraternity Title is Won by Locals". Asbury Park Press. 1922-04-25. p. 11. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  89. ↑ "To Hold Conclave". Asbury Park Press. 1921-08-27. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  90. 1 2 3 4 Hanna, John Calvin (December 2012). "High School Fraternities, Especially as Related to College Fraternities". Banta's Greek Exchange. 1 (1): 9.
  91. 1 2 "Members of the Girls' High School Fraternities". The San Francisco Examiner. 1896-08-06. p. 14. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  92. ↑ "Alpha Sigmas Convene". San Francisco Chronicle. 1898-11-26. p. 7. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  93. ↑ "History and Values". Delta Beta Sigma Sorority. Retrieved 2026-05-17.
  94. ↑ "Delta Iota Chi Girls of Coast Hold Conclave in Ventura". Ventura Free Press. 1908-07-03. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-05-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  95. ↑ "D.I.X. Conclave". The Fresno Morning Republican. 1901-12-31. p. 8. Retrieved 2026-05-18.
  96. 1 2 "Evanston High School Girls Quit Sororities". Banta's Greek Exchange. 1 (4): 490. September 1913.
  97. ↑ "Sorority Dances is Given at the Tower". The Daily Times. Davenport, Iowa. 1907-08-06. p. 6. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  98. ↑ "Gamma Theta Set Has Annual Dance". Morning Advocate. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 1945-06-12. p. 8. Retrieved 2026-05-17 – via Newspapers.com.
  99. ↑ "Installation of Gamma Theta Chapter Week-End Event". Morning Advocate. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 1935-01-15. p. 6. Retrieved 2026-05-17 – via Newspapers.com.
  100. ↑ "High School Sorority, Iota Beta Phi, to Give Party New Year's Eve". The Muskegon Chronicle. 1903-12-23. p. 7. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  101. ↑ "Lambda Theta Phi Sorority Will Celebrate the Completion of Berkeley High School Building". The San Francisco Examiner. 1901-09-09. p. 8. Retrieved 2026-05-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  102. 1 2 "High School Sororities". The Oakland Times. 1894-03-12. p. 8. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  103. ↑ "About Us". Omega Nu Sorority. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
  104. ↑ "Psi Iota Xi Sorority, Muncie HIgh School". The Muncie Morning Star and News. 1903-08-25. p. 2. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  105. ↑ "Tau Alpha Psi Received. West Division High School Sorority Keeps Open House". The Inter Ocean. Chicago, Illinois. 1896-01-02. p. 5. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  106. ↑ "Theta Kappa Sigma: Sorority Marks its 30th Anniversary". Niagara Falls Review. 1961-12-23. p. 18. Retrieved 2026-05-17 – via Newspapers.com.
  107. 1 2 "Kid and Stag Parties Feature Program of Sigma Theta Pi's and Hai Resh Wednesday of Conclave". The Atlanta Journal. 1924-07-03. p. 11. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  108. ↑ "Local Hai Resh Head Leaves for Conclave". The Jewish Press. Omaha, Nebraska. 1928-06-29. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  109. 1 2 Mora, Miriam Eve (2024-05-21). Carrying a Big Schtick: Jewish Acculturation and Masculinity in the Twentieth Century. Wayne State University Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-8143-4964-9.
  110. ↑ Schneiderman, Harry, ed. (1941). American Jewish Yearbook September 22, 1941, to September 11, 1942 (PDF). Vol. 43. Spring Branch, Texas: The Jewish Publication Society of America. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2022. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  111. ↑ "History – Tau Delta Phi". Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  112. ↑ "Sigma Theta Phi Group to Hold Annual Meeting", The Jewish Daily Bulletin, June 26, 1934, p. 7. via Jewish Telegraph Society, accessed 27 Jan 2020.
  113. ↑ "The History of Sigma Alpha Rho". Sigma Alpha Rho Fraternity. Archived from the original on 2003-08-11. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
  114. ↑ Solway, Ezra (March 8, 2023). "100-year Jewish fraternity reactivates, aims for South Jersey chapter". Jewish Federation of Southern New Jersey. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
  115. ↑ "Fraternity Convention Set". The Montreal Star. 1968-08-23. p. 27. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  116. ↑ "First Iota Gamma Phi Reunion planned". Jewish News. July 19, 2016. Retrieved 2026-05-17.
  117. ↑ "Sorority News". The Evening Star. Washington, D.C. 1949-01-31. p. 20. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  118. ↑ "Iota Gamma Phi Discusses Plans for Convention". Daily Press. Newport News, Virginia. 1959-04-12. p. 30. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  119. ↑ "Media - Documenting Maine Jewry". Maine Jews. Retrieved 2023-08-02. Their 1960 convention program lists several chapters in the New England area
  120. ↑ Kay, Joan (1966-10-29). "Sigma Theta Pi Club's Spirit Spans 55 Years". The Courier-Journal. p. 10. Retrieved 2026-05-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  121. ↑ Adler, Cyrus; Szold, Henrietta (1920). American Jewish Year Book. Vol. 22. Jewish Publication Society of America.
  122. ↑ "Sigma Theta Pi Sorority Conclave, 1940". University of Washington University Libraries. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  123. ↑ "Sigma Omega Pi sorority plans reunion". Jewish News. August 11, 2017. Retrieved 2026-05-17.

Bibliography

  • Brown, J. Ward. American Secondary School Fraternities. New York: Maske Brown Company, 1913.
This page is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.