Scarus fuscopurpureus
| Scarus fuscopurpureus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| In the Red Sea | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Division: | Teleostei |
| Order: | Labriformes |
| Family: | Labridae |
| Genus: | Scarus |
| Species: | S. fuscopurpureus |
| Binomial name | |
| Scarus fuscopurpureus (Klunzinger, 1871) | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Scarus fuscopurpureus, common name purple-brown parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish. This species of parrotfish occurs in the western Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Persian Gulf.[3]
Taxonomy
Scarus fuscopurpureus was first formally described as Pseudoscarus forskalii fuscopurpureus in 1871 by the German physician and zoologist Carl Benjamin Klunzinger (1834-1914), with the type locality given as Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt.[4]
Distribution
Countries in which this species can be found include Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Yemen, Israel, Jordan, Iran, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Somalia and Sudan.[1]
Description
Terminal phase males may typically range from 34–41 cm (13–16 in).[5] Colors of these fishes depend on sexes and stage of growth. The dorsal, anal, and caudal fins are deep brown and purple.[6] Initial phase fish show drab purple or brown colouration with light bands, with reddish edges of scales and a truncate to emarginated caudal fin. Terminal phase fish often have a pale (pink or yellow) vertical band on the side, below the soft dorsal, as well as a yellow-edged lunate tail.[7][8]
Habitat
This reef-associated species inhabits shallow water, at a depth of 2–20 m (6 ft 7 in – 65 ft 7 in), often over sand with coral heads and abundant vegetation.[1]
Reproduction
Scarus fuscopurpureus is oviparous and the male and female form pairs for spawning. They can be usually found in pairs or small groups.[2] Like many but not all other species of parrotfish, the purple-brown parrotfish also exhibits different colour phases based on sex and life stage.[9]
Behavior
S. fuscopurpureus exhibits diel vertical patterns in which they stay at greater depths at night to sleep , while staying in shallower waters during the day to feed.[5]
Feeding
S. fuscopurpureus, like other parrotfishes, use their strong jaws and teeth to rasp at algae on coral.[10]
Bibliography
- Fenner, Robert M. (2001). The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, USA: T.F.H. Publications.
- Helfman, G.; B. Collette; D. Facey (1997). The diversity of fishes. Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Science.
- Hoese, D.F. (1986). A M.M. Smith; P.C. Heemstra (eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Berlín, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
- Maugé, L.A. (1986). A J. Daget; J.-P. Gosse; D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.). Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). Vol. 2. ISNB Brusxelles; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; & ORSTOM, París, France.
- Moyle, P.; J. Cech (2000). Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, USA: Prentice-Hall.
- Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
- Wheeler, A. (1985). The World Encyclopedia of Fishes (2nd ed.). London: Macdonald.
References
- 1 2 3 Russell, B.; Clements, K.D.; Choat, J.H.; Rocha, L.A.; Myers, R.; Lazuardi, M.E.; Muljadi, A.; Pardede, S.; Rahardjo, P. (2012). "Scarus fuscopurpureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012 e.T190714A17795612. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T190714A17795612.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- 1 2 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Scarus fuscopurpureus". FishBase. December 2019 version.
- ↑ Keivany, Yazdan (2003-05-01). "Book review of "Atlas of the Persian Gulf & Sea of Oman fishes. Vol. 1." and "Morphological and biological characteristics of the southern Iranian fishes (Persian Gulf and Oman Sea)"". Ichthyological Research. 50 (2): 201–202. Bibcode:2003IchtR..50..201K. doi:10.1007/s10228-002-0158-y. ISSN 1341-8998.
- ↑ Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Pseudoscarus forskalii fuscopurpureus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
- 1 2 Pickholtz, Renanel; Kiflawi, Moshe; Crossin, Glenn T.; Pickholtz, Eliezer Y.; Zamsky, Revital; Kahan, Inbal; Gavriel, Tal; Belmaker, Jonathan (August 2022). "Highly repetitive space-use dynamics in parrotfishes". Coral Reefs. 41 (4): 1059–1073. doi:10.1007/s00338-022-02258-3. ISSN 0722-4028.
- ↑ Klunzinger, Karl Benjamin (1870). Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres / von C. B. Klunzinger. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. Vol. 20. Wien: C. Ueberreuter'she Buchdruckerei. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.14760.
- ↑ Richard Field Reef Fishes of Oman
- ↑ Kent E. Carpenter Living Marine Resources of Kuwait, Eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, etc.
- ↑ Choat, John. H.; klanten, Oya. S.; Van Herwerden, Lynne; Robertson, D. Ross; Clements, Kendall D. (2012-09-05). "Patterns and processes in the evolutionary history of parrotfishes (Family Labridae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 107 (3): 529–557. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01959.x. ISSN 0024-4066.
- ↑ Almaaty, Ali; El_Regal, Mohamed; Mar`ie, Zeinab; Ebied, Basset (2015-09-01). "Genetic relationship between five fish species of genus Scarus using rapid assay". Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries. 19 (3): 9–22. doi:10.21608/ejabf.2015.2267. ISSN 2536-9814.
External links
- Saltcorner
- My Reef Guide
- Photos of Scarus fuscopurpureus in the Sealife Collection