Santalum freycinetianum
| Santalum freycinetianum | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| On ʻAiea Loop Trail, Oahu | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Santalales |
| Family: | Santalaceae |
| Genus: | Santalum |
| Species: | S. freycinetianum |
| Binomial name | |
| Santalum freycinetianum | |
Santalum freycinetianum, the forest sandalwood,[3] ʻIliahi, Lanai sandalwood,[1] or Freycinet sandalwood,[4] is a species of flowering tree in the family Santalaceae, that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Its binomial name commemorates Henri Louis Claude de Saulces de Freycinet, a 19th-century French explorer.[4] ʻIliahi inhabits coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and wet forests on Oʻahu, at elevations of 400–650 m (1,310–2,130 ft).[1] It grows in areas that receive 500–3,800 mm (20–150 in) of annual rainfall. Like other members of its genus, ʻiliahi is a root hemi-parasite, deriving some of its nutrients from the host plant; common hosts include koa (Acacia koa), koaiʻa (Acacia koaia), and ʻaʻaliʻi (Dodonaea viscosa).[5]
Uses
Non-medicinal
The ʻlaʻau ʻala (heartwood) of ʻiliahi contains valuable, aromatic essential oils. Native Hawaiians used the wood to make pola, the deck on a waʻa kaulua (double-hulled canoe). Powdered ʻlaʻau ʻala was used as a perfume and added to kapa cloth.[6] Between 1791–1840, trees were intensively harvested for export to China, where the hard, yellowish-brown wood was made into carved objects, chests, and incense. The ʻiliahi trade peaked from 1815 to 1826, and stopped when no large trees were left.[7]
Medicinal
Native Hawaiians combined leaves and bark of the ʻiliahi with naio (Myoporum sandwicense) ashes to treat kepia o ke poʻo (dandruff) and liha o ka lauoho (head lice). ʻIliahi shavings mixed with ʻawa (Piper methysticum), nioi (Eugenia reinwardtiana), ʻahakea (Bobea spp.), and kauila (Alphitonia ponderosa) was used to treat sexually transmitted diseases.[7]
References
- 1 2 3 Pejhanmehr, M. & Adams, J. (2016). "Santalum freycinetianum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T62929A95817407. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T62929A95817407.en. Retrieved 26 July 2026.
- ↑ "Santalum freycinetianum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-03-07.
- ↑ NRCS. "Santalum freycinetianum". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2015-11-05.
- 1 2 Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989). "ʻIliahi, Freycinet sandalwood" (PDF). Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced). United States Forest Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-11-03.
- ↑ Allen, James A. (2003-01-01). "Santalum freycinetianum Gaudich". Tropical Tree Seed Manual. Reforestation, Nurseries & Genetics Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2011. Retrieved 2009-03-03.
- ↑ Medeiros, A. C.; C.F. Davenport; C.G. Chimera (1998). "Auwahi: Ethnobotany of a Hawaiian Dryland Forest" (PDF). Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
- 1 2 "iliahi". Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database. Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Retrieved 2009-03-03.
External links
- "Sandalwood trade". Hawaiʻi History Library. HawaiiHistory.org. Archived from the original on 2011-10-05. Retrieved 2009-03-05.
- Merlin, Mark D.; Lex A.J. Thomson; Craig R. Elevitch (April 2006). "Santalum ellipticum, S. freycinetianum, S. haleakalae, and S. paniculatum (Hawaiian sandalwood)" (PDF). The Traditional Tree Initiative.
- "ʻIliahi". Native Hawaiian Plants. Kapiʻolani Community College. Archived from the original on 2010-06-10. Retrieved 2009-03-05.