Salma al-Malaika
Salma al-Malaika | |
|---|---|
سلمى الملائكة | |
| Born | Salma Abdul Razzaq al-Malaika 29 February 1908 Baghdad, Baghdad Vilayet, Ottoman Iraq, Ottoman Empire (now Iraq) |
| Died | 26 June 1953 (aged 45) London, UK |
Resting place | Brookwood Cemetery |
| Occupation | Poet |
| Spouse |
Sadiq al-Malaika (m. 1923) |
| Children | 7, including Nazik Al-Malaika |
| Writing career | |
| Pen name | Umm Nizār |
| Language | Arabic |
| Notable works | The Song of Glory, 1965 |
Salma Abdul Razzaq al-Malaika[a] (Arabic: سلمى الملائكة; 29 February 1908 – 26 June 1953), known by the pen name Umm Nizār, was an Iraqi poet.[1] Al-Malaika's work focused on Women's rights and Iraqi and Arab nationalism.[1]
Early life
Al-Malaika was born in on the 29 February 1908 in Baghdad, Ottoman Empire (present-day, Iraq) to a Shīʿite family.[1][2][3][4] Al-Malaika was the older sister of the poet and lawyer Abd al-Sahib Al-Malaika (Arabic: عبد الصاحب الملائكة).
Poetry
Al-Malaika initially wrote poetry in secret, and educated herself in Arabic, Andalusian and Umayyad poetry, as well as Arabic history and pre-Islamic literature.[1] Following the death of Iraqi poet Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi in 1936, al-Malaika wrote an elegy for him expressing women's gratitude for his women's rights advocacy. It was published in newspapers and well received in Baghdad literary circles.[1] She wrote using the pen name Umm Nizār.[b]
Al-Malaika's poetry was traditional, both "in form and in its use of linguistic ornament".[5] She wrote feminist verse, glorifying the role of Arab women in history and emphasising the predicament of modern Iraqi women, urging them to overcome difficulties as the "victims of ignorance, stagnation, and narrow-mindedness".[1]
She also wrote poetry about patriotism and Iraq's struggle for independence. Her other poetry focussed on liberation movements in the Arab world and the Palestinian issue.[1] Most of her collected poetry was written during the 1940s.[6] Among the topics she addressed were the 1940 uprising of Rashid Ali al-Gaylani that led to the coup against the British, the 1948 Al-Wathbah uprising in Baghdad, and the 1948 tragedy of Palestine.[7] In her poems about Palestine, she refers to it as a land of peace and martyrdom that was "stabbed in the heart" by the British issuance of the 1917 Balfour Declaration. She refers to the United Nations as the "league of disgraceful humiliation" and the Security Council as "the council of falsehoods". In her poems, she specifically addresses the Partition Plan for Palestine and the subsequent 1949 Armistice Agreements.[8]
In 1965, al-Malaika's husband and daughter posthumously published The Song of Glory (Unshūdat al-Majd).[1][7]
Personal life
In 1923, al-Malaika married Sadiq al-Malaika, a poet and Arabic teacher[9][10], with whom she had 7 children. Her daughter was the poet Nazik al-Malaika, known for being one of the first Iraqi poets to use free verse.[7][5]
On 26 June 1953 al-Malaika died in London, aged 45.
Notes
- ↑ Also transliterated as Sulaymah al-Malāʿikah.[1]
- ↑ Al-Malaika's oldest son was named Nizār.[1]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Zeidan, Joseph T. (1995). Arab Women Novelists: The Formative Years and Beyond. SUNY Press. pp. 58, 82. ISBN 978-0-7914-2171-0.
- ↑ "Salma al-Malaika". Grand Larousse encyclopédique (in French).
- ↑ Die Welt des Islams. Vol. 36–37. D. Reimer. 1996. p. 235.
- ↑ Kananeh, Ali Nasser (2013). المنفی الشعری العراقی [Al-Munfi Al-Shaari Al-Iraqi] (in Arabic) (1 ed.). Beirut: Al Rehab Al Haditha Foundation. p. 71.
- 1 2 Benson, Dorothy (Spring 1989). "Women and Poetry in the Arab Middle East". The Poetry Ireland Review (25): 102–108.
- ↑ Creswell, Robyn (2019). Nazik al-Mala'ika and the Poetics of Pan-Arabism. Critical Inquiry. p. 76.
- 1 2 3 "Malaika, Salma al- (1908–1953)". Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages. Detroit: Gale. 2007. ISBN 978-0-7876-7585-1.
- ↑ Suleiman, Yasir (1995). "Nationalist Concerns in the Poetry of Nazik al-Mala'ika". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 22 (1/2): 95. ISSN 1353-0194. JSTOR 195966.
- ↑ Talhami, Ghada Hashem (2013). Historical Dictionary of Women in the Middle East and North Africa. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-8108-6858-8.
- ↑ "بالأسماء: أكثر من 80 امرأة عراقية رائدة غيّرن تاريخ العراق!". قناه السومرية العراقية (in Arabic). 8 March 2022.