Rubus bifrons
| Rubus bifrons | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Flowers | |
 | |
| Fruit | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | Rubus |
| Species: | R. bifrons |
| Binomial name | |
| Rubus bifrons | |
Rubus bifrons is a species of blackberry in the rose family, native to central Europe.[1][2]
Rubus bifrons is a spiny shrub growing to 25–200 cm tall. The stems are biennial, arching, sometimes creeping, and red-brown to purple-brown. The leaves are palmately compound with three to five leaflets, green above, grey and hairy beneath, and have serrated margins. The flowers are white or pink, in clusters at the ends of branches. The mature fruit is black.[3][4][5]
It is widespread across much of Europe, from France east to Ukraine, and Germany south to Italy.[1][2][3] and naturalised locally further north in Europe in Norway and Sweden, in Australia, and in parts of North America.[1]
It has sometimes been confused with or considered to include the species Rubus armeniacus,[6] a related species from the Caucasus.[7]
References
- 1 2 3 "Rubus bifrons Vest". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-08-06.
- 1 2 "Rubus bifrons". Euro+Med-Plantbase. Retrieved 2026-08-06.
- 1 2 Altervista Flora Italiana, Rubus bifrons Tratt. photos, drawings, European distribution map
- ↑ Kresken, Gerd-Uwe. "Rubus bifrons". Die Gattung Rubus (in German). Retrieved 2026-08-07.
- ↑ "Rubus bifrons" (PDF) (in German). Retrieved 2026-08-07.
- ↑ "Rubus bifrons Vest, 1821.", Flora of North America, 2014
- ↑ "Rubus armeniacus Focke". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-08-06.
External links