Reykjavík North (Althing constituency)
| Reykjavík North | |
|---|---|
| Reykjavík norður | |
| Constituency for the Althing | |
 Location of Reykjavík North within Iceland | |
| Municipality | Reykjavík |
| Region | Capital |
| Electorate | 47,600 (2024) |
| Current Constituency | |
| Created | 2003 |
| Seats | 9 (2003–present)[a] |
| Member of the Althing[1] | |
| Created from | Reykjavík |
Reykjavík North (Icelandic: Reykjavík norður) is one of the six multi-member constituencies of the Althing, the national legislature of Iceland. The constituency was established in 2003 when the existing Reykjavík constituency was split into two. The constituency currently elects nine[a] of the 63 members of the Althing using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2024 parliamentary election it had 47,600 registered electors.
History
In March 1843 King Christian VIII of Denmark issued a royal decree converting the Althing into a consultative assembly. It consisted to 20 members popularly elected from single-member constituencies, one of which was Reykjavík.[2][3] In the subsequent decades the electoral process, size of Althing and constituencies changed several time. Reykjavík became a two-member constituency in 1903 (effective 1904).[4] In 1920 (effective 1923) it became a four-member constituency using proportional representation.[5] It became a six-member constituency in 1934 and an eight-member constituency in 1942.[5][6]
One of the main reasons for the changes was the shift in population from rural to urban areas, particularly Reykjavík.[2] The changes however always lagged behind population shifts.[2] This resulted in rural constituencies being over-represented in the Althing. The disproportionately in the voting power of rural and urban voters was as high as 10:1 by the mid 20th century.[2] The over-representation of rural constituencies favoured the Progressive Party, whose support base was mostly farmers.[2] The party was over-represented in Althing even after the introduction of compensatory seats (equalisation seas) in 1934.
The constituencies were radically altered in 1959 when the single and two-member constituencies were abolished and replaced by seven multi-member constituencies using proportional representation.[2][6] The number of seats allocated to Reykjavík was increased from 8 to 12 at the same time.[2] This reduced the disproportionately in the voting power of rural and urban voters to 3:1.[2]
In September 1997 Prime Minister Davíð Oddsson appointed a committee headed by Friðrik Klemenz Sophusson to review the division of constituencies in Iceland and the organisation of elections. The committee's report was published in October 1998 and recommended, amongst other things, that the number of constituencies be reduced and that they be more equal in population size.[7] The Althing passed an amendment to the constitution in June 1999 which removed the reference to specific eight constituencies contained within Article 31 and instead simply stated that there would be six or seven constituencies and that the Althing would determine the boundaries between the constituencies.[8] The amendment also required that if, following an election to Althing, the number of registered electors per seat (including compensatory seats) in any constituency is less than half of that in another constituency, the National Electoral Commission shall change the allocation of seats so as to reduce the imbalance.[8] This reduced the disproportionately in the voting power of rural and urban voters to 2:1.
Reykjavík North was one of six constituencies (kjördæmi) established by the "Elections to the Althing Act no. 24/2000" (Lög um kosningar til Alþingis, nr. 24/2000) passed by the Althing in May 2000.[9] The Act required that, when an election to Althing had been called, the National Electoral Commission had to determine the boundaries between the Reykjavík North and Reykjavík South constituencies so that the number of registered electors per seat (including compensatory seats) is approximately the same.[9] The Act initially allocated eleven seats to the constituency - nine constituency seats and two compensatory seats.[9]
Electoral system
Reykjavík North currently elects nine[a] of the 63 members of the Althing using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.[10][11] Constituency seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method.[12][13] Compensatory seats (equalisation seas) are calculated based on the national vote and are allocated using the D'Hondt method at the constituency level.[14][15] Only parties that reach the 5% national threshold compete for compensatory seats.[13][16]
Election results
Summary
| Election | Left-Green V / U | Social Democrats S | People's F | Pirate P / Þ | Viðreisn C | Progressive B | Independence D | Centre M | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | |
| 2024 | 1,080 | 2.92% | 0 | 9,653 | 26.08% | 3 | 4,400 | 11.89% | 1 | 2,006 | 5.42% | 0 | 6,043 | 16.32% | 2 | 1,492 | 4.03% | 0 | 6,459 | 17.45% | 2 | 3,284 | 8.87% | 1 |
| 2021 | 5,597 | 15.94% | 2 | 4,427 | 12.61% | 1 | 2,694 | 7.67% | 1 | 4,508 | 12.84% | 1 | 2,706 | 7.71% | 1 | 4,329 | 12.33% | 1 | 7,353 | 20.94% | 2 | 1,234 | 3.51% | 0 |
| 2017 | 7,727 | 21.54% | 3 | 4,575 | 12.75% | 1 | 2,546 | 7.10% | 0 | 4,887 | 13.62% | 1 | 3,013 | 8.40% | 1 | 1,901 | 5.30% | 0 | 8,109 | 22.60% | 3 | 2,509 | 6.99% | 0 |
| 2016 | 7,318 | 20.92% | 2 | 1,822 | 5.21% | 0 | 1,321 | 3.78% | 0 | 6,663 | 19.04% | 2 | 4,064 | 11.62% | 1 | 1,988 | 5.68% | 0 | 8,539 | 24.41% | 3 | |||
| 2013 | 5,493 | 15.67% | 2 | 4,996 | 14.25% | 1 | 2,407 | 6.87% | 0 | 5,759 | 16.43% | 2 | 8,187 | 23.36% | 3 | |||||||||
| 2009 | 8,432 | 24.01% | 2 | 11,568 | 32.94% | 3 | 3,375 | 9.61% | 1 | 7,508 | 21.38% | 2 | ||||||||||||
| 2007 | 5,928 | 16.92% | 2 | 10,248 | 29.24% | 3 | 2,186 | 6.24% | 0 | 12,760 | 36.41% | 4 | ||||||||||||
| 2003 | 3,537 | 9.79% | 1 | 13,110 | 36.27% | 4 | 4,199 | 11.62% | 1 | 12,833 | 35.50% | 3 | ||||||||||||
(Excludes compensatory seats.)
Detailed
2020s
2024
Results of the 2024 parliamentary election held on 30 November 2024:[17]
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Con. | Com. | Tot. | |||||
| Social Democratic Alliance | S | 9,653 | 26.08% | 3 | 1 | 4 | |
| Independence Party | D | 6,459 | 17.45% | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| Viðreisn | C | 6,043 | 16.32% | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
| People's Party | F | 4,400 | 11.89% | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Centre Party | M | 3,284 | 8.87% | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Socialist Party of Iceland | J | 2,194 | 5.93% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Pirate Party | P | 2,006 | 5.42% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Progressive Party | B | 1,492 | 4.03% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Left-Green Movement | V | 1,080 | 2.92% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Democratic Party | L | 367 | 0.99% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Responsible Future | Y | 42 | 0.11% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 37,020 | 100.00% | 9 | 2 | 11 | ||
| Blank votes | 399 | 1.06% | |||||
| Rejected votes – other | 81 | 0.22% | |||||
| Total polled | 37,500 | 78.78% | |||||
| Registered electors | 47,600 | ||||||
The following candidates were elected:[18]
- Constituency seats - Dagur B. Eggertsson (S), 7,181.25 votes; Diljá Mist Einarsdóttir (D), 4,845.25 votes; Guðlaugur Þór Þórðarson (D), 6,247.00 votes; Hanna Katrín Friðriksson (C), 6,027.33 votes; Kristrún Frostadóttir (S), 9,598.62 votes; Pawel Bartoszek (C), 4,944.83 votes; Ragnar Þór Ingólfsson (F), 4,387.67 votes; Sigríður Á. Andersen (M), 3,242.33 votes; and Þórður Snær Júlíusson (S), 7,185.75 votes.
- Compensatory seats - Dagbjört Hákonardóttir (S), 6,237.62; and Grímur Grímsson (C), 4,029.67 votes.
2021
Results of the 2021 parliamentary election held on 25 September 2021:[19]
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Con. | Com. | Tot. | |||||
| Independence Party | D | 7,353 | 20.94% | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| Left-Green Movement | V | 5,597 | 15.94% | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| Pirate Party | P | 4,508 | 12.84% | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Social Democratic Alliance | S | 4,427 | 12.61% | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Progressive Party | B | 4,329 | 12.33% | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Viðreisn | C | 2,706 | 7.71% | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| People's Party | F | 2,694 | 7.67% | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Socialist Party of Iceland | J | 1,976 | 5.63% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Centre Party | M | 1,234 | 3.51% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Liberal Democratic Party | O | 150 | 0.43% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Responsible Future | Y | 144 | 0.41% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 35,118 | 100.00% | 9 | 2 | 11 | ||
| Blank votes | 483 | 1.35% | |||||
| Rejected votes – other | 127 | 0.36% | |||||
| Total polled | 35,728 | 78.76% | |||||
| Registered electors | 45,361 | ||||||
The following candidates were elected:[20]
- Constituency seats - Ásmundur Einar Daðason (B), 4,322.33 votes; Diljá Mist Einarsdóttir (D), 5,466.75 votes; Guðlaugur Þór Þórðarson (D), 7,269.50 votes; Halldóra Mogensen (P); 4,466.75 votes; Helga Vala Helgadóttir (S), 4,370.75 votes; Katrín Jakobsdóttir (V), 5,592.75 votes; Steinunn Þóra Árnadóttir (V), 4,190.75 votes; Tómas A. Tómasson (F), 2,691.67 votes; and Þorbjörg Sigríður Gunnlaugsdóttir (C), 2,703.00 votes.
- Compensatory seats - Andrés Ingi Jónsson (P), 3,368.00 votes; and Jóhann Páll Jóhannsson (S). 3,323.00 votes.
2010s
2017
Results of the 2017 parliamentary election held on 28 October 2017:[21][22][23][24]
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Con. | Com. | Tot. | |||||
| Independence Party | D | 8,109 | 22.60% | 3 | 0 | 3 | |
| Left-Green Movement | V | 7,727 | 21.54% | 3 | 0 | 3 | |
| Pirate Party | P | 4,887 | 13.62% | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Social Democratic Alliance | S | 4,575 | 12.75% | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Viðreisn | C | 3,013 | 8.40% | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| People's Party | F | 2,546 | 7.10% | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Centre Party | M | 2,509 | 6.99% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Progressive Party | B | 1,901 | 5.30% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Bright Future | A | 506 | 1.41% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| People's Front of Iceland | R | 105 | 0.29% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 35,878 | 100.00% | 9 | 2 | 11 | ||
| Blank votes | 711 | 1.94% | |||||
| Rejected votes – other | 144 | 0.39% | |||||
| Total polled | 36,733 | 79.73% | |||||
| Registered electors | 46,073 | ||||||
The following candidates were elected:[24]
- Constituency seats - Andrés Ingi Jónsson (V), 5,144.83 votes; Áslaug Arna Sigurbjörnsdóttir (D), 6,612.67 votes; Birgir Ármannsson (D), 5,418.00 votes; Guðlaugur Þór Þórðarson (D), 7,991.17 votes; Helga Vala Helgadóttir (S), 4,542.67 votes; Helgi Hrafn Gunnarsson (P), 4,878.75 votes; Katrín Jakobsdóttir (V), 7,723.83 votes; Steinunn Þóra Árnadóttir (V), 6,434.67 votes; and Þorsteinn Víglundsson (C), 2,994.33 votes.
- Compensatory seats - Halldóra Mogensen (P); 3,637.50 votes; and Ólafur Ísleifsson (F), 2,539.33 votes.
2016
Results of the 2016 parliamentary election held on 29 October 2016:[25][26][27][28]
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Con. | Com. | Tot. | |||||
| Independence Party | D | 8,539 | 24.41% | 3 | 0 | 3 | |
| Left-Green Movement | V | 7,318 | 20.92% | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
| Pirate Party | P | 6,663 | 19.04% | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
| Viðreisn | C | 4,064 | 11.62% | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Bright Future | A | 2,673 | 7.64% | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Progressive Party | B | 1,988 | 5.68% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Social Democratic Alliance | S | 1,822 | 5.21% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| People's Party | F | 1,321 | 3.78% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Dawn | T | 496 | 1.42% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| People's Front of Iceland | R | 104 | 0.30% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 34,988 | 100.00% | 9 | 2 | 11 | ||
| Blank votes | 700 | 1.95% | |||||
| Rejected votes – other | 175 | 0.49% | |||||
| Total polled | 35,863 | 77.88% | |||||
| Registered electors | 46,051 | ||||||
The following candidates were elected:[28]
- Constituency seats - Áslaug Arna Sigurbjörnsdóttir (D), 7,040.50 vtes; Birgir Ármannsson (D), 5,690.00 votes; Birgitta Jónsdóttir (P), 6,464.17 votes; Björn Leví Gunnarsson (P), 5,570.50 votes; Björt Ólafsdóttir (A), 2,655.33 votes; Guðlaugur Þór Þórðarson (D), 8,390.33 votes; Katrín Jakobsdóttir (V), 7,315.33 votes; Steinunn Þóra Árnadóttir (V), 6,092.33 votes; and Þorsteinn Víglundsson (C), 4,011.67 votes.
- Compensatory seats - Andrés Ingi Jónsson (V), 4,870.00 votes; and Halldóra Mogensen (P); 4,452.50 votes.
2013
Results of the 2013 parliamentary election held on 27 April 2013:[29][30][31][32]
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Con. | Com. | Tot. | |||||
| Independence Party | D | 8,187 | 23.36% | 3 | 0 | 3 | |
| Progressive Party | B | 5,759 | 16.43% | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| Left-Green Movement | V | 5,493 | 15.67% | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| Social Democratic Alliance | S | 4,996 | 14.25% | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Bright Future | A | 3,576 | 10.20% | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Pirate Party | Þ | 2,407 | 6.87% | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Iceland Democratic Party | L | 1,398 | 3.99% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Households Party | I | 1,289 | 3.68% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Dawn | T | 1,073 | 3.06% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Right-Green People's Party | G | 556 | 1.59% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Rainbow | J | 181 | 0.52% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Humanist Party | H | 71 | 0.20% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| People's Front of Iceland | R | 64 | 0.18% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 35,050 | 100.00% | 9 | 2 | 11 | ||
| Blank votes | 767 | 2.13% | |||||
| Rejected votes – other | 146 | 0.41% | |||||
| Total polled | 35,963 | 79.00% | |||||
| Registered electors | 45,523 | ||||||
The following candidates were elected:[32]
- Constituency seats - Árni Þór Sigurðsson (V), 4,054.3 votes; Birgir Ármannsson (D), 5,439.0 votes; Björt Ólafsdóttir (A), 3,456.7 votes; Brynjar Níelsson (D), 6,719.5 votes; Frosti Sigurjónsson (B), 5,752.0 votes; Illugi Gunnarsson (D), 7,943.0 votes; Katrín Jakobsdóttir (V), 5,488.0 votes; Össur Skarphéðinsson (S), 4,888.0 votes; and Sigrún Magnúsdóttir (B), 4,234.5 votes.
- Compensatory seats - Helgi Hrafn Gunnarsson (Þ), 2,383.0 votes; and Valgerður Bjarnadóttir (S), 3,693.8 votes.
2000s
2009
Results of the 2009 parliamentary election held on 25 April 2009:[33][34][35]
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Con. | Com. | Tot. | |||||
| Social Democratic Alliance | S | 11,568 | 32.94% | 3 | 1 | 4 | |
| Left-Green Movement | V | 8,432 | 24.01% | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
| Independence Party | D | 7,508 | 21.38% | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| Progressive Party | B | 3,375 | 9.61% | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Citizens' Movement | O | 3,357 | 9.56% | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Liberal Party | F | 556 | 1.58% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Democracy Movement | P | 325 | 0.93% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 35,121 | 100.00% | 9 | 2 | 11 | ||
| Blank votes | 1,145 | 3.14% | |||||
| Rejected votes – other | 174 | 0.48% | |||||
| Total polled | 36,440 | 83.26% | |||||
| Registered electors | 43,767 | ||||||
The following candidates were elected:[35]
- Constituency seats - Árni Þór Sigurðsson (V), 6,827.0 votes; Helgi Hjörvar (S), 9,535.0 votes; Illugi Gunnarsson (D), 7,285.5 votes; Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir (S), 11,526.5 votes; Katrín Jakobsdóttir (V), 8,380.8 votes; Pétur Blöndal (D), 5,501.0 votes; Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson (B), 3,360.0 votes; Valgerður Bjarnadóttir (S), 8,645.5 votes; and Þráinn Bertelsson (O), 3,050.3 votes.
- Compensatory seats - Álfheiður Ingadóttir (V), 5,460.8 votes; and Steinunn Valdís Óskarsdóttir (S), 6,368.7 votes.
2007
Results of the 2007 parliamentary election held on 12 May 2007:[36][37][38]
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Con. | Com. | Tot. | |||||
| Independence Party | D | 12,760 | 36.41% | 4 | 0 | 4 | |
| Social Democratic Alliance | S | 10,248 | 29.24% | 3 | 2 | 5 | |
| Left-Green Movement | V | 5,928 | 16.92% | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| Liberal Party | F | 2,216 | 6.32% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Progressive Party | B | 2,186 | 6.24% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Icelandic Movement – Living Country | I | 1,706 | 4.87% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 35,044 | 100.00% | 9 | 2 | 11 | ||
| Blank votes | 510 | 1.43% | |||||
| Rejected votes – other | 71 | 0.20% | |||||
| Total polled | 35,625 | 81.42% | |||||
| Registered electors | 43,756 | ||||||
The following candidates were elected:[38]
- Constituency seats - Árni Þór Sigurðsson (V), 4,405.5 votes; Guðfinna S. Bjarnadóttir (D), 11,121.7 votes; Guðlaugur Þór Þórðarson (D), 12,575.4 votes; Helgi Hjörvar (S), 8,150.6 votes; Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir (S), 9,205.6 votes; Katrín Jakobsdóttir (V), 5,911.5 votes; Össur Skarphéðinsson (S), 10,071.4 votes; Pétur Blöndal (D), 9,410.5 votes; and Sigurður Kári Kristjánsson (D), 7,940.9 votes.
- Compensatory seats - Ellert Schram (S), 6,162.6 votes; and Steinunn Valdís Óskarsdóttir (S), 7,119.1 votes.
2003
Results of the 2003 parliamentary election held on 10 May 2003:[39][40][41]
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Con. | Com. | Tot. | |||||
| Social Democratic Alliance | S | 13,110 | 36.27% | 4 | 0 | 4 | |
| Independence Party | D | 12,833 | 35.50% | 3 | 1 | 4 | |
| Progressive Party | B | 4,199 | 11.62% | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Left-Green Movement | U | 3,537 | 9.79% | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Liberal Party | F | 2,002 | 5.54% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| New Force | N | 464 | 1.28% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 36,145 | 100.00% | 9 | 2 | 11 | ||
| Blank votes | 339 | 0.93% | |||||
| Rejected votes – other | 131 | 0.36% | |||||
| Total polled | 36,615 | 85.53% | |||||
| Registered electors | 42,812 | ||||||
The following candidates were elected:[41]
- Constituency seats - Björn Bjarnason (D), 11,097.2 votes; Bryndís Hlöðversdóttir (S), 11,454.6 votes; Davíð Oddsson (D), 12,704.7 votes; Guðlaugur Þór Þórðarson (D), 9,519.5 votes; Guðrún Ögmundsdóttir (S), 9,820.2 votes; Halldór Ásgrímsson (B), 4,181.5 votes; Helgi Hjörvar (S), 7,998.5 votes; Kolbrún Halldórsdóttir (U), 3,328.0 votes; and Össur Skarphéðinsson (S), 12,653.2 votes.
- Compensatory seats - Árni Magnússon (B), 3,149.2 votes; and Sigurður Kári Kristjánsson (D), 7,982.1 votes.
Notes
- 1 2 3 Excludes compensatory seats.
References
- ↑ "Alþingismenn - Þingmenn og embætti" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Helgason, Thorkell (November 2013). "Apportionment of Seats to Althingi, the Icelandic Parliament" (PDF). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ↑ "Kjördæmaskipun á tímum ráðgjafarþinganna 1843–1874" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ↑ "Kjördæmaskipan á tímum Alþingis með takmarkað löggjafarvald 1874–1918" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- 1 2 "Kjördæmaskipan fullvalda konungsríkis 1918–1944" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- 1 2 "Kjördæmaskipan lýðveldisins frá 1944" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ↑ "Skýrsla forsætisráðherra um endurskoðun á kjördæmaskipun og tilhögun kosninga til Alþingis" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- 1 2 "Stjórnarskipunarlög um breytingu á stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands, nr. 33/1944, með síðari breytingum" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- 1 2 3 "Lög um kosningar til Alþingis" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ↑ "Election for Icelandic Parliament". Election Guide. Arlington, U.S.A.: International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ↑ "Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Iceland". Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ↑ Helgason, Thorkell (November 2013). "Apportionment of Seats to Althingi, the Icelandic Parliament" (PDF). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- 1 2 "Iceland: Althingi (Parliament)". PARLINE database on national parliaments. Geneva, Switzerland: Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ↑ Helgason, Thorkell (November 2013). "Apportionment of Seats to Althingi, the Icelandic Parliament" (PDF). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ↑ Bengtsson, Å.; Hansen, K. M.; Harðarson, Ó. Þ.; Narud, H. M.; Oscarsson, H. (2014). The Nordic Voter: Myths of Exceptionalism. Colchester, U.K.: ECPR Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-907301-25-4. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ↑ Helgason, Thorkell (November 2013). "Apportionment of Seats to Althingi, the Icelandic Parliament" (PDF). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ↑ "Skýrsla til landskjörstjórnar og Hagstofu Íslands samkvæmt 108. gr. laga nr. 112/2021 frá yfirkjörstjórn í Reykjavikurkjördæmi norður við kosningar til Alþingis hinn 30. nóvember 2024" (PDF). National Electoral Commission of Iceland (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Yfirkjörstjórn í Reykjavíkurkjördæmi norður. p. 1. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
- ↑ "Kosningaskýrsla Landskjörstjórnar: Útreikningur á úthlutun þingsæta við alþingiskosningar 30. nóvember 2024" (PDF) (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. 10 December 2024. p. 40. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
- ↑ "Skýrsla til landskjörstjórnar og Hagstofu Íslands samkvæmt ákvæðum 105. gr. og 116. gr. laga nr. 24/2000,með síðari breytingum frá yfirkjörstjórn í Reykjavíkurkjördæmi norður við kosningar til Alþingis 25. september 2021" (PDF). National Electoral Commission of Iceland (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Yfirkjörstjórn í Reykjavíkurkjördæmi norður. 26 September 2021. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ↑ "Útreikningur á úthlutun þingsæta við alþingiskosningar 25. september 2021" (PDF) (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. 30 September 2021. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 28. október 2017" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 102, no. 27. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 21 December 2017. p. 22. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 28. október 2017" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 102, no. 27. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 21 December 2017. p. 25. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 28. október 2017" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 102, no. 27. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 21 December 2017. p. 7. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- 1 2 "Alþingiskosningar 28. október 2017" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 102, no. 27. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 21 December 2017. p. 41. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 29. október 2016" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 101, no. 35. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 20 December 2016. p. 22. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 29. október 2016" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 101, no. 35. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 20 December 2016. p. 25. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 29. október 2016" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 101, no. 35. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 20 December 2016. p. 7. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- 1 2 "Alþingiskosningar 29. október 2016" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 101, no. 35. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 20 December 2016. p. 42. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 27. apríl 2013" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 100, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 24 February 2015. p. 19. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 27. apríl 2013" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 100, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 24 February 2015. p. 22. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 27. apríl 2013" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 100, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 24 February 2015. p. 6. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- 1 2 "Alþingiskosningar 27. apríl 2013" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 100, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 24 February 2015. p. 35. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 25. apríl 2009" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 95, no. 13. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 3 March 2010. p. 15. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 25. apríl 2009" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 95, no. 13. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 3 March 2010. p. 19. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- 1 2 "Alþingiskosningar 25. apríl 2009" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 95, no. 13. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 3 March 2010. p. 30. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 12. maí 2007" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 93, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 15 January 2008. p. 15. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 12. maí 2007" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 93, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 15 January 2008. p. 19. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- 1 2 "Alþingiskosningar 12. maí 2007" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 93, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 15 January 2008. p. 31. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 10. maí 2003" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 89, no. 62. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 27 December 2004. p. 14. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ↑ "Alþingiskosningar 10. maí 2003" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 89, no. 62. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 27 December 2004. p. 17. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- 1 2 "Alþingiskosningar 10. maí 2003" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 89, no. 62. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 27 December 2004. p. 27. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.