Resonant converter

Schematic of a typical LLC converter. C1: input capacitor. Q1 and Q2: switching transistors. C2, L1 and L2 are the tank circuit. L2 is often replaced with the transformer primary. T1: coupling transformer. D1 and D2: rectifier diodes. C3: output capacitor.

A resonant converter is a type of electric power converter, typically AC-to-DC or DC-to-DC, that is based around a circuit tuned to resonate at a specific frequency, called a resonant tank.[1] As this circuit typically consists of two inductors and a capacitor, they are also referred to as LLC resonant converters. This resonant circuit is powered by the input, made to oscillate by a switching circuit, and one of the inductors is either part of or connected to a transformer, which magnetically couples to the output.

The use of a resonant circuit allows higher switching frequencies (in the hundreds of kHz[1]) than a typical switched-mode power supply (typically under 100 kHz), which result in several advantages. The high frequency results in reduced switching losses and therefore an increase in conversion efficiency (nearing 98%[2]), and a reduction in component size and in the amount of electrical noise generated.[3] This means they can be smaller, lighter and more efficient than a comparable switching supply, and they find use in applications requiring large amounts of power.

Since the 2000s they have found applications in power demanding applications such as electric vehicle chargers[3], power conversion for solar energy[4], and hydrogen hydrolysis[2], as well as power supplies for consumer electronics where there is a high power requirement or a space constraint.

There are multiple types of resonant converter, depending on the topology and the switching method:[5]

  • Series resonant converter
  • Parallel resonant converter
  • Class E resonant converter
  • Class E resonant rectifier
  • Zero-voltage switching resonant converter
  • Zero-current switching resonant converter
  • Two-quadrant ZVS resonant converter
  • Resonant DC-link inverter

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Abdel-Rahman, Sam (2012). Resonant LLC Converter: Operation and Design (PDF) (Application note). Infineon Technologies North America.
  2. 1 2 Unruh, Roland; Schafmeister, Frank; Böcker, Joachim (November 2020). "11kW, 70kHz LLC Converter Design with Adaptive Input Voltage for 98% Efficiency in an MMC". 2020 IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL). pp. 1–8. Bibcode:2020comp.conf....3U. doi:10.1109/COMPEL49091.2020.9265771. ISBN 978-1-7281-7160-9.
  3. 1 2 Hudson, Thomas (18 April 2024). Understanding LLC Operation (Part I): Power Switches and Resonant Tank (PDF) (Application note). Monolithic Power Systems.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. ↑ Altin, Necmi; Ozdemir, Saban; Nasiri, Adel (September 2019). "A Novel Solar PV Inverter Topology Based on an LLC Resonant Converter". 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). pp. 6734–6740. Bibcode:2019ecce.conf.1019A. doi:10.1109/ECCE.2019.8912924. ISBN 978-1-7281-0395-2.
  5. ↑ Lenka, Jyotiprakash (13 April 2013). "Resonant Converter". Retrieved 14 June 2026.
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