Qalebatuqo Hatuqay
Qalebatuqo Hatuqay Shupako | |
|---|---|
| Къэлэубатыкъо Хьатыкъуай ШIупакIо | |
 Confederate Leader of Circassia (de jure) | |
| In office 1807–1827 | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Ismail Berzeg (de facto) |
| Personal details | |
| Party | National Oath |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Circassian Confederation |
| Battles/wars | Russo-Circassian War |
Qalebatuqo Hatuqay Shupako (Adyghe: Къэлэубатыкъо Хьатыкъуай ШIупакIо) was a Circassian politician and military commander who served as the leader of the Circassian Confederation from 1807 to 1827. He took part in the Russo-Circassian War.[1][2] He is called "Kalabat-Oku Hatukwoi" by James Bell.[3]
Biography
Early life
Not much is recorded about Qalebatuqo, as Circassians did not write down their history, and all knowledge comes from Russian and British sources. He had a brother named Kushmud.[4] His exact birth date is not known. Of Circassian Natukhaj nobility, he was raised with a martial education.
Name
His name was Hatuqay and he was a nobleman of the House of Shupako belonging to the Qalebatuqo sub-branch.
Participation in the Russo-Circassian War
Qalebatuqo was a respected person all around Circassia and fought in the Russo-Circassian War.[5]
Leadership
In 1807, Shupako Qalebatuqo self-proclaimed himself as the leader of the Circassian confederation, and divided Circassia into 12 major regions.[5][6][7] These regions were Shapsugo-Natukhaj, Abdzakh, Chemguy, Barakay, Bzhedug, Kabardo-Besleney, Hatuqay, Makhosh, Bashilbey, Taberda, Abkhazia and Ubykh.[5][6][7]
In 1827, Ismail Berzeg officially declared the military confederation of the Circassian tribes. By the end of 1839, he managed to unite a significant part of the population under his control.[8][9] His nominal reign therefore came to an end.
Death
His death circumstances are not recorded in Russian, British or Circassian sources, and remain unknown.
References
- ↑ Хункаров, Д. Урыс-Адыгэ зауэ
- ↑ A.Ü. Arşivi, XII.V, Çerkez tarihi liderleri
- ↑ Bell, James Stanislaus (1840). Journal of a Residence in Circassia: During the Years 1837, 1838 and 1839. Vol. I. London: Edward Moxon. p. 122.
- ↑ Bell, James Stanislaus (1840). Journal of a Residence in Circassia: During the Years 1837, 1838 and 1839 : in 2 Volumes. Moxon. p. 306.
- 1 2 3 Berkok, İsmail. Tarihte Kafkasya. İstanbul Matbaası.
- 1 2 Berkok, İsmail. Tarihte Kafkasya
- 1 2 KAFFED, Çerkes Özgürlük Meclisi
- ↑ Hatajuqua, Ali. "Hadji-Ismail Dagomuqua Berzeg, Circassian Warrior and Diplomat". Eurasia Daily Monitor. 7 (38).
- ↑ D, S. Kronolojik Savaş Tarihi