Portal:Andorra/Selected biography
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Selected biography 1
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Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron (born 21 December 1977) is a French politician who has served as President of France since 2017. He has been a member of Renaissance since founding the party in 2016. Macron previously served as Deputy Secretary-General to the President from 2012 to 2014 and Minister of Economics and Finance from 2014 to 2016 under President François Hollande.
Born in Amiens, Macron studied philosophy at Paris Nanterre University. He completed a master's degree in public affairs at Sciences Po and graduated from the École nationale d'administration in 2004. He worked as a senior civil servant at the General Inspectorate of Finance and as an investment banker at Rothschild & Co. Macron was a senior adviser to President Hollande, being appointed as Élysée deputy secretary-general by Hollande after the 2012 presidential election. He was later appointed as Economics Minister in 2014 in the second Valls government, and led several business-friendly reforms. He resigned in 2016 to launch his 2017 presidential campaign. A member of the Socialist Party between 2006 and 2009, he ran in the election under the banner of En Marche, a centrist and pro-European political movement which he founded in 2016.
Partly due to the Fillon affair, Macron was elected president in May 2017 with 66% of the second-round vote, defeating Marine Le Pen of the National Front. Aged 39, he became the youngest president in French history. In the 2017 legislative election, his party, renamed La République En Marche! (LREM), secured a majority in the National Assembly. During his presidency, Macron has overseen reforms to labour laws, taxation, and pensions; and pursued a renewable energy transition. Dubbed "president of the rich" by opponents, increasing protests against his reforms culminated in 2018–2020 with the yellow vests protests and the pension reform strike. From 2020, he led France's response to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent recession, including by overseeing the country's vaccination rollout. In foreign policy, Macron called for reforms to the European Union (EU) and signed treaties with Germany and Italy. He conducted €40 billion in trade and business agreements with China during the China–United States trade war and oversaw a dispute with Australia and the US over the AUKUS security pact. Macron has also continued Opération Chammal in the war against the Islamic State and joined in the international condemnation of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Macron was elected to a second term in the 2022 presidential election, again defeating Le Pen and becoming the first French presidential candidate to win reelection since Jacques Chirac in 2002. In the 2022 legislative election, Macron's centrist coalition lost its majority, resulting in a hung parliament and formation of France's first minority government since 1993. In 2023, the government of his prime minister, Élisabeth Borne, passed legislation raising the retirement age from 62 to 64; this led to public sector strikes and violent protests. In 2024, Macron appointed Gabriel Attal as prime minister after a government crisis. He then dissolved the National Assembly and called a snap legislative election following overwhelming defeat at the 2024 European Parliament elections, which resulted in another hung parliament and an electoral defeat for his coalition. Afterwards, Macron appointed Michel Barnier, a conservative and former chief Brexit negotiator, as prime minister. Three months in, Barnier was toppled by a historic vote of no confidence, prompting Macron to replace him with centrist veteran François Bayrou. After Bayrou was himself brought down by a confidence vote in September 2025, Macron appointed Sébastien Lecornu, Minister of the Armed Forces, as prime minister. Lecornu resigned less than a month later following political backlash over the composition of his government, but was reappointed by Macron shortly afterwards. The formations of these short-lived governments marked a political crisis. (Full article...) As president of France, Macron also serves ex officio as one of the two co-princes of Andorra. His chief of staff Patrick Strzoda serves as his representative in this capacity. Joan Enric Vives i Sicília, appointed as the Bishop of Urgell on 12 May 2003, served as Macron's co-prince until Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat succeeded him in 2025.[1] Macron swore the Constitution of Andorra through Strzoda in an act that took place on 15 June 2017 in Casa de la Vall.[2] Macron visited the country on a State visit on 12 September 2019. The following day he spoke at the historic building of the General Council of Andorra alongside Episcopal Co-Prince Joan Enric Vives, Prime Minister Xavier Espot and the General Syndic Roser Suñé Pascuet.[3]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Andorran government asked France for economic aid, but Macron refused, arguing that the Bank of France could not offer loans to another country without the approval of the European Central Bank.[4]
In January 2024, former New Caledonian high commissioner Patrice Faure was appointed chief of staff to Macron,[5] and in November, his representative to Andorra.[6]
Selected biography 2
Portal:Andorra/Selected biography/2
Joan-Enric Vives i Sicília (Catalan: [ʒuˈan ənˈriɡ ˈbiβəz i siˈsili.ə]; born 24 July 1949) is a Spanish Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Urgell and ex officio episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra from 2003 to 2025. (Full article...)
- ↑ "El Vaticà accepta la dimissió de Vives i Serrano pren possessió com a nou Copríncep episcopal". El Periòdic d'Andorra. 31 May 2025.
- ↑ "Macron promet la Constitució a través del seu representant a Casa de la Vall". Archived from the original on 8 November 2023.
- ↑ "Macron cumple con la tradición y visita Andorra en calidad de copríncipe". La Vanguardia. 13 September 2019.
- ↑ "Coronavirus: Face à la crise, l'Andorre demande de l'aide à la France, qui lui envoie une fin de non-recevoir". L'Indépendant. 14 May 2020. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
- ↑ Decloitre, Patrick (7 January 2024). "Former New Caledonia-based High Commissioner appointed French President's Chief of Staff". Radio New Zealand.
- ↑ "Patrice Faure és nomenat representant personal del Copríncep francès" [Patrice Faure is appointed personal representative of the French Co-Prince]. Diari d'Andorra (in Catalan).