Penstemon linarioides

Penstemon linarioides
Secure
Secure (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantaginaceae
Genus: Penstemon
Species:
P. linarioides
Binomial name
Penstemon linarioides
Varieties[2]
  • P. l. var. coloradoensis
  • P. l. var. linarioides
  • P. l. var. maguirei
  • P. l. var. sileri
Synonyms[3]
  • Penstemon coloradoensis

Penstemon linarioides is a plant species in the genus Penstemon. Its common names include toadflax penstemon, toadflax beardtongue and Colorado narrowleaf beardtongue. It grows in Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico.

Taxonomy

Penstemon linarioides was scientifically described in 1859 by Asa Gray. He placed the species in the genus Penstemon which is part of the Plantaginaceae family. It has four accepted varieties.[2]

  • Penstemon linarioides var. coloradoensis – Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico[3]
  • Penstemon linarioides var. linarioides – Baja California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Sonora[4]
  • Penstemon linarioides var. maguirei – Arizona and New Mexico[5]
  • Penstemon linarioides var. sileri – Arizona, Nevada, and Utah[6]

It has eight synonyms of the species or one of its four varieties.[7]

Table of Synonyms
Name Year Rank Synonym of: Notes
Penstemon coloradoensis A.Nelson 1899 species var. coloradoensis ≡ hom.
Penstemon coloradoensis subsp. sileri Pennell 1920 subspecies var. coloradoensis = het.
Penstemon linarioides subsp. coloradoensis (A.Nelson) D.D.Keck 1937 subspecies var. coloradoensis ≡ hom.
Penstemon linarioides subsp. compactifolius D.D.Keck 1937 subspecies var. linarioides = het.
Penstemon linarioides subsp. maguirei D.D.Keck 1937 subspecies var. maguirei ≡ hom.
Penstemon linarioides subsp. sileri (A.Gray) D.D.Keck 1937 subspecies var. sileri ≡ hom.
Penstemon linarioides subsp. typicus D.D.Keck 1937 subspecies P. linarioides ≡ hom., not validly publ.
Penstemon linarioides var. viridis D.D.Keck 1937 variety var. sileri = het.
Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym; = heterotypic synonym

Names

The species name, linarioides, means 'like toadflax' in Botanical Latin due to the similar leaf shape to some species in the genus Linaria.[8] Penstemon linarioides is known by the common names toadflax penstemon,[9] linarialeaf penstemon,[10] and narrowleaf penstemon.[10] It is also known as Colorado toadflax beardtongue and toadflax beardtongue.[8][11] It is sometimes called mat penstemon,[12] however Penstemon caespitosus is more typically known by this name.[13]

See also

References

Citations

Sources

Books

  • Busco, Janice; Morin, Nancy R. (2010) [2003]. Native Plants for High-Elevation Western Gardens (Second ed.). Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55591-740-1. LCCN 2011288660. OCLC 712591270. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  • Heflin, Jean (1997). Penstemons : The Beautiful Beardtongues of New Mexico. Albuquerque, New Mexico: Jackrabbit Press. ISBN 978-0-9659693-0-7. OCLC 39050925. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  • Heil, Kenneth D.; O'Kane, Steve L. Jr.; Reeves, Linda Mary; Clifford, Arnold (2013). Flora of the Four Corners Region: Vascular Plants of the San Juan River Drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah (First ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. ISBN 978-1-930723-84-9. ISSN 0161-1542. LCCN 2012949654. OCLC 859541992. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  • McDougall, W. B. (1964). Grand Canyon Wild Flowers: Seed Plants of Grand Canyon National Park. Flagstaff, Arizona: Museum of Northern Arizona. OCLC 1016860. Retrieved 3 April 2026.

Web sources

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