Paleobiota of the Tamiami Formation

The Tamiami Formation is a Konzentrat Lagerstätte in Florida that preserves an unusually high diversity of species. A variety of distinct terrestrial, marine and freshwater ecosystems are represented by the formation, including rivers, lakes, reefs, swamps, beaches, and seagrass beds. Fossils are mostly known from canals, roads (being named after US Highway 41), dredging, and shell pits. There are a few natural exposures of the formation like Cookiecutter Creek and Venice Beach.

Algae

Haptophytes are preserved as mineral shells and are used in biochronology.

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
†Discoasteraceae	†Discoaster	†Discoaster pentardiatus	Pinecrest beds	Common
Noelaerhabdaceae	Gephyrocapsa	Gephyrocapsa caribbeannica			Individuals in the Tamiami formation are larger than modern individuals
	Reticulofenestra	Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica
†Sphenolithaceae	†Sphenolithus	†Sphenolithus abies

Amphibians

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Images
Ranidae	Rana	Rana cf. catesbiana			Large Frog
Sirenidae	Siren	Siren cf. lacertina			Greater Siren

Annelids

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Spionidae	Helicotaphrichnus	Helicotaphrichnus commensalis	Pinecrest Beds		Exclusively associated with hermit crabs
	Polydora

Bony fishes

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Diodontidae	Indeterminate
Ictaluridae	Indeterminate
Lepisosteidae	Atractosteus
	Indeterminate
Mugilidae	Mugil	Mugil sp.	Pinecrest Beds		Mullet
Sparidae	Archosargus
	Lagodon
Sphyraenidae	Sphyraena	Sphyraena barracuda				A barracuda tooth from the Tamiami or Peace River Formation
Sciaenidae	Pogonias	Pogonias cromis

Brachiopoda

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Lingulidae	Glottidia	Glottidia inexpectens	Lower	Rare	Also occurs in the Bone Valley Formation

Bryozoa

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Adeonidae	Reptadeonella	†Reptadeonella umbilicata
Calloporidae	Amphiblestrum	†Amphiblestrum constrictum
	Aplousina	†Aplousina grandis
	Copidozoum	†Copidozoum cf. parvirostris
Celleporidae	Pourtalesella	†Pourtalesella chiarae
Cribrilinidae	Cribrilaria	Cribrilaria scripta
Bitectiporidae	Metroperiella	†Metroperiella reversa
Bryocryptellidae	Cyclocolposa	†Cyclocolposa perforata
Lepraliellidae	Celleporaria
Microporellidae	Microporella	Microporella cf. pontifica
		†Microporella sarasotaensis	Pinecrest Beds	Common
		†Microporella tamiamiensis
Oncousoeciidae	Oncousoecia
Onychocellidae	Floridina	†Floridina regularis
Phidoloporidae	Plesiocleidochasma	†Plesiocleidochasma cf. vestitum
Romancheinidae	Hippopleurifera	Hippopleurifera mucronata
Schizoporellidae	Stylopoma	†Stylopoma leverhulme
Stomachetosellidae	†Cycloperiella	†Cycloperiella rubra
Trypostegidae	Trypostega	†Trypostega composita

Corals

Coral deposits are found within all members of the Tamiami formation.

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Acroporidae	Acropora		Golden Gates
Caryophylliidae	†Placocyathus	†Placocyathus barretti			Not a synonym of Trochocyathus
		†Placocyathus variabilis
Faviidae	Manicina	Manicina areolata
Meandrinidae	Dichocoenia	†Dichocoenia cf. eminens
		†Dichocoenia sp.
		†Dichocoenia tuberosa
		Dichocoenia stokesi	Golden Gates
	Meandrina	Meandrina meandrites
Merulinidae	Orbicella	†Orbicella limbata
	Trachyphyllia	†Trachyphyllia bilobata
		Trachyphyllia geoffroyi			Locally extinct
Montastraeidae	Montastrea	†Montastrea brevis
		†Montastrea endothecata
Mussidae(?)	Solenastrea	Solenastrea bournoni	Pinecrest Beds, Golden Gates			Solenastrea
		Solenastrea hyades
Mussinae	†Antillia	†Antillia walli	Golden Gates
	†Antillophyllia
Pocilloporidae	Stylophora	†Stylophora affinis	Golden Gates Reef
		†Stylophora granulata
		†Stylophora minor
Poritidae	Goniopora	†Goniopora hilli
	Porites	†Porites baracoaensis	Golden Gates Reef
Rhizangiidae	Septastrea	†Septastrea marylandica			Associated with hermit crabs	Septastrea marylandica from the Caloosahatchee Formation of Hillsborough County
		†Septastrea matsoni
Siderastreidae	Siderastrea	†Siderastrea dalli	Golden Gates Reef
		†Siderastrea pliocenica

Chondrichthyes

Rays

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Aetobatidae	Aetobatus	Aetobatus sp.				Aetobatus sp. dental plate fragment from the Pinecrest Beds of Sarasota County
Mobulidae	Mobula	Mobula birostris
		Mobula hypostoma
Myliobatidae	Myliobatis	Myliobatis sp.	Pinecrest Beds			Myliobatis sp. dental plate from the Pinecrest Beds of Sarasota county

Sharks

The Tamiami Formation is partially the source of the shark teeth of Venice Beach.

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Carcharhinidae	Carcharhinus	Carcharhinus leucas				Carcharhinus leucas from the Tamiami Formation of Sarasota
	Negaprion	Negaprion brevirostris				Negaprion brevirostris from the Pinecrest Beds of Hillsborough County
	†Physogaleus	†Physogaleus contortus		Uncommon		Physogaleus contortus from the Bone Valley Formation’s Palmetto Fauna, a contemporary deposit to the Lower Tamiami Formation
Dalatiidae	Isistius	†Isistius triangulus		Common (186 teeth)	Extinct cookiecutter shark
Hemigaleidae	Hemipristis	†Hemipristis serra				Hemipristis serra from the Bone Valley Formation’s Palmetto Fauna, a contemporary deposit to the Lower Tamiami Formation
Incertae sedis	†Parotodus	†Parotodus benedinii				Parotodus benedinii from the Peace River Formation or potentially the lower units of the overlying Tamiami Formation
Lamnidae	Carcharodon	Carcharodon carcharias
		†Carcharodon hastalis				Carcharodon hastalis from the Bone Valley Formation’s Palmetto Fauna, a contemporary deposit to the lower Tamiami Formation. (s.l.)
	Isurus	Isurus oxyrinchus		Uncommon
†Otodontidae	†Otodus	†Otodus megalodon		Uncommon		Otodus megalodon from the Tamiami or Peace River Formation of Sarasota
Scyliohinidae	Scyliorhinus	Scyliorhinus sp.
Squatinidae	Squatina

Crustacea

Cirripedia

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Balanidae	Paraconcavus	†Paraconcavus sarasotaensis	Pinecrest Beds?
		†Paraconcavus talquinensis

Decapoda

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Calappidae	Calappa	Calappa sp.
Callianassidae	Callianassa				Mud shrimp
Cryptochiridae	Galacticus	†Galacticus duerri			Earliest known occurrence of a Cryptochirid, ichnofossil
Diogenidae	Petrochirus
Leucosiidae	Persephona
Majidae	Incertae sedis
Menippidae	Menippe	Menippe mercenaria
	Incertae sedis
Paguroidea (Families unknown)	Various				Known from the presence of Helicotaphrichnus commensalis
Porcellanidae	Petrolisthes	†Petrolisthes myakkensis	Pinecrest Beds		Formed commensal relationships with the locally extinct Heliaster microbrachius

Echinoderms

Sea stars

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Heliasteridae	Heliaster	Heliaster microbrachius	Pinecrest Beds	Common	Formed commensal relationships with the extinct porcelain crab, Petrolisthes myakkensis. The species only occurs in the Pacific Ocean today.	Modern Heliaster microbrachius from the Smithsonian’s Museum of Natural History

Sea urchins

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Arbaciidae	Arbacia	†Arbacia crenulata
Brissidae	Brissus	†Brissus glenni
	Plagiobrissus	†Plagiobrissus sarae
Cassidulidae	Rhyncholampas	†Rhyncholampas ayresi
	†Rhynchopygus	†Rhynchopygus evergladensis
Cidaridae	Eucidaris	Eucidaris tribuloides				Live Eucidaris tribuloides
Clypeasteridae	Clypeaster	†Clypeaster crassus
		†Clypeaster romani
		†Clypeaster sunnilandensis			Taxonomic status unclear
		Clypeaster indet.
Loveniidae	Echinocardium	†Echinocardium orthonotum
Mellitidae	Encope	†Encope michelini
		†Encope tamiamiensis		Common	Index taxon
	Mellita	†Mellita aclinensis
Toxopneustidae	Lytechinus	Lytechinus variegatus				Live Lytechinus variegatus

Foraminifera

Foraminifera are testate amoebae used often in biochronolgy.

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Ammoniidae	Ammonia	Ammonia tepida				Ammonia tepida from the Pinecrest Beds
Bolivinitidae	Bolivina
Buliminellidae	Buliminella	Buliminella elegantissima
		†Buliminella elongata
Cibididae	Cibicides
Globigerinae	Globigerina	Globigerina bulloides				A rendering of Globigerina
		Globigerina nepenthes
	Spheroidinellopsis	Spheroidinellopsis seminulina		Common
Litoulidae	Ammobaculites		Pinecrest Beds, Fruitville
Nonionidae	Nonionella

Mammals

Known from the Macasphalt Shell Pit, St. Petersburg Times, the Brighton Canal and various sites along the Kissimmee river. The Bone Valley Formation's Palmetto Fauna is contemporary with the Lower Tamiami Formation, reflecting deposits in a nearby estuary (The Bone Valley Estuary).

family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Balaenidae	Incertae sedis	Balaenidae sp.	All		Right whale
Balaenopteridae	Balaenoptera	Balaenoptera sp.	Pinecrest Beds		Rorqual
	†Cetotheriophanes	†Cetotheriophanes capellinii			Extinct Rorqual
Camelidae	†Hemiauchenia	†Hemiauchenia blancoensis
Canidae	Canis	†Canis lepophagus		Macasphalt Shell Pit	Ancestor of wolves and coyotes
Cervidae	Odocoileus	Odocoileus cf. virginianus			Probable White-Tailed Deer
Cricetidae	Sigmodon	†Sigmodon medius			Cotton rat
Dasypodidae	Dasypus	†Dasypus bellus			The “Beautiful Armadillo”	Dasypus bellus skull
	†Pachyarmatherium	†Pachyarmatherium leiseyi
Delphinidae	Incertae sedis	Delphinidae sp. 1				Delphinid rostrum from the Bone Valley Formation, a contemporary deposit of the Lower Tamiami (s.l.)
		Delphinidae sp. 2
Dugongidae	Incertae sedis	Dugongidae sp.	All Members			A cross section of a Dugongid rib from the Bone Valley Formation’s Palmetto Fauna, a contemporary deposit to the lower Tamiami Formation (s.l.)
Equidae	†Cormohipparion	†Cormohipparion emsliei	Pinecrest Beds
	Equus	"Advanced" Equus
		†Equus cf. simplicidens
	†Nannippus	†Nannippus aztecus
		†Nannippus peninsulatus	Pinecrest Beds		Three-Toed Horse
Geomyidae	Orthogeomys	†Orthogeomys propinetis			Giant gopher
†Glyptodontidae	†Glyptotherium	†Glyptotherium cf. arizonae
†Gompotheriidae	†Ambelodon (?)	indet.
	†Cuvieronius	indet.
	†Rhynchotherium	†Rhynchotherium falconeri
Hydrochaeridae	†Neochoerus	†Neochoerus dichroplax			Extinct giant capybara	Neochoerus dichroplax incisor tooth
Leporidae	Sylvilagus				Cottontail Rabbit
Odobenidae	†Ontocetus	†Ontocetus emmonsi			Walrus
†Pampatheriidae	†Holmesina	†Holmesina floridanus				Holmesina
Phocidae	†Callophoca	†Callophoca obscura			Earless Seal
Physeterinae	†Physeterula	†Physeterula sp.			Sperm whale	Fragmentary Physeterula tooth from the Bone Valley Formation
Procyonidae	Procyon	Procyon sp.			Giant raccoon
†Megalonychidae	†Megalonyx	†Megalonyx leptostomus	Pinecrest Beds
†Megatheriidae	†Eremotherium	†Eremotherium eomigrans	Pinecrest Beds		Oldest occurrence of Eremotherium in North America	Eremotherium eomigrans claw core from the unconformity between the Bermont Formation and the Fort Thompson Formation of Hillsborough County
Mustelidae	†Trigonictis	†Trigonictis macrodon			Relative of the Grison
†Mylodontidae	†Glossotherium	†Glossotherium chapadmalense	Pinecrest Beds		Giant Sloth	Glossotherium sp. jaw from the Okeechobee Group
Sciuridae	†Miopetaurista	Potentially present
Tayassuidae	†Mylohyus	†Mylohyus floridanus			Long-Nosed Peccary	Mylohyus tooth from the Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene of Florida
	†Platygonus	†Platygonus bicalcaratus
Ursidae	†Arctodus	†Arctodus pristinus

Mollusks

Mollusks form the majority of the biodiversity of the Tamiami Formation, with around 800 species of gastropods or more known.

Bivalves

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Anomiidae	Anomia	Anomia simplex
	Placunanomia	†Placunanomia plicata			Unassessed
Arcidae	Anadara	†Anadara aequalitas
		Anadara brasiliana
		†Anadara crassicosta				Anadara crassicosta from the Pinecrest Beds of Sarasota.
	Arca	†Arca aquila
	Arca zebra			Turkey wing
	†Arca wagneriana				Arca wagneriana from the Pinecrest Beds of Sarasota County
	Barbatia	†Barbatia caloosahatchiensis
		†Barbatia irregularis	Murdock Station, Pinecrest Beds
	Cucullaearca	Cucullaearca candida
Cardiidae	Acrosterigma	†Acrosterigma dalli	Pinecrest Beds			Acrosterigma dalli
	Agnocardia	†Agnocardia spinosifrons
	Trachycardium	†Trachycardium evergladeensis				Trachycardium evergladeensis from the Tamiami Formation of Hillsborough County
Chamidae	Arcinella	Arcinella cornuta				Arcinella cornuta
	Chama	†Chama willcoxi				Chama willcoxi from the Pinecrest Beds of Hillsborough County, Florida
Gastrochaenolitidae	Gastrochaenolites				Ichnofossil Lithophaga
Gryphaeidae	Hyotissa	†Hyotissa haitensis	Pinecrest Beds, Lower, Ochopee Limestone, Buckingham Limestone
Lucinidae	Anodontia	Anodontia alba	Pinecrest Beds			Fossil of Anodontia alba from the Tamiami Formation
	Stewartia	Stewartia floridana				Fossil Stewartia floridana from a hurricane deposit in the Pinecrest Beds of Hillsborough County, Florida
Mytilidae	Brachidontes	Brachidontes exustus	Pinecrest beds
	Lithophaga		Golden Gates		Maker of the trace fossil Gastrochaenolites
	Perna	†Perna conradina	Lower, Murdock Station, Ochopee Limestone, Pinecrest Beds			Perna conradina from the Pinecrest Beds of Hillsborough County, hurricane deposit
Pectinidae	Amusium	†Amusium mortoni
	Argopecten	†Argopecten comparilis
		Argopecten gibbus
	Carolinapecten	†Carolinapecten eboreus
	†Chesapecten	†Chesapecten jeffersonius
		†Chesapecten madisonius
		†Chesapecten septenarius	lower
	Euvola	†Euvola hemicyclina	Lower, Pinecrest Beds
	Interchlamys	†Interchlamys interlineata
	Leptopecten	†Leptopecten irremotis	Lower
	Lindapecten
	Nodipecten	†Nodipecten collierensis	Lower, Buckingham Limestone, Ochopee Limestone
		†Nodipecten condylomatus		Unknown
	Stralopecten	†Stralopecten caloosaensis
Plicatulidae	Plicatula	Plicatula gibbosa
		†Plicatula hunterae	Pinecrest Beds, Murdock Station
		Plicatula marginata	Lower, Pinecrest Beds, Fruitville, Murdock Station, Buckingham Limestone
Veneridae	Anomalocardia	†Anomalocardia caloosana			Validity unassessed
		Anomalocardia cuneimeris
	Chione	†Chione erosa		Extremely Common	An extinct Venerid clam	Chione erosa with naticid borings
		†Chione morsitans			Validity unclear	Chione(?) morsitans, from the Pinecrest Beds of Hillsborough County
	Chioneryx	Chioneryx grus	Pinecrest Beds
	Mercenaria	Mercenaria campechiensis
		†Mercenaria corrugata			Validity unassessed	Mercenaria corrugata from the Pinecrest Beds
	Panchione	†Panchione ulocyma	Pinecrest Beds, Ochopee limestone			Panchione ulocyma
Verticordiidae	Trigonulina	Trigonulina ornata	Pinecrest Beds		A carnivorous clam.

Cephalopods

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Oichnidae	Oichnus	Oichnus ovalis	Pinecrest Beds		Ichnofossil octopus

Gastropods

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Amathinidae	Iselica	Iselica globosa	Pinecrest Beds
Architectonicidae	Architectonica	†Architectonica catanesi
		†Architectonica granulatum			Validity unknown
		Architectonica nobilis
Busyconidae	Busycon	Busycon carica	Pinecrest Beds
		†Busycon rampum	Pinecrest Beds
		†Busycon titan
		†Busycon tritonis
		†Busycon tudiculatum
	Busycotypus	†Busycotypus concinnum
		†Busycotypus libertiensis
		†Busycotypus mansfieldi
		†Busycotypus scotti
	Fulguropsis	†Fulguropsis carolinensis			Validity unknown
		†Fulguropsis excavatum
		†Fulguropsis floridanum
	†Laevisycon	†Laevisycon laeva
	†Pyruella	†Pyruella harasewychi
		†Pyruella miccosukee
		†Pyruella rogicostata			Validity unknown
		†Pyruella sarasotaensis
		†Pyruella seminole
		†Pyruella turbinalis				Pyruella turbinalis
	Sinistrofulgur	†Sinistrofulgur caloosahatcheensis
		†Sinistrofulgur contrarium	Lower, Ochopee Limestone, Pinecrest Beds, Fruitville, Buckingham Limestone			Sinistrofulgur contrarium from the Pinecrest Beds of Hillsborough County.
		†Sinistrofulgur grabaui
		†Sinistrofulgur hollisteri
Cancellariidae	Cancellaria	†Cancellaria conradiana	Pinecrest Beds			Cancellaria conradiana from the Pinecrest Beds of Hillsborough County
		Cancellaria reticulata
		†Cancellaria tabulata			Unassessed
Conidae	Conasprella	Conasprella delessertii
		Conasprella jaspidea
		Conasprella stearnsii
	†Contraconus	†Contraconus adversarius	Pinecrest Beds, Fruitville member			Contraconus adversarius from the Pinecrest Beds of Hillsborough County
		†Contraconus berryi
		†Contraconus lindajoyceae
	Conus	†Conus bassi
		†Conus gravesae
		†Conus haytensis
		†Conus miamiensis
		†Conus oniscus
		†Conus paranobilis
		Conus spurius				Conus spurius from the Fruitville member of Manatee County
		†Conus spuroides				Conus spuroides from the Caloosahatchee Formation of Hillsborough County
		†Conus yaquensis				Conus yaquensis from the Fruitville member of Manatee County
	†Osceolaconus	†Osceolaconus osceolae
Cypraeidae	†Alkleistostoma	†Alkleistostoma carolinensis
		†Alkleistostoma crocodila
		†Alkleistostoma diegelae
		†Alkleistostoma floridana
		†Alkleistostoma highlandsensis	Pinecrest Beds (Kissimmee Facies)
		†Alkleistostoma hughesi
		†Alkleistostoma miamiensis	Golden Gates Reef (Petuch's Zones 3-4)
		†Alkleistostoma pilsbryi
	†Calusacypraea	†Calusacypraea briani
		†Calusacypraea duerri
		†Calusacypraea sarasotaensis
		†Calusacypraea tequesta
	†Pseudadusta	†Pseudadusta buckinghamensis
		†Pseudadusta collierensis	Golden Gates Reef (Petuch's Zones 1-2)
		†Pseudadusta fehsei	Golden Gates Reef (Petuch's Zones 1-2)
		†Pseudadusta irisae	Golden Gates Reef (Petuch's Zones 1-2)
		†Pseudadusta ketteri	Golden Gates Reef (Petuch's Zones 1-2)
		†Pseudadusta lindae
	†Siphocypraea	†Siphocypraea alligator
		†Siphocypraea cannoni
		†Siphocypraea problematica
		†Siphocypraea trippeana
	†Yeehawcypraea	†Yeehawcypraea bartoni
Fasciolariidae	Cinctura
	Fasciolaria
	Fusinus	†Fusinus caloosaensis
		†Fusinus carolinensis				Fusinus caloosaensis from the Pinecrest Beds of Hillsborough County
		†Fusinus equalis
		†Fusinus florida
Melongenidae	Melongena	Melongena bispinosa			Locally Extinct	Melongena bispinosa from the Pinecrest Beds of Hillsborough County
		†Melongena consors
		Melongena corona
		†Melongena cynthiae				Melongena cynthiae from the Pinecrest Beds of Hillsborough County
		†Melongena draperi
		Melongena melongena
		†Melongena penningtonorum
Muricidae	†Ecphora	†Ecphora quadricostata
	Eupleura	Eupleura
		†Eupleura calusa
		Eupleura caudata
	†Latecphora
	Urosalpinx	†Urosalpinx megeana
Nassariidae	Phrontis	Phrontis vibex				Fossil Phoenix vibex from the Tamiami Formation
Olividae	Americoliva	†Americoliva carolinensis	Ochopee limestone, Pinecrest Beds
	Oliva	†Oliva amandae
	Olivella	Olivella mutica
		†Olivella tamiamiensis
Pisaniidae	Gemophos	Gemophos tinctus	Pinecrest Beds
Pleioptygmatidae	Pleioptygma	†Pleioptygma lineolata	Pinecrest Beds		Genus is locally extinct.	Pleioptygma lineolata, a mitre snail, under UV. This photo is color inverted and its hue altered to its show probable coloration. Collected from the Pinecrest Beds of Hillsborough County
Strombidae	Lobatus	†Lobatus leideyi
		Lobatus raninus
	Macrostrombus	†Macrostrombus hertweckorum
	Strombus	†Strombus floridanus				Strombus floridanus
		Strombus pugilis				Strombus pugilis from the Late Pliocene - Middle Pleistocene Okeechobee Group of Florida
Vasidae	†Hystrivasum	†Hystrivasum horridum				Hystrivasum horridum from the Pinecrest beds of Hillsborough County
		†Hystrivasum locklini
		†Hystrivasum olssoni
		†Hystrivasum schrinerae
		†Hystrivasum squamosum
Vermetidae	Petaloconchus	Petaloconchus floridanus
		†Petaloconchus sculpturatus				Petaloconchus sculpturatus from the Pinecrest Beds of Hillsborough County
	Thylacodes	†Thylacodes granifera
	Vermetus	†Vermetus virginicus

Scaphopods

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Dentaliidae	Dentalium	†Dentalium caloosaense			Unassessed
		Dentalium ceratum
		Dentalium eboreum
		†Dentalium prisma			Unassessed	Dentalium prisma, a scaphopod needing further taxonomic assessment
		Dentalium sp.
	Siphonodentalium	Siphonodentalium sp.
Gadilidae	Polyschides	Polyschides quadridentatus
	Gadila	Gadila sp.

Plants

Plants are known from pollen samples and spores.

Angiosperms

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Altingiaceae	Liquidamber
Asteraceae	Aster	Aster sp.	Pinecrest Beds Units 3-4, 6-7,10, 11,		Pollen
	Cichorioideae Indet.
	Indet.		Pinecrest Beds Units 3-4, 6-7, 11,
	Iva	Iva sp.
Aquifoliaceae	Ilex	Ilex sp.
Betulaceae	Betula	Betula sp.			Birch pollen
Fabaceae	Indet.
Fagaceae	Fagus	Fagus sp.			Beech
Quercus	Quercus sp.				Oak	Quercus sp. from the Bone Valley Formation of Polk County, a contemporary of the Lower Tamiami
Juglandaceae	Juglans	Juglans sp.
Lamiaceae	Indet.
Platanaceae	Platanus	Platanus sp.
Poaceae	Indet.
Polygonaceae	Polygonum	Polygonum sp.
Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer sp.	Pinecrest Beds, Units 6-7,10 (Petuch zones)

Conifers

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Pinaceae	Pinus	Indet.	Pinecrest Beds	Common	Pollen

Chlorophytines

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Halimedaceae	Halimeda	indet.	Golden Gates Reef	common

Ferns

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Osmundaceae	Osmunda
Polypodiaceae	Polypodium
Lycopodiaceae	Lycopodium

Porifera

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Clionaidae	Cliona			common	Known from the presence of Entobia	Entobia sp. on a weathered Perna conradina from the Pinecrest Beds
Entobiaidae	Entobia				Ichnofossil Cliona

Reptiles

Aves

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Anatidae	†Anabernicula	†Anabernicula sp.	Pinecrest Beds (Bird Layer)		Pygmy goose
	Anas
	Aythya
	Dendrocygna
Ardeidae	Ardea					Ardea sp. femur from the bird layer of the Pinecrest Beds of Sarasota County
	Botaurus
	Egretta	Egretta sp.			Egret
Cathartidae	Gymnogyps			One bone	Condor
Larinae	Larus	Larus sp. 1	Pinecrest Beds (Bird Layer)
		Larus sp. 2
Phalacrocoracidae	Phalacrocorax	†Phalacrocorax filyawi		137 articulated complete and partial skeletons	Cormorant, officially assigned to Phalacrocorax but is closest related to members of Urile	Phalacrocorax filyawi bones from the Bird Layer of the Pinecrest Beds of Sarasota County
Phoenicopteridae	Phoenicopterus	Phoenicopterus sp.			flamingo
Podicipedidae	Podilymbus	Podilymbus podiceps			Grebes
	Incertae sedis
Procellaridae	Indeterminate
Rallidae	Fulica
	Gallinula
	Laterallus
	Porphyrula
	Rallus
Scolopacidae	Calidris	Calidris alba			Sanderling
Stercorariidae	Stercorarius	Stercorarius sp.

Crocodilia

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Alligatoridae	Alligator	Indet

Squamates

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Colubridae	Nerodia	Nerodia taxispilota
	Indeterminate

Testudines

Family	Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Image
Chelydridae	Macroclemys	Macroclemys cf. temminckii
Emydidae	Indeterminate				Possibly Pseudemys platymarginata
	Terrapene	Terrapene cf. carolina			Common Box Turtle
	Pseudemys	†Pseudemys platymarginata			Extinct pond turtle
Kinosternidae	Kinosternon	Kinosternon cf. baurii
Testudinidae	†Hesperotestudo	†Hesperotestudo cf. crassiscutata			Extinct Giant Tortoise	Hesperotestudo sp. shell fragment of a giant tortoise from the Okeechobee Group (likely Caloosahatchee Formation) of Hillsborough County
		Indet.
Trionychidae	Apalone	Apalone cf. ferox	Pinecrest Beds	Plasteron fragments and humerus	Florida Softshell Turtle