Osage Treaty (1825)

The Osage Treaty (also known as the Treaty with the Osage) was signed in St. Louis, Missouri, on June 2, 1825, between William Clark on behalf of the United States and members of the Osage Nation. It contained 14 articles. It was a follow-up to the Treaty of St. Louis (1818) that had ceded a relatively small amount of land in modern-day Arkansas and Oklahoma.

Terms of the agreement

The Osage ceded a large area of land to the United States government for cash and annuity payments. According to the first article of the treaty, the territories ceded entailed lands lying within and west of both the State of Missouri and the Territory of Arkansas, lands lying north and west of the Red River, all territories south and east of the Kansas River. These areas later encompassed nearly the entire states of Kansas and Oklahoma, plus strips of land on the western edges of Missouri and Arkansas.[1] The accord was proclaimed on December 30, 1825.[2][3][4]

Location near White Hair Village or Town

The treaty further established an Osage Reservation in what became southern Kansas. It was based on the location of White Hair's village on the Verdigris River, the location of which was subject to some controversy in subsequent years when the borders of the Osage Reservation had to be established.[5]: 56-60 [6] Louis F. Burns, an Osage language speaker and author located the village on the west side of the Neosho River west of Shaw, Kansas, which coincides with the position established by Abel's discovery of a letter by G.J. Endicott.[6][5]: 56-60  "The village was known as White Hair's Town and contained eight log houses and 100 bark and grass houses."[7]

The Osage Reservation was established by this treaty. Its boundaries, based on the location of White Hair Village, also established the western boundary of the Cherokee Neutral Land.[8]: 76-78 [9][10] A Presbyterian camp called Boudinot Mission was built a little east of White Hair Village around 1830 near the mouth of Four Mile Creek, as shown on early maps.[11][12]

The Cherokee Neutral Land had been considered a buffer between the then-hostile Osages and the State of Missouri and ended up with very few inhabitants until the Cherokee ceded it and sold to James Frederick Joy.[8]: 106-107 [13]: 198-199 

See also

References

  1. ↑ For the Osage ceded lands, see pp. 708-709, which calls out areas labeled 123 on several maps: Kansas 1, Arkansas 1, Missouri 1, Indian Territory 1, plus the area labeled 94 on Indian Territory 1, a region that was already ceded by the Quapaw. Annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Volume 18, part 2. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. 1895. Retrieved 30 March 2026.
  2. ↑ Oklahoma State University Library (Kappler Project: Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties) - Treaty With The Osage, 1825 Archived 2006-09-02 at the Wayback Machine (Article I) The Great and Little Osage Tribes or Nations do, hereby cede and relinquish to the United States, all their right, title interest and claim, to lands lying within the State of Missouri and Territory of Arkansas, and to all lands lying West of the said State of Missouri and Territory of Arkansas, North and West of the Red River, South of the Kansas River, and East of a line to be drawn from the head sources of the Kansas, Southwardly through the Rock Saline, with such reservations, for such considerations, and upon such terms as are hereinafter specified, expressed, and provided for.
  3. ↑ "Articles of a treaty made and concluded at St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, between William Clark, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Commissioner on the part of the United States, and the undersigned, Chiefs, Head-Men, and Warriors, of the Great and Little Osage Tribes of Indians, duly authorized and empowered by their respective Tribes or Nations". Treaty with the Osage, 1825. Tribal Treaties Database. 1825. Retrieved 30 March 2026.
  4. ↑ Fitzpatrick, W.S. (1895). Treaties and Laws of the Osage Nation as passed to November 26, 1890 (PDF). Cedar Vale, Kansas: Press of the Cedar Vale Commercial. Retrieved 30 March 2026.
  5. 1 2 Burns, Louis F. (2004). A History of the Osage People. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0-8173-1319-2.
  6. 1 2 See footnotes on pp. 77-78 from editor George W. Martin, letters to and from G.J. Endicott and Governor Crawford on the location of old White Hair Village and the erroneous survey of George Van Zant. Abel, Annie Heloise (1900). Indian Reservations in Kansas and the Extinguishment of their Title (Master of Arts Thesis). University of Kansas. and Abel, Annie Heloise (1904). Martin, George W. (ed.). Collections or Transactions of the Kansas state historical society, 1903-1904 (Indian Reservations in Kansas and the Extinguishment of their Title). Topeka: George A. Clark. Retrieved 30 March 2026.
  7. ↑ T.F Morrison. "Mission Neosho, The First Kansas Mission". Kansas State Historical Society. August, 1935 (Vol. 4, No. 3): KanColl: The Kansas Historical Quarterlies.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  8. 1 2 Abel, Annie Heloise (1900). Indian Reservations in Kansas and the Extinguishment of their Title (Master of Arts Thesis). University of Kansas. and Abel, Annie Heloise (1904). Martin, George W. (ed.). Collections or Transactions of the Kansas state historical society, 1903-1904 (Indian Reservations in Kansas and the Extinguishment of their Title). Topeka: George A. Clark. Retrieved 30 March 2026.
  9. ↑ For the Osage Reservation, see pp.708-709, 836-837, 852-855, which calls out areas labeled 475, 476, 530 on Plate 26 (Kansas 1 map). For the Cherokee Neutral Land see region 490 on Plate 27 (Kansas 2 map) and pp. 754-755, 840-841, 848-849. Annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Volume 18, part 2. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. 1895. Retrieved 30 March 2026.
  10. ↑ "Cherokee Neutral Land, Kansas". Legends of Kansas. Retrieved 30 March 2026.
  11. ↑ "Earliest Protestant Missions". Retrieved 30 March 2026.
  12. ↑ "Indian Territory, with part of the adjoining state of Kansas, &c". Library of Congress. United States. Army. Corps of Topographical Engineers. 1866. Retrieved 30 March 2026.
  13. ↑ Cory, C.E. (1904). Martin, George W. (ed.). Collections or Transactions of the Kansas state historical society, 1903-1904 (The Osage Ceded Lands). Topeka: George A. Clark. Retrieved 30 March 2026.

Sources

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