Olea europaea

Olea europaea
Temporal range: Late Pleistocene to recent,
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Oleaceae
Genus: Olea
Species:
O. europaea
Binomial name
Olea europaea

Olea europaea is the tree species that includes the cultivated olive, and other subspecies as follows:[2][3]

Taxonomy

The natural ranges of the subspecies of Olea europaea, and the introduced/naturalised range. Olea europea subsp. cuspidata (S. Africa to China) not shown.[2]

The six natural subspecies of Olea europaea are distributed over a wide range:[2][3]

Olea europaea subsp. laperrinei in the Hoggar Mountains of Algeria
  • Olea europea subsp. europaea (the cultivated olive, Mediterranean Basin) is divided into two varieties, O. e. var. europaea, which was formerly named Olea sativa, with the seedlings called "olivasters", and O. e. var. silvestris, which corresponds to the old wildly-growing Mediterranean species O. oleaster, with the seedlings called "oleasters".[4] O. e. var. sylvestris forms a smaller, shrubby tree that produces smaller fruit and leaves.[5]
  • Olea europea subsp. cuspidata (from South Africa throughout East Africa, Arabia, Northwest India to Southwest China)[2]
  • Olea europea subsp. cerasiformis (Madeira); also known as Olea maderensis[6]
  • Olea europea subsp. guanchica (Canary Islands)[2]
  • Olea europea subsp. laperrinei (Algeria, Sudan, Niger)[2]
  • Olea europea subsp. maroccana (Morocco)[2]

Olea europea subsp. cerasiformis is tetraploid, and Olea europea subsp. maroccana is hexaploid.[7] Wild-growing forms of the olive are sometimes treated as the species Olea oleaster, or "oleaster". The trees referred to as "white" and "black" olives in Southeast Asia are not actually olives but species of Canarium.[8]

References

  1. ↑ Magos Brehm, J.; Draper Munt, D.; Kell, S.P. (2016) [errata version of 2011 assessment]. "Olea europaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011 e.T63005A102150835. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Green, P.S. (2002). "A revision of Olea L. (Oleaceae)". Kew Bulletin. 57 (1): 91–140. Bibcode:2002KewBu..57...91G. doi:10.2307/4110824. JSTOR 4110824.
  3. 1 2 Besnard, Guillaume; Rubio de Casas, Rafael; Christin, Pascal-Antoine; Vargas, Pablo (2009). "Phylogenetics of Olea (Oleaceae) based on plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences: Tertiary climatic shifts and lineage differentiation times". Annals of Botany. 104 (1): 143–160. doi:10.1093/aob/mcp105. PMC 2706730. PMID 19465750. Retrieved 8 March 2026.
  4. ↑ Marone, Elettra; Fiorino, Piero (January 2012). "Oleiculture in progress". Advances in Horticultural Science. 26 (3–4). doi:10.13128/ahs-22672.
  5. ↑ Barazani, Oz; Keren-Keiserman, Alexandra; Westberg, Erik; Hanin, Arnon; Dag, Nir; et al. (2016-01-13). "Genetic variation of naturally growing olive trees in Israel: from abandoned groves to feral and wild?". BMC Plant Biol. 16 (261): 261. Bibcode:2016BMCPB..16..261B. doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0947-5. PMC 5154132. PMID 27964727.
  6. ↑ Brito, Gina; Loureiro, João; Lopes, Tina; Rodriguez, Eleazar; Santos, Conceição (2008). "Genetic characterisation of olive trees from Madeira Archipelago using flow cytometry and microsatellite markers". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 55 (5): 657. Bibcode:2008GRCEv..55..657B. doi:10.1007/s10722-007-9268-8.
  7. ↑ Besnard, G.; Garcia-Verdugo, C.; Rubio De Casas, R.; Treier, U. A.; Galland, N.; Vargas, P. (2008). "Polyploidy in the Olive Complex (Olea europaea): Evidence from Flow Cytometry and Nuclear Microsatellite Analyses". Annals of Botany. 101 (1): 25–30. doi:10.1093/aob/mcm275. PMC 2701839. PMID 18024415. Retrieved 8 March 2026.
  8. ↑ "Buah Ca-na, Chinese White Olive". National Parks Board. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
This page is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.