Nicholas J. Clayton

Nicholas Joseph Clayton
FAIA
Born(1839-11-01)November 1, 1839
Cloyne, County Cork, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (present-day Republic of Ireland)
DiedDecember 9, 1916(1916-12-09) (aged 77)
Galveston, Texas, U.S.
Resting place
Calvary Catholic Cemetery, Galveston
OccupationArchitect
Years active1872-1916
Spouse
Mary Lorena Ducie
​
(m. 1891)​
Children5
Practice
BuildingsBishop's Palace, Ashbel Smith Building, Main Building (St. Edward's University), St. Mary Cathedral, Holy Trinity Catholic Church, National Shrine Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe, Stafford Opera House, Beach Hotel (destroyed), many buildings in Galveston's East End and Strand historic districts, and elsewhere
Military career
AllegianceUnited States of America
Branch
Navy
Service years
1862-1865
Rank
Yeoman
Conflict
American Civil War


Saint Mary's Cathedral, Austin, TX
The Beach Hotel, Galveston
Bishop's Palace, postcard

Nicholas Joseph Clayton (November 1, 1840, in Cloyne, County Cork – December 9, 1916) was a prominent Victorian era architect in Galveston, Texas.

Early life

Clayton was born on November 1, 1839, in Cloyne, County Cork, Ireland. His father, also named Nicholas Joseph Clayton, died in 1848. Margaret O'Mahoney Clayton, his mother, moved from Ireland to Cincinnati the same year. He served as a yeoman in the United States Navy during the Civil War. Following the war, he worked throughout the American South and Midwest as a craftsman and draftsman, finally settling in Galveston in 1872.[1]

Career

Clayton constructed many grand religious and public buildings in Galveston including the First Presbyterian Church (Galveston, Texas). He is also credited as the architect of Sacred Heart Catholic Church (Tampa, Florida) and of the Main Building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas. He also designed an addition to St. Mary Cathedral in Galveston. In 1887, Clayton was consulted in the design process of the fourth (and current) Texas State Capitol building in Austin, serving on an advisory board for the dome's construction and assisting with the selection of interior furnishings. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Works

1873

1874

1875

1876

  • Burr House, 1228 Sealy Avenue, Galveston (1876)[15]

1877

  • Albert A. Van Alstyne house, 1216 Main Street, Houston (1877), demolished).[16]
  • Lovenberg House, 1412 Market Street, Galveston (1877)[17]
  • Bolton Estate Building, 2321–2323 Strand, Galveston (1877, Clayton & Lynch)[18]
  • Wallis, Landes and Company, 2411 Strand, Galveston (1877, Clayton & Lynch, only the storefront remains)[19]
  • St. Patrick's Church, 1013–1027 34th Street, Galveston (1877, Clayton & Lynch)[20]

1878

  • George Schneider and Company Building, 2101–2107 Strand Street, Galveston (1878, Clayton and Lynch)[21]
  • The John Stoddard Brown & Company Building, 2111 Strand Street, Galveston (1878, Clayton)[22]

1879

  • Eaton Memorial Chapel, Trinity Episcopal Church, 721 22nd Street, Galveston (1879, Clayton and Lynch)[23]

1880

  • Masonic Lodge Building, Galveston (c. 1880, demolished)[24]

1882

  • Ursuline Academy of Dallas (1882, central building only, demolished in 1949)[25][26]
  • Beach Hotel (Galveston), Tremont Street at the beach (1882, destroyed by fire in 1898)[27]
  • Electric Pavilion, Galveston (1882, burned 1883)[28]
  • H. M. Trueheart & Company Building, 212 22nd Street, Galveston (1882)[29]
  • Greenleve, Block & Co. Building, 2310–2314 Strand, (1882)[30]

1883

  • Harmony Hall, Galveston (1882–1883, burned, 1928)[31]
  • W. L. Moody Building (Strand Surplus Senter), 2202–2206 Strand, Galveston (1883)[32]

1884

1885

  • Addition to Sydnor-Heidenheimer House, Galveston[36]

1886

1887

1888

1889

  • Rudolph Kruger House, 1628 Postoffice Street, Galveston (1889)[40]
  • Morris Lasker House, Galveston[41]

1890

1891

1892

1893

  • League House, 1710 Broadway, Galveston (1893)[45]
  • Ursuline Academy, 2600 Avenue N Galveston (1891–1894, demolished in 1962)[46]

1895

1896

  • St. Patrick's Church, Denison (1896–1898)[1]
  • Sacred Heart Cathedral, Dallas - Gothic Revival (1896–1902)[1]
  • St. Patrick's Catholic Church, 1013–1027 34th Street, Galveston (reconstructed in 1902)[48]

1905

1912

  • the dome of the second Sacred Heart Church, Galveston (1912)

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nesbitt, Robert A.; Fox, Stephen. "Clayton, Nicholas Joseph". Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
  2. ↑ Speck, Larry. "Old Red, University of Texas Medical School Galveston", Landmarks of Texas Architecture, (1986), University of Texas Press
  3. ↑ "Castillo, Juan. "St. Mary Cathedral gets a face-lift", American-Statesman, February 2, 2013". Archived from the original on September 27, 2018. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  4. ↑ Wooten, Heather Green. Old Red: Pioneering Medical Education in Texas, Texas A&M University Press, 2013, ISBN 9780876112946
  5. ↑ "Nicholas Joseph Clayton", Alexander Architectural Archive, University of Texas, Austin
  6. ↑ "GHF and the City of Galveston Celebrate Nicholas Clayton’s 175th Birthday on November 1", Galveston Historical Foundation
  7. ↑ Speck, Larry. "The Bishop's Palace", Landmarks of Texas Architecture, (1986), University of Texas Press
  8. ↑ Card, Terry. "The Bishop’s Palace: Galveston’s Most Significant Building", Island Guide
  9. ↑ Canright, Marsha. "Island celebrates renowned architect", Coast Monthly, October 24, 2015
  10. ↑ "History". Saint Mary Cathedral. Archived from the original on June 25, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
  11. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 54.
  12. ↑ Barnstone (1993), pp. 81–84.
  13. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 94.
  14. ↑ Robinson (1981), p. 122.
  15. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 117.
  16. ↑ Houghton, et al (1998), p. 80.
  17. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 69.
  18. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), pp. 19–20.
  19. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 19.
  20. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), pp. 175–176.
  21. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), pp. 24–25.
  22. ↑ https://www.galvestonmonthly.com/strand-chron/Chapter4.html
  23. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 53.
  24. ↑ Robinson (1981), p. 156.
  25. ↑ "Bosse, Paula. "Nicholas J. Clayton’s Neo-Gothic Ursuline Academy", Flaskback: Dallas
  26. ↑ Robinson (1981), p. 193.
  27. ↑ Barnstone (1993), pp. 117–122.
  28. ↑ Robinson (1981), p. 180.
  29. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 33.
  30. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 20.
  31. ↑ Robinson (1981), p. 157.
  32. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 22.
  33. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 34.
  34. ↑ Robinson (1981), p. 190.
  35. ↑ Robinson (1981), p. 205.
  36. ↑ Robinson (1981), p. 148.
  37. ↑ "1886 Stafford Opera House". Columbus Historical Preservation Trust. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
  38. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), pp. 101–102.
  39. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 52.
  40. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 74
  41. ↑ Robinson (1981), p. 145.
  42. ↑ "Anatomy of the John Sealy Hospital: Architectural Drawings from 1888". News & Announcements. Moody Medical Library, University of Texas Medical Branch. 3 March 2026. Retrieved 7 August 2026.
  43. ↑ Robinson (1981), p. 162.
  44. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), pp. 111–112.
  45. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), pp.113–114.
  46. ↑ Barnstone (1996), pp. 180–183.
  47. ↑ Henry (1993), p. 26.
  48. ↑ Beasley and Fox (1996), pp. 175–176.

Bibliography

  • Barnstone, Howard (1993). The Galveston That Was (Second ed.). College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-0-89096-887-1.
  • Beasley, Ellen; Fox, Stephen (1996). Galveston Architecture Guide. Houston: Rice University Press. ISBN 0-89263-346-8.
  • Henry, Jay C. (1993). Architecture in Texas, 1895–1945. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-73072-1.
  • Houghton, Dorothy Knox Howe; Bradley, Barrie Scardino; Howe, Katherine S.; Blackburn, Sadie Gwin (1998). Houston's Forgotten Heritage: Landscapes, Houses, Interiors, 1824–1914. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University. ISBN 978-1-62349-246-5.
  • Robinson, Willard B. (1981). Gone From Texas: Our Lost Architectural Heritage. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-106-9.
  • Wooten, Heather Green (2013). Old Red: Pioneering Medical Education in Texas. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 9780876112946.

Further reading

  • Scardino, Barrie; Turner, Drexel (2000). Clayton's Galveston: The Architecture of Nicholas J. Clayton and His Contemporaries. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-881-0.
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