Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong
| Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong | |
|---|---|
 | |
| M. tuggeranong with male flowers | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Polygonaceae |
| Genus: | Muehlenbeckia |
| Species: | M. tuggeranong |
| Binomial name | |
| Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong Mallinson | |
Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong, commonly known as Tuggeranong lignum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae. It is a low, sprawling shrub capable of developing into a wiry mass. M. tuggeranong is endemic to the Australian Capital Territory along the eastern bank of the Murrumbidgee River, south of Canberra.[2] It is listed as Endangered under ACT legislation.[3]
Description
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Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong is a relatively small, sprawling shrub, forming a loose tangled mass of wiry stems up to approximately 1 m high and 1–2 m across. Its leaves are alternate glabrous (hairless) and relatively small (lamina 5-13 mm long, 2-4 mm wide). Its inflorescences are terminal, bearing cream-green-coloured flowers, which are typically unisexual but occasionally hermaphrodite. Whole plants are also typically dioecious, though occasionally exhibit hermaphroditism.[4] The species is morphologically similar to M. axillaris, except that the latter is more consistently prostrate in its growth habit, and its inflorescences are typically axillary rather than terminal. M. axillaris is also not believed to occur in the Tuggeranong area where M. tuggeranong is found.[4]
Distribution and habitat
Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong has been found only on flood terraces of the eastern banks of the Murrumbidgee River Corridor, near the township of Tuggeranong, at the southern edge of the Canberra district.[4] The plants grow on silty, sandy and gravelly soil or in the crevices of rocks bordering the river. The population's sole identified habitat is known to be periodically flooded.[5]
Conservation status
Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong is listed as endangered in the Australian Capital Territory under the Nature Conservation Threatened Native Species List (2025).[3] One group of researchers describes it as “one of the rarest plants in Australia, [and] certainly the rarest in the Australian Capital Territory.”[6]: 1 As of 1998, one year after the species was first described, only seven plants (six males, one female) had ever been found.[5] In 2025, the wild population was still considered to comprise fewer than ten individuals. Furthermore, from speculations based on genetic data, it appears that there may remain no more wild females, and as few as four genetically distinct wild males.[6]: 7 [7]
Cuttings from both male and female plants have been successfully propagated at the Australian National Botanic Gardens (ANBG), where an ex-situ population is still maintained.[8] Wild individuals have never been observed to produce seed; however, after 2022, workers at the ANBG have been able to successfully induce cultivated plants into producing fertile seed.[9] Threats to the wild population are considered to include: damage from visitors to the site (e.g. trampling); competition from aggressively invasive species such as Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) and Eragrostis curvula (African lovegrass);[5][1] and low genetic diversity, resulting in a reduced capacity for environmental adaptation as well as a higher likelihood of inbreeding depression.[6]
References
- 1 2 "Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong Recovery Plan" (PDF). Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. Australian Government. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2026.
- ↑ "Tuggeranong Lignum (Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong)". ACT Government. Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate. 11 December 2024. Archived from the original on 7 August 2026. Retrieved 7 August 2026.
- 1 2 "Nature Conservation Threatened Native Species List 2025 (NI2025-299)" (PDF). ACT Legislation Register. ACT Parliamentary Counsel. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2025. Retrieved 7 August 2026.
- 1 2 3 Makinson, R.O.; Mallinson, D.J. (1997). "Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong (Polygonaceae), a new species from the Canberra district". Telopea. 7 (3): 215–219. Bibcode:1997Telop...7..215M. doi:10.7751/telopea19971014.
- 1 2 3 Mallinson, D.; Armstrong, B.; Baker, K.; Bogie, L.; Docherty, L.; Gilmore, S.; Hopkins, E.; Indhamusika, S.; Jewell, M.; Kivshar, V.; Mant, J.; Mills, H.; Neal, J.; Paul, J.; Macnamara, J.; Stadler, F.; Wilkinson, M. (1998). "Ecology and conservation status of Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong (Polygonaceae) near Canberra" (PDF). Cunninghamia. 5 (3): 773–778.
- 1 2 3 Walcott, Isobel; Lanspeary, Angela; Shams, Foyez; Bredell, Peter; Cook, Emma; Higgisson, William (2025). "On the Precipice of Extinction: Genetic Data in the Conservation Management of In Situ and Ex Situ Collections of the Critically Endangered Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong (Tuggeranong Lignum)". Plants. 14 (12): 1812. Bibcode:2025Plnts..14.1812W. doi:10.3390/plants14121812. PMC 12197067. PMID 40573800.
- ↑ Brown, F.; Bredell, P.; Rodriguez, V. B.; Stevenson, A.; Hoyle, G. L. (2025). "Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong ex situ conservation breakthrough, part II". Australasian Plant Conservation. 34 (3): 10–13. Retrieved 8 August 2026.
- ↑ Hoyle, G.L.; Bredell, P.; Stevens, A.; Cook, E.; Knapp, Z.; Guja, L.K. (2023). "Ex situ conservation breakthrough at the Australian National Botanic Gardens". Australasian Plant Conservation. 32 (1): 3–7. Retrieved 8 August 2026.
- ↑ "The National Seed Bank: Research & Conservation projects – Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Australian Government. Archived from the original on 8 August 2026. Retrieved 8 August 2026.