Mongolian Democratic Party (1990)

Mongolian Democratic Party
Монголын Ардчилсан Нам
AbbreviationMDP/MoDP (English)
МоАН (Mongolian)
ChairpersonErdeniin Bat-Üül
Founded18 February 1990 (1990-02-18)
Registered7 April 1990 (1990-04-07)
Dissolved25 October 1992 (1992-10-25)
Merged intoMongolian National Democratic Party
HeadquartersUlaanbaatar
Ideology
Political positionCentre-right to right wing
Colors  Blue
State Great Khural
(1992–1996)
4 / 76
Party flag

The Mongolian Democratic Party (MDP) (Mongolian: Монголын Ардчилсан Нам, romanized: Mongolyn Ardchilsan Nam) was a political party in Mongolia that existed from 1990 to 1992, and again in 2000. The MDP was the main opposition party from 1990 until 1992, when it merged with the Mongolian National Progress Party, the Mongolian United Party, and the Mongolian Renaissance Party to found the Mongolian National Democratic Party.[1][2]

The MDP was re-established in early 2000 and later became a founding member of the modern-day Democratic Party in December 2000.[1]

History

Foundation

Political demonstrations led by Sanjaasürengiin Zorig in Sükhbaatar Square during the 1990 revolution

By late November 1989, pro-democracy youth intellectual groups in Ulaanbaatar, inspired by the waves of revolution in Eastern Europe, began to criticize the government of the Mongolian People's Republic and the socialist one-party state.[3] The Mongolian Democratic Union (MDU) was formed by the end of 1989 and would lay the foundations for Mongolia's first opposition political party during the 1990 revolution. On 18 February 1990, the MDU convened its first conference and established the Mongolian Democratic Party (MDP). Erdeniin Bat-Üül was elected as the party's first chairman.[1][4]

After the success of the 1990 revolution, the MDP held its first party congress on 8-9 April, during which it ratified its party charters and elected its officials.[4] The MDP was officially registered as a legitimate political party by the Supreme Court of the Mongolian People's Republic on 7 April 1990, a day celebrated by the modern Democratic Party as the date of its first party congress and the start of its history.[1]

In the subsequent 1990 elections, the country's first free and fair multi-party elections, the MDP would win 23 out of 430 seats in the representative People's Great Khural and 13 out of 50 seats in the newly established lower house, the State Little Khural. Therefore, making it the second-largest political party in parliament and the main opposition force against the ruling party.

In August 1991, Sanjaasürengiin Zorig, a key leader of the 1990 revolution, and his allies split off from the MDU and MDP to establish the Republican Party.[5] Zorig's party later merged with the Mongolian Free Labour Party and wings of the MDU, and established the Mongolian United Party (MUP) on 23 March 1992.[2]

Merger with the MNPP

After the ratification of a new constitution and the establishment of a unicameral parliament, the 1992 elections for the first State Great Khural were held on 28 June 1992. MDP chairman Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan signed an electoral alliance agreement with the party chairmen of the Mongolian National Progress Party (MNPP) and the Mongolian United Party on 23 April.[2] The three-party alliance won 4 of the 76 seats in the State Great Khural.[6] In the same year, the MDP merged with the MNPP, the MUP, and the Mongolian Renaissance Party to form the Mongolian National Democratic Party (MNDP) on 25 October.[1][2]

The Democratic Union Coalition (DUC), an opposition coalition consisting mainly of the MNDP and the Mongolian Social Democratic Party (MSDP), would win 50 seats in the State Great Khural in the 1996 election, which was the first time the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) was out of power since 1921.[7] However, due to many party infighting and political deadlock driven by the minority MPRP and the Mongolian Traditional United Party, the DUC fractured in late 1999 and early 2000.

Refounding

Sodnomzunduin Erdene (leftmost) at the Party Congress of the re-founded MDP, 23 January 2000

Sodnomzunduin Erdene, then-party chairman of the MNDP in Ulaanbaatar, re-founded the MDP in early 2000[8] and denounced the MSDP for bringing down the DUC's governments with the MPRP. [1] The party nominated candidates and contested most of the 76 constituencies in the 2000 parliamentary election. The MPRP won a landslide victory in the subsequent election, while the opposition parties, including the MNDP, gained a total of 3 seats.

On 6 December 2000, five parties, the MNDP, the MSDP, the MDP, the Mongolian Democratic Renaissance Party, and the Mongolian Religious Democratic Party, merged and formed the modern-day Democratic Party (Mongolian: Ардчилсан Нам, romanized: Ardchilsan Nam).[4]

Leaders

Electoral history

People's Great Khural elections

Election Party leader Votes % Seats +/– Position Government
1990 Erdeniin Bat-Üül 236,087 24.14% People's Great Khural
23 / 430
State Little Khural
13 / 50
 New 2nd Unity government

State Great Khural elections

Election Party leader Votes % Seats +/– Position Government
1992[a] Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan 528,393 17.49%
4 / 76
 Increase 4 Steady 2nd Opposition
1996 Merged into the Mongolian National Democratic Party
34 / 76
 — Increase 1st Governing coalition
2000 Sodnomzunduin Erdene 18,167 1.82%
0 / 76
 Steady Decrease 7th Extra-parliamentary
  1. ↑ Run together with the Mongolian National Progress Party and the Mongolian United Party.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Ардчилсан намын түүхэн товчоон-туршлага ба сургамж". www.assa.mn (in Mongolian). 2016-12-21. Retrieved 2025-12-01.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Ц.Ганхуяг (2021-01-13). "С.Зориг тэргүүтэй Нэгдсэн намынхан". sonin.mn (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2026-04-19.
  3. ↑ Heaton, William R. (Jan 1991). "Mongolia in 1990: Upheaval, Reform, But No Revolution Yet". The Western Political Quarterly. 31 (1): 50–56. doi:10.2307/2645184. JSTOR 2645184.
  4. 1 2 3 "Намын тухай". democraticparty.mn (in Mongolian). Democratic Party. Retrieved 2025-09-01.
  5. ↑ Ж.Болдбаатар (2020-10-02). "С.Зориг айсуй цагийн өнгө төрхийг эхэлж мэдэрсэн нэгэн байв". Parliament.mn - Монгол Улсын Их Хурал (in Mongolian). "Өнөөдөр" сонин. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
  6. ↑ "The first State Great Hural election /1992-1996/". Parliament.mn - Монгол Улсын Их Хурал (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 2025-11-13. Retrieved 2026-03-22.
  7. ↑ Nohlen, Grotz & Hartmann, Dieter, Florian & Cristof (2001). Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook. Vol. II. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 506. ISBN 0-19-924959-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑ С.Баттулга (2011-02-16). "Загалмайтны аян дайн". gogo.mn (in Mongolian). Улс төрийн Тойм. Retrieved 2026-04-18.
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