Milne (crater)
 Lunar Orbiter 3 image, facing southwest | |
| Coordinates | 31°24′S 112°12′E / 31.4°S 112.2°E |
|---|---|
| Diameter | 272 km |
| Depth | 3.25 km (2.02 mi)[1] |
| Colongitude | 252° at sunrise |
| Formation | Pre-Nectarian[2][3] |
| Eponym | E. Arthur Milne |
Milne is a large lunar crater that is located in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon.[4] This class of formation is known as a peak ring basin, which has a single interior topographic ring or a discontinuous ring of peaks with no central peak.[5] It lies to the northeast of the Mare Australe, and southeast of Lacus Solitudinis.
This formation dates to the Pre-Nectarian period of the lunar geologic timescale.[2][3] It has been heavily eroded and reshaped by a long history of impacts, leaving a low, irregular ridge line around most of the perimeter. The southern portion of the wall has been obliterated by impacts, and this area is now overlain by the craters Milne M and Milne N. Milne N has a ray system and is mapped as part of the Copernican System.[2]
The infrared spectrum of pure crystalline plagioclase has been identified on the crater floor.[6] Although the interior floor is relatively flat, it has been marred by many impacts in the surface. The most prominent of these is the satellite crater Milne K, which is located just to the south of the midpoint. Overlapping the southern rim of K is the smaller Milne L. In the northeast part of the floor is an unusual tight formation of 10–12 small impacts that almost resembles a cluster of grapes.
The crater floor is somewhat irregular in the northwestern part, where the prominent crater Scaliger intrudes into the outer rim, leaving ejecta across the floor. Other nearby craters include Alden to the north, Parkhurst to the west, Schaeberle to the northeast, and Bjerknes to the south. Farther to the northeast is the walled plain Fermi and the impressive Tsiolkovskiy.
This formation is named after the British mathematician and astrophysicist Edward Arthur Milne (1896–1950).
Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Milne.
| Milne | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
|---|---|---|---|
| K | 32.5° S | 113.1° E | 65 km |
| L | 33.7° S | 112.7° E | 26 km |
| M | 35.7° S | 112.1° E | 54 km |
| N | 35.5° S | 110.8° E | 37 km |
| P | 37.1° S | 107.7° E | 95 km |
| Q | 34.3° S | 107.3° E | 75 km |
Milne N is characterised by an extremely high rockfall density by lunar standards, and Milne L by a very high rockfall density.[7]: 2
References
- ↑ Williams, Kevin K.; Zuber, Maria T. (January 1998). "Measurement and Analysis of Lunar Basin Depths from Clementine Altimetry". Icarus. 131 (1): 107–122. Bibcode:1998Icar..131..107W. doi:10.1006/icar.1997.5856.
- 1 2 3 Wilhelms, Don E.; McCauley, John F.; Trask, Newell J. (1987). The geologic history of the Moon. USGS Professional Paper 1348. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. doi:10.3133/pp1348. Plate 11: Copernican System; p. 149.
- 1 2 Byrne, Charles J. (2015). The Moon's Largest Craters and Basins: Images and Topographic Maps from LRO, GRAIL, and Kaguya. Physics and Astronomy. Springer. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-3-319-22032-1.
- ↑ Moore, Patrick (2000). The Data Book of Astronomy. CRC Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-4200-3344-1.
- ↑ Baker, David M. H.; et al. (August 2011). "The transition from complex crater to peak-ring basin on the Moon: New observations from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) instrument". Icarus. 214 (2): 377–393. Bibcode:2011Icar..214..377B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.030.
- ↑ Donaldson Hanna, K. L.; et al. (July 2014). "Global assessment of pure crystalline plagioclase across the Moon and implications for the evolution of the primary crust". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 119 (7): 1516–1545. Bibcode:2014JGRE..119.1516D. doi:10.1002/2013JE004476.
- ↑ Bickel, Valentin Tertius; et al. (June 8, 2020). "Impacts drive lunar rockfalls over billions of years". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 2862. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.2862B. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16653-3. eISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7280507. PMID 32513934.
Sources
- Andersson, L. E.; Whitaker, E. A. (1982). NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature. NASA RP-1097.
- Blue, Jennifer (July 25, 2007). "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature". USGS. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- Bussey, B.; Spudis, P. (2004). The Clementine Atlas of the Moon. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81528-4.
- Cocks, Elijah E.; Cocks, Josiah C. (1995). Who's Who on the Moon: A Biographical Dictionary of Lunar Nomenclature. Tudor Publishers. ISBN 978-0-936389-27-1.
- McDowell, Jonathan (July 15, 2007). "Lunar Nomenclature". Jonathan's Space Report. Archived from the original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
- Menzel, D. H.; Minnaert, M.; Levin, B.; Dollfus, A.; Bell, B. (1971). "Report on Lunar Nomenclature by the Working Group of Commission 17 of the IAU". Space Science Reviews. 12 (2): 136–186. Bibcode:1971SSRv...12..136M. doi:10.1007/BF00171763. S2CID 122125855.
- Moore, Patrick (2001). On the Moon. Sterling Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-304-35469-6.
- Price, Fred W. (1988). The Moon Observer's Handbook. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33500-3.
- Rükl, Antonín (1990). Atlas of the Moon. Kalmbach Books. ISBN 978-0-913135-17-4.
- Webb, Rev. T. W. (1962). Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes (6th revised ed.). Dover. Reprint: ISBN 978-0-486-20917-3
- Whitaker, Ewen A. (1999). Mapping and Naming the Moon. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62248-6.
- Wlasuk, Peter T. (2000). Observing the Moon. Springer. ISBN 978-1-85233-193-1.
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