Melhania erythroxylon
| Saint Helena redwood | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Genus: | Melhania |
| Species: | M. erythroxylon |
| Binomial name | |
| Melhania erythroxylon | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Melhania erythroxylon, the Saint Helena redwood, is a species of flowering plant endemic to Saint Helena. It is a shrub or tree that is now extinct in the wild.[1] This species has pendant flowers, petals that turn pink with age, and white staminodes.
It was formerly abundant enough in the upland parts of the island for early settlers in the 17th century to use the timber to make their homes. It became extinct in the 1950s due to deforestation as its habitat was cleared to make way for pasture, timber and fuel.[3] The St. Helena redwood was used as an early example of ex situ conservation when the governor of Saint Helena obtained a couple seedlings and planted them in his garden.[4] It now exists in cultivation, although cultivated stock is weak.
Saint Helena redwood is completely unrelated to the redwood tree of California and other trees called redwood.
Melhania × benjaminii is a naturally-occurring hybrid of M. erythroxylon and the related Saint Helena ebony (Melhania ebenus),[5] is now often planted on the island.
The species was first described as Pentapetes erythroxylon by Georg Forster in 1789. In 1812 Robert Brown placed the species in genus Melhania as M. erythroxylon.[2]
See also
References
- 1 2 Lambdon, P.W.; Ellick, S. (2016). "Trochetiopsis erythroxylon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T30560A67371983. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T30560A67371983.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- 1 2 "Melhania erythroxylon (G.Forst.) R.Br". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 June 2026.
- ↑ "10 Species Lost to Deforestation | Greentumble". 30 July 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
- ↑ Cronk, Q.C.B. (1983). "The decline of the redwood Trochetiopsis erythroxylon on St Helena". Biological Conservation. 26 (2): 163–174. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(83)90064-2. ISSN 0006-3207. S2CID 84940666.
- ↑ "Melhania × benjaminii (Cronk) Dorr". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 June 2026.
- Cronk, Q. C. .. "The Decline of the Redwood Trochetiopsis Erythroxylon on St Helena." Biological Conservation, vol. 26, no. 2, Elsevier Ltd, 1983, pp. 163-74
External links
Media related to Melhania erythroxylon at Wikimedia Commons