Chiefdom of Mangshi

Chiefdom of Mangshi
ᥝᥥᥒᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ
芒市土司
1443–1955
Territory in modern Yunnan
Territory in modern Yunnan
StatusNative Chiefdom of China
CapitalMangshi
Common languagesTai Nuea language
GovernmentMonarchy
Tusi 
• 1443–1459
Fang Dingzheng (first)
• 1948–1955
Fang Yulong (last)
History 
• Established
1443
• Disestablished
1955
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Mong Mao
People's Republic of China
Today part ofChina

The Chiefdom of Mangshi, officially Mangshi Yuyi Zhangguansi and Mangshi Anfusi, was a Dai autonomous Tusi chiefdom in the west of Yunnan, China, from 1443 to 1955. In 1443, the Ming dynasty established Mangshi Yuyi Zhangguansi (芒市御夷長官司) because a Mangshi chief made a contribution in Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns, and then upgraded to Mangshi Anfusi (芒市安撫司) in 1640. Chiefdom of Mangshi has an absolute dictatorship in politics, military, economy at the territory, and use the rule of primogeniture.[1]

In the Republic of China period, the central government used many methods try to abolish the Chiefdom of Mangshi, for example, established a direct control government "Luxi Administrate Bureau" (潞西設治局).[1] But the Chiefdom of Mangshi allied with other chiefdoms to counteract the abolishment. At its worst, chiefdoms had a consideration for independence from China. Finally, the central government compromised with chiefdoms.[2]

After People's Republic of China controlled this area, the central government launched the Chinese Land Reform Movement. The last Chief of Mangshi, Fang Yulong lost his power and land, finally abolished in 1955.[3]

Chaophas

Chiefdom of Mangshi contains 24 official Chaophas in history.[1]: 482 

Generation Name in Chinese Name in Pinyin Period Duration Notes
1放定正Fang Ding-zheng1443－145916
2放貞Fang Zhen1465－148722Son
3放革Fang Ge1506－151812Son
4放輔Fang Fu1523－154219Son
5放福Fang Fu1543－157330Son
6放國忠Fang Guo-zhong1573－159118Son, marriage with Yue Feng's daughter, who betrayed Ming. He was killed by Ming in 1591 with his father Fang Fu.
7放緯Fang Wei1592－15954Fang family's relatives
8放珀Fang Po1596－163943Second son
9放廷臣Fang Ting-chen1640－16477Son
10放國璋Fang Guo-zhang1648－165810Son
11放愛眾Fang Ai-zhong1661－16643Son
Acting放廷弼Fang Ting-bi1668－16735Fang Ting-chen's little brother
12放彌高Fang Mi-gao1673－168512Fang Ai-zhong's son
Acting放彌合Fang Mi-he1685－16949Fang Mi-gao's little brother
13放天球Fang Tian-qiu1696－171317Fang Mi-gao's son
14放仁Fang Ren1716－173822Son
15放作藩Fang Zuo-fan1741－177029Son
16放愈彰Fang Yu-zhang1771－17721Son
Acting放作藩Fang Zuo-fan1772－17742
17放愈著Fang Yu-zhu1774－179622Fang Zuo-fan's second son
18放澤重Fang Ze-zhong1798－181618Son
Acting放愈新Fang Yu-xin1816－18215
Acting放澤浩Fang Ze-hao1821－??Fang Ze-zhong's elder cousin
19放承恩Fang Cheng-en1826－184923Son
Acting放世恩Fang Shi-en1851－18587Fang Cheng-en's little brother
20放慶祿Fang Qing-lu1875－18772Fang Cheng-en's step-son, Fang Shi-en's son
Acting放慶壽Fang Qing-shou1879－188910Fang Zheng-de's uncle
Acting放慶雍Fang Qing-yong1889－??Fang Zheng-de's uncle
21放正德Fang Zheng-de1889－191021Fang Qing-lu's son
22方克明Fang Ke-ming1910－193121Son
23方雲龍Fang Yun-long1933－19363Son
Acting方克光Fang Ke-guang1936－195317Fang Zheng-de's 3rd son
Acting方克勝Fang Ke-sheng1944－19484Fang Zheng-de's 4th son
24方御龍Fang Yu-long1948－19557Fang Ke-ming's 5th son
Acting方化龍Fang Hua-long1953－19552Fang Ke-guang's son

References

  1. 1 2 3 云南省潞西县志编纂委员会 (1993). 潞西县志 [Annals of Luxi County] (in Chinese). Kunming: Yunnan Education Publishing House. ISBN 7-5415-0685-0.
  2. ↑ 王春桥 (2015). "土司存废与国家统一(1944~1948)" [Maintenance or abolishment of Tusi chieftain system and unification of China (1944-1948)]. Journal of Yunnan Minzu University (Social Sciences) (in Chinese). 32 (1): 103–108. doi:10.13727/j.cnki.53-1191/c.2015.01.015.
  3. ↑ 德宏史志编委会办公室 (1986). 德宏史志资料 第七集 [Annals material of Dehong, Volume 7] (in Chinese). Mangshi: Dehong Nationalities Publishing House.


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